亚微米尺度氧化石墨烯的制备及增强聚酯复合材料

采用超声法制备了尺寸分布较窄的亚微米级的氧化石墨烯(GO),通过熔融共混法制备GO/聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)复合材料并注塑成型。结果表明,超声法成功制备了尺寸分布较窄的亚微米级的GO,利于在PET中分散。加入GO未改变复合材料的晶型结构,但能提高复合材料的结晶温度、结晶度和热变形温度,且复合材料的热稳定性不变。复合材料的力学性能随GO添加量的增加,先增大后减小。当GO的质量分数为0.05%时,PET复合材料的力学性能最佳。此时拉伸强度、拉伸模量和弯曲强度与纯PET相比,分别提升了26%,15%和22%。这种方法操作简单,较低的GO添加量就可达到较好的增强效果,不需要有机溶剂,有良好的大规模生产前景。     

氧化石墨烯纳米带与氧化石墨烯增强热塑性聚氨酯薄膜的制备及性能

利用纵向裂解多壁碳纳米管制备了氧化石墨烯纳米带,并采用溶液成型的方法制得氧化石墨烯纳米带-氧化石墨烯(GONRs-GO)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)复合材料薄膜。场发射扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析结果显示,GONRs与GO间相互剥离并均匀地分散在TPU基体中;氧气透过率(OTR)和力学性能测试表明,GONRs和GO具有协同增强TPU复合材料薄膜的阻隔和力学性能的作用。当GONRs和GO在TPU中添加量均为1.5%(质量分数)时,GONRs-GO/TPU复合材料薄膜的阻隔和力学性能达到最佳。相比于纯TPU薄膜,该GONRs-GO/TPU复合材料薄膜的OTR降低了83.94%,拉伸断裂强度、屈服强度、扯断伸长率则分别提高了59.28%,59.54%和15.0%。     

电纺聚酰亚胺/氧化石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜的制备及性能研究

采用静电纺丝技术制备了氧化石墨烯(GO)不同含量的聚酰亚胺/氧化石墨烯(PI/GO)复合纳米纤维膜,并研究其结构、表面润湿性、热氧化特性、力学性能和过滤性能。结果表明,添加GO有利于纳米纤维的直径分布趋于均匀,在GO用量为0.5%(wt,质量分数)条件下,PI/GO复合纳米纤维膜平均纤维直径最小为(231±36)nm,孔隙率高达89.61%,拉伸强度为14.43MPa,杨氏模量为1.36GPa,断裂伸长率为10.84%,热氧化稳定性较纯PI纳米纤维膜提高了15℃,过滤效率最高达到96.5%,较纯PI纳米纤维膜提高了8%。添加GO能有效提高PI/GO复合纳米纤维膜的疏水性、力学性能及热氧化稳定性。     

原位聚合氧化石墨烯/聚氨酯复合材料及其性能研究

将氧化石墨烯(GO)通过超声破碎的方法分散在丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯(PMA)中,采用逐步原位聚合的方法将GO参与聚氨酯(PU)的合成反应。将GO片层状态接枝到PU链段当中,制得PU/GO复合材料,并对复合材料的结构进行了表征。实验结果表明:GO与PU进行交联反应并且在基体内分散均匀,在GO添加量为7份条件下,制得的PU/GO复合材料的断裂伸长率达到49.0%,拉伸强度达到28.0MPa,储能模量达到5.08MPa(在130℃条件下),交联密度达到5.05×10~(-4) mol/cm~3,300℃时失重率达到60%,48h吸水率仅为0.3%,具有较好的力学性能、热稳定性能和耐水性能。     

纳米纤维素/氧化石墨烯/碳纳米管复合薄膜的制备及表征

以纳米纤维素(CNF)为分散介质,氧化石墨烯(GO)为增强介质,多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)为导电介质,机械搅拌后真空抽滤制备CNF/GO/MWNT复合薄膜,研究GO/MWNT含量对复合薄膜性能的影响,采用红外、Raman光谱、扫描电镜、透射电镜对薄膜的结构和形貌进行表征,采用动态力学分析、热重分析和电导率测试研究薄膜的力学性能、热性能和电性能。结果表明,薄膜的拉伸强度随GO含量的增加先增加后减小,薄膜电导率和耐热性随MWNT用量增加而增加,当CNF/GO/MWNT质量比为20/10/70时,复合薄膜性能最佳,薄膜的电导率达到236.07 S/m,拉伸强度为25.13 MPa,180~300℃区间材料的热失重为9.45%,最大热分解速率对应温度达到322.69℃。扫描电镜、透射电镜结果表明,GO在材料内部呈现规整结构,CNF能有效分散GO/MWNT,形成均匀分散液。     

纳米氧化锌负载氧化石墨烯/环氧树脂复合材料性能研究

氧化石墨烯(GO)和纳米氧化锌(ZnO)具有优异的性能,但在环氧树脂中容易出现团聚现象,为解决这一问题,必须对其进行表面改性。以七水合硫酸锌为原料,将ZnO负载到GO表面,通过FT-IR,XRD,SEM,EDS,TG和接触角测试,纳米ZnO均匀分散在GO基体上,并可以在不改变GO片层结构的条件下,改善GO的团聚问题的同时降低GO的亲水性。然后将ZnO负载GO与环氧树脂制备纳米ZnO负载GO/环氧复合材料。结果表明:纳米ZnO负载GO/环氧复合材料力学性能和热稳定性明显提高,当ZnO/GO加入量为0.250%(质量分数)时复合材料综合性能最佳,拉伸强度、拉伸模量、断裂伸长率和冲击强度分别比纯环氧树脂提高了99.87%,12.09%,98.35%和151.48%,吸水率比纯环氧树脂降低了81.48%。     

包裹氧化石墨烯的PMMA微球改性环氧树脂研究

自制聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微球和氧化石墨烯(GO),将GO包裹在PMMA微球上,用包裹了GO的PMMA微球改性环氧树脂,包裹在PMMA微球上的GO更容易在环氧树脂中分散,能显著提高环氧树脂的导热性;利用包裹GO的PMMA微球制备的环氧树脂复合材料拉伸强度和拉伸模量在GO质量分数为0.5%时具有最大值,弯曲强度和弯曲模量随GO含量的增加而减小。     

PBS/氧化石墨烯复合薄膜的制备与性能

目的利用氧化石墨烯(GO)为填料制备聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)的增强复合薄膜材料。方法以生物可降解材料PBS为基体,以GO为纳米增强相,首先用双十二烷基二甲基溴化胺(DDAB)对GO进行修饰,进而通过溶液复合法制备PBS/GO复合薄膜,并对其力学性能、结晶熔融行为和热稳定性进行表征。结果力学性能测试表明,在GO质量分数为0.1%时,复合薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率较纯PBS分别提高了37%和25%,但是随着GO含量的继续增加,其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都呈现出下降趋势;热行为分析表明,GO的加入使PBS的熔融温度和结晶温度均有所提高,结晶度有所下降,但GO对PBS的热稳定性并无明显影响。结论适量GO的加入有利于改善PBS生物降解材料的力学性能和结晶熔融行为。     

氧化石墨烯/酚醛树脂原位复合材料的热性能和动态力学性能

采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),通过超声分散与苯酚、甲醛进行原位聚合,将所得原位聚合树脂与其它填料一起通过辊炼、模压成型制备GO/酚醛树脂(PF)原位复合材料。研究GO含量对GO/PF原位复合材料的热性能、力学性能、动态力学性能、蠕变和应力松弛的影响,使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察复合材料的冲击断面形貌。研究结果表明,当GO加入量为1%时,GO/PF原位复合树脂的初始热分解温度比纯酚醛树脂(PF)提高了55.8℃;当GO加入量为0.25%时,GO/PF原位复合材料的冲击强度提高18.6%;当GO加入量为0.5%时,GO/PF原位复合材料的储能模量比纯PF复合材料提高78.3%,Tg提高了8.9℃。SEM观察发现,GO/PF原位复合材料的冲击断面凹凸不平,表明GO的加入能有效提高PF复合材料的力学性能。     

无卤固态芳香族磷酸酯阻燃的聚碳酸酯

将无卤固态芳香族磷酸酯(SDP)用于阻燃聚碳酸酯(PC),研究了其对PC阻燃性能、力学性能、热分解行为及灼烧残炭的影响。实验结果表明,SDP对PC有较高的阻燃效率,添加量为6%时,可使PC达UL94V-0级(1.6 mm),LOI近35%。此外,SDP能提高PC的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、拉伸模量、弯曲模量及添加量小于4%的断裂伸长率。热失重-红外联用(TG-IR)数据表明,SDP可提前并加速PC的交联成炭,但不能提高PC的成炭率。     

Vetiver–polypropylene composites: Physical and mechanical properties

Injection molded vetiver–polypropylene (PP) composites at various ratios of vetiver content and vetiver length were prepared. When compared to PP, vetiver–PP composites exhibited higher tensile strength and Young’s modulus but lower elongation at break and impact strength. An increase in vetiver content led to an increase in viscosity, heat distortion temperature, crystallization temperature, and Young’s modulus of the composites. On the other hand, the decomposition temperature, tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength decreased with increasing vetiver content. The chemical treatment of the vetiver grass improved the mechanical properties of the composites.     

微纤化纤维素/线性低密度聚乙烯复合材料

微纤化纤维素（MFC）具有优良的力学性能,常被用作增强体制备复合材料,但MFC容易团聚影响其增强能力。本研究对MFC进行低温冷冻干燥处理（FDMFC）,用微型锥形双螺杆挤出机将FDMFC与线性低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE）熔融复合,并用热压-冷压的方式制备FDMFC/LLDPE复合材料,对其力学性能、动态热力学性能（DMA）、热分解过程及冷冻干燥处理的FDMFC在LLDPE基体中的分散状态进行了测试。结果表明:相对于未冷冻干燥处理的MFC,FDMFC在LLDPE基体中的分散性得到明显改善,添加一定量的FDMFC可有效提高FDMFC/LLDPE复合材料的力学性能。当FDMFC的添加量为10wt%时,相较于纯LLDPE,FDMFC/LLDPE复合材料的拉伸强度提高了60.3%,杨氏模量提高了161.9%。DMA测试结果表明,随着FDMFC含量的增加,FDMFC/LLDPE复合材料的储能模量和损耗模量都有所提高。热重分析结果表明,FDMFC的加入提高了FDMFC/LLDPE复合材料的热解温度,最大热解温度提高了14℃。      

Mechanical behaviour of PVC/CaCO3 Particulate Composites – Influence of Temperature

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the study of temperature influence on Young’s modulus, ultimate strength and fracture toughness properties of PVC/CaCO₃ particulate composites with different volume fractions. The tests were performed in three‐ and four‐point bending. The resonant technique was also used to analyse the influence of both volume fraction and temperature on Young’s modulus. Significant decrease of ultimate strength, fracture toughness and Young’s modulus was observed with the increase of the temperature. Ultimate strength decreases with the increase of particle volume fraction at room temperature. For the other temperatures, this decreasing trend is less clear. PVC/CaCO₃ flexural Young’s modulus calculated for a much lower loading segment increases with volume fraction. The same trend was obtained using the resonant technique. However, as the loading segment used to calculate the Young’s modulus was increased a significant decrease of Young’s modulus was obtained as a result of a progressive debonding at the particle‐matrix interface. A 2D simplified FE simulation also confirms such trend. The dependence of Young’s modulus relatively to the loading segment increases as the volume fraction is increased, leading to composite Young’s modulus below matrix value for higher volume fractions and higher loading segments. Fracture toughness decreases with volume fraction.     

The effect of heat treatment temperature and time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of PAN-based carbon fibers

The influence of heat treatment temperature from 1400 to 2840 °C and time from 1.2 to 12.0 min on the structure and mechanical properties of polyacrylonitrile carbon fibers was studied. It was observed that the Young’s modulus increased with increasing temperature and time, but the tensile strength exhibited different variation trends with the different processing methods. For a fixed time of 1.2 min, the strength dropped from 4.6 GPa at 1400 °C to 2.6 GPa at 2840 °C, (~43.5 %) as opposed to a 63.9 % increase in Young’s modulus. However, when the treatment time was increased to 6.0 min at 2500 °C, the tensile strength decreased only by 1.9 %, from 3.71 to 3.64 GPa, versus a nearly 20.0 % increase in Young’s modulus. The same situation was found for treatment at 2000 and 2700 °C. Raman spectroscopy and uniform stress model analysis show that the degree of covalent cross-linking between the graphene planes decreased as temperature increased, while it remained almost constant as treatment time was increased. It is believed that during heat treatment of a carbon fiber, the cross-linking collapses at the beginning but the crystalline size keeps growing with prolonging time, so the tensile strength decreases little with further heat treatment while tensile modulus keeps increasing.     

Modeling and mechanical performance of carbon nanotube/epoxy resin composites

The effect of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) addition on mechanical properties of epoxy resin was investigated to obtain the tensile strength, compressive strength and Young’s modulus from load versus displacement graphs. The result shows that the tensile strength, compressive strength and Young’s modulus of epoxy resin were increased with the addition of MWCNT fillers. The significant improvements in tensile strength, compressive strength and Young’s modulus were obtained due to the excellent dispersion of MWCNT fillers in the epoxy resin. The dispersion of MWCNT fillers in epoxy resin was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis.Also, Halpin–Tsai model was modified by considering the average diameter of internal/external of multi-walled nanotube and orientation factor (α) to calculate the Young’s modulus of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/epoxy resin composite. There was a good correlation between the experimentally obtained Young’s modulus and modified Halpin–Tsai model.     

Graphene oxides nanosheets mediation of poly(vinyl alcohol) films in tuning their structural and opto-mechanical attributes

Herein, we report successful incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix by employing solution casting method. The effect of GO loadings on structural, optical and mechanical properties of PVA films was investigated. Most of the optical properties of such films are reported for the first time in the present study. On incorporating GO nanosheets into PVA matrix, the properties of nanocomposites were changed entirely. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of nanocomposites were enhanced. Alongside, a variation in absorption edge, direct/indirect band gap, Urbach energy, refractive index, optical dielectric constant, optical conductivity and dispersion parameters were noticed. The band gap and dispersion parameters were calculated using Tauc’s and Wemple–DiDomenico models, respectively. Helpin–Tsai and mixture rule models were employed to calculate Young’s modulus. The applied models reinforced the experimental results in the present study. Advanced analytical techniques were employed to characterize the nanocomposites films. The prepared nanocomposites might be used in designing the opto-electronic devices.     

Improvement in tensile properties of PVC–montmorillonite nanocomposites through controlled uniaxial stretching

In this paper we present the results exhibiting an improvement in the tensile properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)?Cmontmorillonite nanocomposites through uniaxial stretching. The clay was dispersed in PVC matrix with the help of dodecylamine. PVC?Cmontmorillonite nanocomposites films containing varying amounts of clay (0?C5%) were produced through solution elution technique. The films were stretched uniaxially at a constant temperature of 80?°C in three different steps using controlled loads. X-ray diffraction and stress?Cstrain curves were obtained for both unstretched and stretched films in order to determine the improvement in various properties. The controlled uniaxial stretching of films close to the softening temperature of PVC has resulted in enhancement in the degree of crystallinity in the nanocomposites. This improvement in the structural order has also imparted increase in tensile strength and Young??s modulus of the nanocomposite films.     

Enhanced stress transfer and thermal properties of polyimide composites with covalent functionalized reduced graphene oxide

This work prepares (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS)-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (APTMS-rGO)/polyimide (PI) composite (APTMS-rGO/PI) through in-situ polymerization. NH₂-functionalized rGO coupled by APTMS demonstrates the good reinforced efficiency in mechanical and thermal properties, which is ascribed to the covalent-functionalized PI matrix by APTMS-rGO sheets. The uniform dispersion of APTMS-rGO increases the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the thermal decomposition temperature (Td), exhibiting 21.7 °C and 44 °C improvements, respectively. The tensile strength of the composites with 0.3 wt% APTMS-rGO is 31% higher than that of neat PI, and Young’s modulus is 35% higher than that of neat PI. Raman spectroscopy show the obvious G band shift, and also clearly demonstrates the enhanced interfacial interaction between rGO nanofillers and PI matrix. The high mechanical property of the APTMS-rGO/PI composites is attributed to the covalent functionalized GO by NH₂ groups and its good dispersion in comparison with GO.     

TiO2增强桉木/聚氯乙烯复合材料耐腐蚀性能

为改善桉木/聚氯乙烯（PVC）复合材料耐霉菌（黑曲霉）腐蚀性能,添加TiO₂制备TiO₂-桉木/PVC复合材料,并对复合材料进行霉菌加速腐蚀试验（加速腐蚀条件:温度为28℃,湿度为85%）。对比研究了腐蚀前后TiO₂-桉木/PVC复合材料的色差、力学和吸水性能及官能团、微观形貌和热稳定性变化。结果表明:TiO₂可提高桉木/PVC复合材料的耐霉菌腐蚀性能,TiO₂添加量为2wt%时,TiO₂-桉木/PVC复合材料腐蚀后表观霉菌相对较少,色差值和吸水率较未添加TiO₂的桉木/PVC复合材料分别降低了69.32%和13.33%;拉伸、冲击及弯曲强度、弯曲模量分别提高了31.17%、39.44%、40.75%、10.99%;2wt% TiO₂-桉木/PVC复合材料热分解各阶段失重温度较高,热稳定性较好;TiO₂添加量较高时会影响桉木纤维与PVC的界面结合,致使TiO₂-桉木/PVC复合材料更易受到霉菌的腐蚀。      

Tensile mechanical properties and surface chemical sensitivity of technical fibres from date palm fruit branches (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

The paper describes the manufacturing process and the characterization of the tensile mechanical properties of treated and untreated palm dates long technical fibres. The fibres extracted from Fruit Bunch Branch of Palm Date (FBBPD) have been subjected to alkaline treatment with different NaOH concentrations at room temperature. The experimental results show that the chemical technical fibre treatments provide an increase of the mechanical properties (tensile strength and Young’s modulus) under quasi-static tensile loading. A specific treatment leads a threefold increase of the failure stress. An analysis of stress at failure has been performed over a population of 630 samples using Weibull statistics with two and three-parameters, together with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). FBBPD technical fibres show stiffness and strength performance comparable to the ones of agave Americana L fibres, and higher failure at strength than okra fibres.