Experiment and Simulation of Breakage of Particle Compounds under Compressive Loading

ABSTRACT

Two-dimensional finite element (FE) compressive stress analyses were carried out on the particle compound material to understand the stress pattern distributions before cracking. FE analysis was followed by discrete element (DE) simulation. A study of the crack propagating mechanism in a particle was represented by a model material that typifies pellets of high-strength pressed agglomerate building materials. For this, concrete spheres of strength category B35 (compressive strength 35 N/mm²) were used. It was observed that the ring tensile stress is responsible for the crack initiation in the spherical particle compounds.     

不同加载速率下CA砂浆的抗压性能试验

通过CA砂浆在不同加载速率下的单轴抗压试验,研究CA砂浆在高频荷载冲击等复杂外界条件下的抗压性能,分析了CA砂浆试件破坏模式、应力应变关系、抗压强度和弹性模量的变化规律,并根据试验结果建立了CA砂浆在不同加载速率下的应力应变关系。结果表明:CA砂浆的抗压强度和弹性模量随加载速率增大而增大;根据试验和理论曲线的对比结果,提出的应力应变模型能够合理地描述CA砂浆在不同加载速率下的应力应变关系。     

爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土梁非线性有限元分析

利用大型通用有限无软件ANSYS对钢筋混凝土梁在爆炸荷载作用下的动力响应进行数值模拟 ,其中混凝土采用ANSYS软件中特有的SOLID65单元类型和专门的材料模型CONCRETE ,钢筋采用LINK8杆单元和随动硬化双线性弹塑性 (KinematicHardeningBilinearPlasticity)模型来实现 ,并与Suidan和Schnobrich[1] 的方法进行比较 ,计算结果与Suidan和Schnobrich预示的响应十分吻合。     

Analytical and Numerical Solution of the Stress Field and the Dynamic Stress Intensity Factors in a Cracked Plate under Sinusoidal Loading

A cracked plate subjected to a sinusoidal loading perpendicular to its plane is considered, and the analytical solution of the dynamic vibration behavior of a plate, which allowed the determination of the stress field near the crack tip, is developed. A mixed mode of loading near the crack tip has been established and described with dynamic stress intensity factors K _I (z,t) and K _II (z,t) associated with modes I and II crack openings, respectively. To validate the analytical results, a finite element analysis (FEA) of a 1 × 1 m square plate with a thickness of 1 cm, having a middle crack of 10 cm in length, is made. The results have shown significant agreement between analytical and FEA findings.     

瓦楞纸箱抗压性能试验研究

简单阐述了瓦楞纸箱抗压强度计算的若干公式。依据国家标准对若干种规格的瓦楞纸箱进行了抗压试验;使用所列公式对其抗压强度进行了计算,并对二者的结果进行了比较和分析研究。结果表明,纸箱在其他规格相同的条件下,高度为400mm、长宽比为1.6左右、周边长为1 600mm左右,这3个条件达到其中之一时,瓦楞纸箱的抗压强度较好;除Kellicutt公式外公式计算值与实测值相比过于保守,对实际生产参考意义有限。认为纸箱的设计生产有必要参考最优的尺寸数据进行。     

压-压疲劳加载对2D-C/C复合材料导热性能的影响

对二维编织炭/炭复合材料(2D-C/C复合材料)进行压-压疲劳试验,疲劳加载条件分别为应力水平1000 N、2000 N和3000 N,循环周次为10~4、1×10~5、3×10~5次时,并测试其疲劳加载前后试样的导热性能,研究了压-压疲劳加载对其导热性能的影响.结果表明,压-压疲劳加载没有改变2D-C/C复合材料试样的热扩散系数随温度升高而减小以及比热容随温度升高而增大的基本规律,但是压-压疲劳加载使其热导率、热扩散系数随着应力水平和循环周次的增大而降低,而其比热容的变化较小.在压-压疲劳加载过程中,2D-C/C复合材料疲劳损伤的产生和积累导致其导热性能降低.     

岛津离心粒度分析仪测量模式的比较

分别对沉降式离心粒度分析仪的自然沉降与混合沉降以及混合沉降与离心沉降进行了比较试验,结果表明,当最大粒径值达到混合沉降测量模式的上限,即临界粒径值时,应对两种测量模式进行比较试验,才能从中选出最佳测量模式;对超细粉体而言,4μm以下的颗粒才适合选用离心沉降模式,最大粒径大于4μm时,应用混合沉降模式测量。     

高强混凝土材料细观冻融损伤与抗压强度的关系

为研究高强混凝土冻融损伤机理及其与抗压强度之间的关系,采用RapidAir结合金相显微镜的方法,实现对混凝土细观冻融损伤的连续观察,探究了细观结构对冻融的敏感程度以及细观破坏对宏观破坏的影响规律.结果表明:对高强混凝土而言,较低的含气量和较大的气泡间隔系数并不意味着较差的抗冻性;孔隙群的冻融响应敏感,且微裂缝出现较早,该区域的缺陷增长能与冻融前期混凝土抗压强度线性下降很好地对应,但此时混凝土的抗压强度下降并不明显;相对孤立的孔和砂浆与粗骨料的界面过渡区较不敏感,这些区域出现损伤后,混凝土的抗压强度逐渐非线性下降,预示着混凝土即将冻碎.     

高强混凝土材料细观冻融损伤与抗压强度的关系

为研究高强混凝土冻融损伤机理及其与抗压强度之间的关系,采用RapidAir结合金相显微镜的方法,实现对混凝土细观冻融损伤的连续观察,探究了细观结构对冻融的敏感程度以及细观破坏对宏观破坏的影响规律。结果表明:对高强混凝土而言,较低的含气量和较大的气泡间隔系数并不意味着较差的抗冻性;孔隙群的冻融响应敏感,且微裂缝出现较早,该区域的缺陷增长能与冻融前期混凝土抗压强度线性下降很好地对应,但此时混凝土的抗压强度下降并不明显;相对孤立的孔和砂浆与粗骨料的界面过渡区较不敏感,这些区域出现损伤后,混凝土的抗压强度逐渐非线性下降,预示着混凝土即将冻碎。     

重型夹芯纸板侧压强度数值仿真分析

目的对典型重型夹芯纸板结构的侧向抗压强度进行精确的对比分析,为合理应用夹芯纸板提供依据。方法利用有限元软件Ansys分别建立蜂窝纸板及AAB型重型瓦楞纸板大尺寸规格试样的数值模型,并基于屈曲分析准则对重型瓦楞纸板纵向及蜂窝纸板2个侧向抗压强度进行研究。结果在选材、用纸量及试样尺寸规格大小相同的情况下,蜂窝纸板2个方向的侧压强度均高于AAB型重型瓦楞纸板的边压强度。结论仿真分析对蜂窝纸板和AAB型重型瓦楞纸板的选材、材料用量及尺寸规格进行了严格控制,消除了重型瓦楞纸板和蜂窝纸板的材质、耗纸量、试样尺寸规格、试样加工工艺及环境条件等因素的变化对分析结果产生的影响。     

再生骨料透水混凝土的透水性和抗压强度

为系统掌握再生骨料透水混凝土的制备和性能变化规律,采用实验手段研究了再生骨料透水混凝土的透水性能和抗压强度。参考一般混凝土试验方法,分析在不同骨料粒径组合下原生骨料透水混凝土透水性能和抗压强度的差异。在此基础上,选择透水性能和抗压强度均较优的骨料粒径组合,在其中加入再生骨料,探究不同再生骨科取代率对再生骨料透水混凝土透水性能和抗压强度的影响以及透水系数与抗压强度间的相关性。结果表明:(1)对于采用的粒径组合(10 mm+20 mm),再生骨料透水混凝土的抗压强度较原生骨料透水混凝土高,当取代率不超过50%时,其抗压强度随取代量的增加而增大,但当取代率超过50%时,其抗压强度则有所下降;(2)再生骨料透水混凝土的透水性能较原生骨料透水混凝土好,透水系数随取代量的增加会有30%~195%的增幅;(3)与原生骨料透水混凝土抗压强度随透水系数增加持续下降变化不同,再生骨料透水混凝土的抗压强度随透水系数的增加会呈先上升后下降的变化。     

磷肥副产白炭黑的粒径分析

为确定磷肥副产白炭黑粒径及其分布,主要考察表面活性剂及其添加量、超声时间、循环速率、遮光率等影响因素,采用响应曲面法,建立遮光率的回归模型,优化得到最佳分散效果的测定条件。结果表明:磷肥副产白炭黑粒径分析的测定条件为:分散剂为三聚磷酸钠,添加量约0.25 mL,超声时间为3 min,循环速率为1 600 r/min,遮光率为30%。所测磷肥副产白炭黑的粒径为中位径d50=(9.52±0.06)μm。     

Fatigue life prediction of fiber reinforced concrete under flexural load

This paper presents a semi-analytical method to predict fatigue behavior in flexure of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) based on the equilibrium of force in the critical cracked section. The model relies on the cyclic bridging law, the so-called stress–crack width relationship under cyclic tensile load as the fundamental constitutive relationship in tension. The numerical results in terms of fatigue crack length and crack mouth opening displacement as a function of load cycles are obtained for given maximum and minimum flexure load levels. Good correlation between experiments and the model predictions is found. Furthermore, the minimum load effect on the fatigue life of beams under bending load, which has been studied experimentally in the past, is simulated and a mechanism-based explanation is provided in theory. This basic analysis leads to the conclusion that the fatigue performance in flexure of FRC materials is strongly influenced by the cyclic stress–crack width relationship within the fracture zone. The optimum fatigue behavior of FRC structures in bending can be achieved by optimising the bond properties of aggregate–matrix and fiber–matrix interfaces.     

近场爆炸时混凝土桥墩的动力响应分析

为研究爆炸荷载作用时混凝土桥墩的动力响应,基于爆炸基本理论,开展近爆作用下混凝土桥墩的数值模拟与破坏模式研究,并通过方柱墩与圆柱墩对比、墩柱配筋方式与爆心位置变化等分析墩柱底部的水平位移和水平速度时程变化,进而研究墩柱的抗爆性能与破坏形态。研究结果表明:同等条件下圆形墩柱的抗爆能力要优于方形墩柱;爆炸荷载作用下墩柱纵向主筋的配置可改变墩柱的破坏形态,且墩柱底部的抗剪能力主要靠纵向主筋提供,箍筋的抗爆作用有限;近场爆炸时地基对墩柱底部的约束作用明显,进行墩柱抗爆设计时,可以结合基于性能的抗震理论实现墩柱底部的塑性铰设计。     

Characterization of Loading Rate Effects on the Interactions between Crack Growth and Inclusions in Cementitious Material

The microcapsule-enabled cementitious material is an appealing building material and it has been attracting increasing research interest. By considering microcapsules as dissimilar inclusions in the material, this paper employs the discrete element method (DEM) to study the effects of loading rates on the fracturing behavior of cementitious specimens containing the inclusion and the crack. The numerical model was first developed and validated based on experimental results. It is then used to systematically study the initiation, the propagation and the coalescence of cracks in inclusion-enabled cementitious materials. The study reveals that the crack propagation speed, the first crack initiation stress, the coalescence stress, the compressive strength and the ultimate strain increase with the loading rate. The initiation position, the propagation direction, the cracking length and the type of the initiated cracks are influenced by the loading rates. Two new crack coalescence patterns are observed. It is easier to cause the coalescence between the circular void and a propagating crack at a slow loading rate than at a fast loading rate.     

废旧橡胶颗粒对混凝土强度的影响及界面分析

以旧轮胎橡胶颗粒等体积取代混凝土中的砂子,取代量分别为砂子体积的5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、40%、50%、60%、80%、100%.研究了混凝土抗压强度随取代量的增加的变化规律.用显微硬度方法测试了橡胶颗粒与水泥基体界面过渡区的结构,并与石子水泥界面过渡区的结构进行了比较.发现随橡胶颗粒取代砂子量的增加,混凝土的抗压强度降低,体积取代量小于25%时,抗压强度降低较快;而取代量在25%～50%之间时,强度降低较为缓慢;取代量大于50%时,抗压强度又较快降低.显微硬度测试表明石子与水泥基体界面过渡区范围在85μm左右,而橡胶水泥基体界面过渡区范围在130μm左右,而且在橡胶颗粒周围45μm左右范围无法测得显微硬度,扫描电镜分析证明,橡胶颗粒与水泥基体间存在孔隙.     

不同冲击载荷下水中砼破坏机理的初步研究

在水中爆炸冲击载荷的作用下,混凝土的动态响应和破坏模型与在地面上有很大的不同,加载应用率大小和作用历史对混凝土破坏历程有着更复杂的影响,冲击超压不是决定发生破坏的唯一因素,对此采用不同种类炸药,进行不同压力峰值和作用历史的爆炸载荷冲击实验,并初步提出了水中混凝土的动态破坏模型,给出了混凝土材料的临界破坏条件。     

高吸水树脂对混凝土水化及强度的影响

高吸水树脂(Super-absorbent polymer,SAP)作为混凝土内养护材料可有效抑制混凝土自收缩,提高混凝土抗裂性,但其对混凝土是否具有负面影响有待研究。利用XRD和DTA-TG研究了不同SAP掺量净浆在不同养护龄期的水化产物量,并测试其抗压强度,定量分析高吸水树脂对混凝土水化和强度的影响。实验结果表明:掺加SAP会延缓混凝土早期(0~7d)的水化反应,降低混凝土的抗压强度,但对混凝土中后期(7~28d)水化的进行及强度发展的影响不大。当高吸水树脂的掺量为1kg/m~3(占胶凝材料的质量分数为0.2%)和1.5kg/m~3(占胶凝材料的质量分数为0.3%)时,混凝土28d抗压强度可达基准组的100%和96%,56d抗压强度可达基准组的107%和96%。针对C50混凝土,推荐掺量为1kg/m~3。     

Simulation of Charged Particle Trajectories in the Neutron Decay Correlation Experiment abBA

The proposed neutron decay correlation experiment, abBA, will directly detect the direction of emission of decay protons and electrons as well as providing spectroscopic information for both particles. In order to provide this information, the abBA experiment incorporates spatially varying electric and magnetic fields. We report on detailed simulations of the decay particle trajectories in order to assess the impact of various systematic effects on the experimental observables. These include among others; adiabaticity of particle orbits, tracking of orbits, reversal of low energy protons due to inhomogeneous electric field, and accuracy of proton time of flight measurements. Several simulation methods were used including commercial software (Simion), custom software, as well as analytical tools based on the use of adiabatic invariants. Our results indicate that the proposed field geometry of the abBA spectrometer will be substantially immune to most systematic effects and that transport calculations using adiabatic invariants agree well with solution of the full equations of motion.     

含脱粘损伤的复合材料加筋板压缩破坏渐进损伤数值分析

本文提出了基于连续损伤力学的复合材料层合加筋壁板渐进损伤分析模型。该模型采用界面单元模拟筋条和壁板之间的连接界面,连接界面和复合材料层板分别采用Quads准则和Hashin准则作为失效判据,基于内嵌连续损伤状态变量的材料刚度退化方案,采用非线性有限元方法,研究了复合材料加筋壁板在压缩载荷下的破坏过程,分析了结构相应失效模式的细观失效机理。数值分析结果与实验数据吻合较好,证明该方法的合理性和有效性,并详细探讨了界面单元关键参数和层板铺设角度对加筋壁板结构力学响应的影响规律,得到了一些富有价值的结论。