半固态等温热处理对Mg-7Zn-1Cu-0.3V镁合金非枝晶组织的影响

本工作采用半固态等温热处理法研究了保温温度和保温时间对Mg-7Zn-1Cu-0.3V镁合金半固态非枝晶组织演变的影响。结果表明:半固态等温热处理能将Mg-7Zn-1Cu-0.3V合金的原始树枝晶组织转变为半固态非枝晶组织,最终得到细小、圆整且分布均匀的球状颗粒。延长等温时间或升高保温温度有利于非枝晶组织的分离球化;但当保温温度过高或保温时间过长时,半固态颗粒会出现合并及长大现象,其主要演变符合Ostwald熟化机制。在整个等温热处理过程中,半固态组织演变主要经历了初始粗化、组织分离及球化、颗粒合并及熟化三个阶段。Mg-7Zn-1Cu-0.3V合金的最佳等温热处理工艺为:保温温度580℃,保温时间35 min。在该条件下得到的非枝晶颗粒平均尺寸、固相率及形状因子分别为33.25μm、45%及1.33。     

等温热处理过程中半固态AZ91D镁合金的组织演变

研究等温热处理对半固态AZ91D镁合金组织的影响。结果表明,随着保温温度的提高和保温时间的延长初生α-Mg相的圆整度提高。在等温热处理过程中,半固态组织经历了组织分离、球化和粗化长大三个过程。半固态组织中的液相由液池、小液池和液相薄膜3部分组成,固相由初生α-Mg相和二次凝固时形成的α-Mg相2部分组成。     

Mg-7Zn-0.2Ti-xCu镁合金非枝晶组织的演变过程及机理

采用等温热处理法制备了Mg-7Zn-0.2Ti-xCu(x=0、0.5、1.0、1.5,质量分数/%)合金的半固态坯料,探讨了Cu元素及其含量对Mg-7Zn-0.2Ti-xCu合金铸态和半固态组织的影响,同时,研究了等温温度和保温时间对Mg-7Zn-0.2Ti-1Cu合金半固态组织演变的影响并分析了非枝晶组织的形成机理。结果表明：在半固态组织演变过程中,随着等温温度的升高和保温时间的延长,固相颗粒的尺寸和形状因子先减小后增大。铸态组织和溶质原子的扩散行为是影响等温热处理过程中非枝晶组织形貌及其演变的主要因素。当Cu含量为1.0%(质量分数)时,合金铸态组织细小,Cu对非枝晶组织的优化效果最佳。Mg-7Zn-0.2Ti-1Cu合金在600℃下保温30 min时获得的非枝晶组织较为理想,其固相颗粒的平均尺寸、形状因子和固相率分别为43.12μm、1.46和59.77%,满足半固态成形的要求。     

Mg-6Zn-1Cu-0.3Mn镁合金的半固态组织演变

采用半固态等温热处理法,研究了重熔温度和等温时间对Mg-6Zn-1Cu-0. 3Mn镁合金半固态组织演变的影响。结果表明:在不同温度保温30min或在585℃保温不同时间的球化演变过程中,Mg-6Zn-1Cu-0. 3Mn合金中球状组织的平均尺寸、形状因子均先减小后增大,且固相率明显下降;晶界和亚晶界共同提供了溶质原子的扩散通道和液相相互渗透的路径,晶粒内部的溶质原子Zn、Cu和Mn富集区和枝晶壁搭接处形成了高溶质浓度的小"液池";当保温温度超过585℃或时间超过30 min时,颗粒易于粗化,其粗化符合Ostwald熟化机制。适合Mg-6Zn-1Cu-0. 3Mn合金的半固态等温处理工艺为585℃×30 min,其颗粒平均尺寸、形状因子和固相率分别为29. 91μm、1. 09和47. 55%。     

添加Sm对不同尺寸Mg-6Zn-0.4Zr镁合金坯料非枝晶组织演变的影响

采用半固态等温热处理法对添加0%、2%(质量分数)稀土SmΦ10mm和Φ20mm的Mg-6Zn-0.4Zr合金坯料非枝晶组织演变进行研究。结果表明,未添加Sm的两种尺寸合金坯料的半固态组织都存在明显的尺寸效应。从试样的边缘到芯部,固相颗粒尺寸由小逐渐变大,圆整度趋于恶化,液相逐渐减少;此外,随着坯料尺寸增大,由边缘到芯部的半固态组织的差异也增大。添加Sm的两种合金坯料经等温热处理后,固相颗粒的尺寸效应基本消除。固相颗粒尺寸整体变得均匀且细小,同时颗粒圆整度趋于完美,适宜触变成形要求。此外,添加2%的Sm使合金的非枝晶组织演变进程加快。     

液相线模锻法制备ZK60-RE镁合金半固态组织演变

给出了液相线模锻法制备ZK60-RE镁合金半固态坯料的实验方法和工艺参数,并研究了该方法制备的ZK60-RE镁合金在半固态等温热处理过程中的微观组织演变.结果表明:利用液相线模锻法可以制备半固态ZK60-RE镁合金坯料,半固态ZK60-RE镁合金坯料在保温时间较短的半固态等温热处理过程中能形成晶粒细小、晶粒粗化速度较为缓慢的球晶组织,晶粒在600℃保温15 min、610℃保温3 min和618℃保温0 min时分别达到最小,最小尺寸分别为35、45、30 μm,能够达到半固态加工实际化生产的较高要求.晶粒在不同的温度下随着保温时间的延长,晶粒的圆整度均逐渐变小,球晶化越来越好.     

MB15在半固态等温处理中的组织和成分演变

为考查等温处理技术制备半固态成形用MB15镁合金非枝晶锭料的可能性,借助于液淬技术、光学和电子显微分析,研究了MB15镁合金的微观组织和成分演变.结果表明:MB15镁合金在半固态等温热处理过程中能形成晶粒细小、晶粒粗化速度缓慢的球状组织,但其圆整程度低于AZ91D合金.随着温度的升高和保温时间的延长,Zn向晶界扩散速度加快,晶界处的Zn含量逐渐增加,晶内Zr偏析逐渐扩散.冷却时,α-Mg与Zr在晶内富Zn处发生包晶反应,晶界处发生共晶反应和共析反应.     

原位反应液相线铸造半固态铝合金的晶粒长大行为

采用原位反应液相线铸造方法制备含有少量原位TiC颗粒的7075铝合金,在其固液两相区进行二次加热保温实验,淬火固定其半固态组织后,通过扫描电镜观察合金的晶粒长大行为,并利用平均截线法测量晶粒尺寸,研究原位颗粒对晶粒长大行为的影响.结果发现,原位TiC颗粒不仅对合金的铸态组织产生细化和球化作用,而且在合金的二次加热过程中对晶粒长大行为具有明显的抑制作用,从而对优化半固态组织提供了一种有效的方法.     

SIMA法制备半固态材料过程中球状晶粒粗化机制的研究

目的 提高半固态金属坯料的制备效率。方法 针对6061变形铝合金,提出了一种高效率的旋转锻造应变诱发法制备半固态材料的新工艺。通过比较不同半固态等温热处理条件下的微观组织,分析了等温热处理过程中旋转锻造材料微观组织的演变过程和粗化机制,获得了制备半固态6061铝合金材料的合理工艺参数。结果 当旋锻应变量为0.44时,在620~630 ℃保温5 min,晶粒尺寸为48.1~52.8 μm,晶粒形状系数为0.8~0.82;保温温度为620,630,640 ℃下球状晶粒长大速率分别为407.45,841.43,1038.03 μm³/s。结论 球状晶粒的平均晶粒尺寸随着保温时间增加和保温温度的升高而增大,球状晶粒的长大主要受到晶粒的合并长大和Ostwald熟化两种机制的共同作用,并且随着保温时间的增加,Ostwald熟化逐渐起主导作用;并且球状晶粒的粗化速率随着温度的升高而增加。     

镁合金ZK60-RE半固态坯的微观组织演变

采用常规铸造法和等径道角挤压分别制备了镁合金ZK60-RE半固态坯;用金相显微镜研究了2种半固态坯料在等温热处理过程中的微观组织演变.结果表明:与传统铸造方法制备的半固态坯相比,采用等径道角挤压制备的半固态坯的晶粒细小、圆整,适合于半固态成形.在等温热处理过程中,2种坯料晶粒粗化的机制是合并长大和Ostwald长大.铸...     

Phase-field Simulation of Microstructural Evolution during Preparation of Semi-solid Metal by Electromagnetic Stirring Method

In the process of preparation of semi-solid metal materials, a variety of factors would influence the preparing time and the morphology of non-dendritic microstructure. The aim of this work is using phase-field method to simulate non-dendritic growth during preparation of AI-4Cu-Mg semi-solid alloy by electromagnetic stirring method （EMS method）. Several factors such as the disturbance intensity, anisotropy, the thickness of the interface and the ratio of diffusivity in solid and liquid were considered. It is shown that decreasing the thickness of the interface results in more circular outline of particles, and increasing the diffusivity in solid can reduce degree of microsegregation. The disturbance intensity in the model can be connected with current intensity of stator or magnetic induction density impressed. Simulation results show that the larger the disturbance intensity or magnetic induction density, the more globular morphology the original phase in the matrix.     

Fe-C-Cr-V合金体系中球状VC颗粒原位生成及长大过程

采用原位反应铸造法制备了球状VC_P增强Fe-C-Cr-V合金基复合材料。利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱分析对该复合材料的微观组织进行观察。结果表明:在含V 7%的Fe-C-Cr-V合金熔体中,熔炼温度1680℃时VC开始形成,在1750℃左右可以得到比较理想的球状VC颗粒;保温时间短,VC球化不明显,保温时间过长,球状VC颗粒易长大;保温时间控制在5min,可得到理想的弥散分布的球状VC颗粒;向合金熔体中加入稀土或球化剂可以促进VC的球化。对合金体系中球状碳化物的形成机理也进行了探讨。     

ZCuSn10合金半固态流变挤压件显微组织的演变

采用常规铸造和转棒诱导形核法制备ZCuSn10合金,研究制浆工艺对ZCuSn10合金半固态挤压件显微组织的影响,并结合最佳工艺制备法兰件,分析法兰件内部组织的演变规律。结果表明,不同制浆工艺对ZCuSn10合金挤压件显微组织的影响不同,挤压件内部组织基本与浆料组织保持一致。利用转棒转速为500r/min制备的浆料挤压法兰件,可获得固液协同流动性良好的显微组织,试样压头处散热较快,微观组织以固相为主;试样中部及试样前段均为固液两相共存的颗粒状或近球状半固态显微组织。     

Structure and properties of AIMgSi1 alloy tailored for semi-solid forming

Thixoforming requires semi-solid slurries, which contain a high volume fraction of non-dendritic solid phase with special grain morphology. Volume fraction, geometry and connectivity of the solid -phase has to be kept within narrow limits. The paper illustrates the development of a new aluminium based wrought alloy AIMgSi1 alloy, adapted with barium, characterised by a microstructure which exhibits a low sensitivity towards fluctuations in process parameters resulting in improved mechanical properties of the alloy. The rheological behaviour of the new alloy by means of backward extrusion experiments is described, and an overview of the static and dynamic strength properties is given that can be achieved when the alloy is processed by means of the New Rheocasting process.     

Formation and Evolution of Non-dendritic Microstructures of Semi-solid Alloys Prepared by Shearing/Cooling Roll Process

The shearing/cooling roll （SCR） process was adopted to prepare semi-solid A2017 alloy. The formation and evolution of non-dendritic microstructures in semi-solid A2017 alloy were studied. It is shown that the microstructures of semi-solid billets transform from coarse dendrites into fine equiaxed grains as the pouring temperature of molten alloy decreases o.r roll-shoe cavity height is reduced. From the inlet to the exit of roll-shoe cavity, microstructure of semi-solid slurry near the shoe surface is in the order of coarse dendrites, degenerated dendrites or equiaxed grains, but fine equiaxed grains are near the roll surface. Microstructural evolution of semi-solid slurry prepared by SCR process is that the molten alloy nucleates and grows into dendrite firstly on the roll and shoe＇s surface. Under the shearing and stirring given by the rotating roll, the dendrites crush off and disperse into the melt. Under the shearing and stirring on semi-solid slurry with high volume fraction of solid, the dendrite arms fracture and form equiaxed grain microstructures.     

Effect of solidification conditions on deformation behaviour of semi-solid Sn-Pb alloys

The compressive behaviour of Sn-Pb alloys is studied with materials of conventionally dendritic structure and non-dendritic (rheocast) structure obtained through mechanical stirring during solidification. The alloys are found to deform similarly in the fully solid state but their behaviour becomes very different in the semi-solid range depending on the solidification mode. The holding time in the semi-solid state before compression also affects the mechanical properties: the influence of these two parameters is discussed in terms of the initial structure of the alloy and its evolution. Advantages of using semi-solid materials in metal forming processes are also presented.     

The formation mechanism of non-dendritic primary α–Al phase in semi-solid AlSi7Mg Alloy

In this paper, a process to make non-dendritic semi-solid AlSi₇Mg alloy by electromagnetic stirring and the temperature field of the stirred melt cooled is continuously investigated. It is proposed that a new kinetic factor for primary α-Al nucleation is that alow thermal gradient exists in the electromagnetically stirred melt, for which the primary dendrite arms and secondary dendrite arms are refined. The results also show that the root remelting of the secondary dendrite arms is an important mechanism of the primary α-Al refinement. Strong electromagnetic stirring greatly reduces the composition supercooling in the melt and eliminates the preferred growth of primary dendrite arms, therefore, many rosettes or spherical primary α-Al phase particles form finally.     

The formation mechanism of non-dendritic primary α-Al phase in semi-solid AlSi7Mg Alloy

In this paper, a process to make non-dendritic semi-solid AlSi₇Mg alloy by electromagnetic stirring and the temperature field of the stirred melt cooled is continuously investigated. It is proposed that a new kinetic factor for primary α-Al nucleation is that a low thermal gradient exists in the electromagnetically stirred melt, for which the primary dendrite arms and secondary dendrite arms are refined. The results also show that the root remelting of the secondary dendrite arms is an important mechanism of the primary α-Al refinement. Strong electromagnetic stirring greatly reduces the composition supercooling in the melt and eliminates the preferred growth of primary dendrite arms, therefore, many rosettes or spherical primary α-Al phase particles form finally.     

Magnesium rheocasting: a study of processing-microstructure interactions

The rheocasting solidification process has been applied in the production of AZ91D magnesium alloy. A batch-type rheocaster has been designed to produce rheocast ingots in an argon-covered, closed chamber system, under different processing conditions. Processing variables which were evaluated include shear rate, isothermal stirring time and volume fraction solid during isothermal stirring. A detailed examination was made of the resultant microstructure using three different techniques to reveal the rheocast structure: etching techniques, reheating at the isothermal stirring temperature and quenching, and scanning microscopy via backscattering techniques. Rheocasting yielded a non-dendritic structure, wherein the primary phase has a rosette-shaped morphology surrounded by a divorced eutectic. The evolution of the structure and the morphological changes which occur during processing are described. The uniformity in the primary particle size, as well as their sphericity, was increased by increasing the stirring time, or the shear rate, or by decreasing the stirring temperature (increasing the volume fraction solid present). Increasing the shear rate gave rise to a more efficient break-up of the dendritic structure. Porosity was present in the samples which was detrimental to the mechanical properties; however, the mechanical properties after extrusion were quite outstanding.