三维肋管空预器在热处理炉中的应用实践

介绍了采用新型的高效节能换热元件三维肋管制造的空气预热器在热处理炉中回收烟气余热的应用实例,分析指出:空气预热器的传热系数为55 W/(m2·℃),约为光管换热器的2倍,所需传热面积将减少一半,有利于紧凑布置;空气预热温度可达400℃以上,天然气节能率约为14％,经济效益显著.     

焦炉荒煤气上升管余热回收换热器换热特性研究

为了研究焦炉荒煤气上升管余热回收换热器的换热特性,建立新型荒煤气余热回收换热器的换热数学模型。基于所建的焦炉荒煤气余热回收换热器换热模型对其换热特性与动态调节特性进行初步理论研究。获得了荒煤气流量、导热油流量与填料层有效热导率对换热器换热特性的影响规律与不同荒煤气上升管出口设定温度下,导热油流量及其出口温度随荒煤气流量的变化规律。所的结果对焦炉荒煤气余热回收换热器换热特性的认识及换热器的设计、动态调节具有重要的指导意义。     

干式粒化熔渣余热初次回收实验研究

鉴于目前高炉渣显热不能得到有效的回收利用,以空气和水为换热介质,进行了干式粒化高炉渣显热的回收实验,研究了熔渣质量流量和空气体积流量对空气预热温度、水预热温度和余热回收率的影响.实验结果表明：随着熔渣质量的增加,空气预热温度和水预热温度均增加,同时余热回收率减小;当空气流量的增加时,虽然空气和水的预热温度都降低,但余热回收率升高.     

新型高效板式空气预热器在冶金步进加热炉的应用

冶金步进加热炉基本采用列管式换热器进行高温烟气余热回收,但列管式换热器换热效率低、积灰严重、回收温度低,烟气余热利用程度有限。板式换热器具有传热系数高、结构紧凑、占地面积小的优点。专门针对冶金加热炉开发了全焊接结构的新型高效板式换热器,根据不同现场条件,在设计阶段通过采用不同强化板型结构,调节板间距离、叠加厚度来达到最优的换热效果。梅山钢铁公司实施新型高效板式换热器代替列管式换热器改造,相对于改造前空气预热温度提高了平均100℃,一年最高为加热炉节约1907.1万标方煤气,产生经济效益801万元,在冶金加热炉节能减排领域起到了示范作用。     

热泵回收电厂循环水余热预热凝结水的经济性分析

针对汽轮机排汽造成大量余热浪费以及一定量循环水损失的问题,基于热泵余热回收再利用技术,利用吸收式热泵系统取代8号加热器的抽汽,建立了热泵回收循环水余热来预热凝结水的物理模型和数学模型。以N300-16.67/537/537机组为例,对机组进行了经济性分析和计算。结果表明,系统改造后年增加收益为160.7万元,4年内可回收投资,净现值(NPV)指标为738,具有良好的经济效益与环境效益,为以后火电机组余热回收的研究提供了参考。     

油页岩干馏装置循环冷却水余热回收利用

分析了某石化公司油页岩干馏系统加热炉、冷却塔等装置循环冷却水余热回收潜力,指出回收该部分余热具有较好的环境效益和经济效益。提出了该部分余热的回收利用方案,即采用BR型板式换热器对循环水进行换热回收。介绍了BR型板式换热器结构与特点。方案实施后,节约了采暖用蒸汽180t／d,减少软化水外排量约60t／d,节约费用约140万元。     

锅炉排烟余热回收器的设计参数优化模型

在锅炉尾部烟道中加装余热回收器，可以降低排烟温度，进而降低煤耗率，该文以６７０ｔ／ｈ锅炉为例，通过对余热回收器１０个受热面积方案的换热计算，系统热力计算和技术经济指标计算，并以资金净现值最大为优化目标，得出了余热回收器的最优受热面积与负煤比价，运行寿命，机组年发电量之间的函数关系式。     

新颖高效节能设备——复合式相变换热器问世

由江苏工学院与镇江市地质通用机械厂共同研制的烟气余热回收装置一一复合式相变换热器已通过了江苏省科委主持的技术鉴定,并申请了中国专刊.复合式相变换热器由空气预热和相变换热器两部分组成.它利用锅炉废气的余热预热空气,还可提供70-80℃的热水.与普通省煤器、热管换热器和真空变相换热器相比,复合式相变换热器由于采用独特的结构形式和传热机理,并运用优化设计,使该设备的重量、尺寸大幅度下降,     

新建炼厂设计阶段提高加热炉热效率的措施

在炼油加工过程中,加热炉是能耗大户.对新建炼厂,在设计阶段提高加热炉热效率,对节能减排有重要意义.在设计过程中,采取燃料气脱硫等措施以降低排烟温度、降低空气过刹系数和漏风量等措施以降低过剩空气量、优化设计加热炉衬里以降低散热损失、优化余热回收系统方案和控制方案以提高烟气余热利用率和操作稳定性、利用装置废热预热助燃空气,...     

高效板式空气预热器在轧钢加热炉余热回收中的应用

某轧钢加热炉采用管式空气预热器预热空气时,存在空气预热温度低,煤气预热温度频繁超高温报警的情况.通过应用高效板式空气预热器,并对燃烧控制系统进行适应性优化后,排烟温度得到显著降低,余热回收效率高,节能效果好.     

间歇式热处理炉传热计算与分析

建立了台车式热处理炉炉膛传热数学模型和辐射换热器工作模型,分析了换热器的传热特性（空气预热温度、壁温、传热系数）随炉况的变化。结果表明,辐射换热器的传热特性随炉子的升温及保温过程变化而波动很大,因而对炉子的热工性能产生了影响。     

Determining the best type of heat exchangers for heat recovery

It is a common problem to choose the most appropriate heat exchanger configuration for heat recovery. In this study, a new model has been developed for determining the area and type of the most appropriate waste heat recovery heat exchanger for maximum net gain. A non-dimensional E number has been defined based on known technical and economic parameters such as the life-time, unit area cost of the heat exchanger, lower heating value of the fuel, overall heat transfer coefficient of heat exchanger, boiler efficiency, operation time per year, heat exchanger effectiveness, ratio of heat capacities, annual variation of the temperature of fluids supplied to the heat exchanger and present worth factor. The non-dimensional E numbers has been demonstrated in graphical forms as a function of NTU and ratio of heat capacities and corresponding heat exchanger area giving maximum net gain can easily be obtained from these graphs. The best heat exchanger type and its area can be determined comparing net gains or effectiveness of heat exchangers at NTU_max. Application of the new method has been given with a case study as a sample calculation.     

Compact potential of exhaust heat exchangers for engine waste heat recovery using metal foams

To improve the practicability of the waste heat recovery system for internal combustion engines, the compact potential of exhaust heat exchangers using metal foams is investigated. In the present study, the performance of compact exhaust heat exchangers is compared with that of a conventional shell and tube heat exchanger in a real test bench. Both heat transfer and pressure drop performance are considered when assessing the performance of heat exchangers because these two factors normally show a trade‐off relationship when designing exhaust heat exchangers. Compared with the conventional heat exchanger, the compact heat exchanger can achieve a similar pressure drop, and at the same time the heat transfer is increased by 30%, whereas the volume and the weight are each reduced by 2/3. The performance of compact heat exchangers with six types of Ni metal foams is also investigated under different mass flow rates and thicknesses of the porous layer. Results show that the optimum compact heat exchanger enhances the comprehensive performance 1.9 times compared with original one. This study shows that metal foams have great potential in realizing a compact exhaust heat exchanger for engine waste heat recovery.     

Study on heating performances of steam generator for solid oxide fuel cell using waste heat from solid particles

This paper reports the heating performances of steam generator for solid oxide fuel cell using waste heat from solid particles. The model of trapezoid-fin-tube heat exchanger was set up by using FLUENT 14.0. The model has been used to investigate the effects of fin tip width (2 mm–4 mm) and fin height (34 mm–46 mm). The fin surface temperature, the particle temperature, the fin total heat flux, the heat recovery efficiency and the heat transfer coefficient were studied. The heating performance of steam generator is improved when the trapezoid-fins are placed on heat transfer tubes, which is conducive to increase the power generation efficiency of solid oxide fuel cell. When the fin height increases from 34 mm to 46 mm, the average temperature of calcined petroleum coke decrease from 414 K to 376 K, the maximum temperature decrease from 498 K to 442 K, the average heat transfer coefficient of internal and external heat exchanger increase 12.4% and 12.7% respectively, the heat recovery efficiency increases 4.3%. When the fin tip width increases from 2 mm to 3 mm, the average temperature reduce 6.7 K and the maximum temperature decrease 7.3 K, the average heat transfer coefficient of internal and external heat exchanger increase 3.8% and 3.7% respectively, the heat recovery efficiency increases 0.88%.     

空气压缩机热能回收改造实践

针对空气压缩机大量余热散失浪费的现状,提出了一种废热利用方案.结合具体项目实践,对方案设计、采用的主要设备以及节能效益进行论述.实践证明,项目改造后可为企业节省运行费用85.2万元,项目改造的回收期为9个月,为空压机热能回收在工业上的节能技改提供了可借鉴的途径.     

换热器传递有效度

通过阐述效率法在工业炉余热回收换热器的热力学性能分析中的局限性,提出了一个新的评价换热器热力学性能的概念——传递有效度,得到了一般计算式。讨论了传热单元数、冷热流体热容量比和流型对换热器传递有效度的影响,并把换热器传递有效度和效率以及换热器无因次熵产数进行了比较。     

Heat transfer effectiveness of three-fluid separated heat pipe exchanger

A heat transfer model for three-fluid separated heat pipe exchanger was analyzed,and the temperature transfer matrix for general three-fluid separated heat exchanger working in parallel-flow or counter-flow mode was obtained.It was found that the forms of temperature transfer matrix are similar for heat pipe rows with equal or different heat transfer surface area.Furthermore,by using the temperature transfer matrix of the heat pipe exchanger,the relationship between heat transfer effectiveness θ 1,θ 2 and M,NTU,U,Δt i were derived for the exchanger operating in parallel-flow or counter-flow mode,and a simple special example was adopted to demonstrate the correctness of these relationships.     

The latent heat recovery from boiler exhaust flue gas using shell and corrugated tube heat exchanger: A numerical study

The excessively increasing environmental concerns along with reducing fossil fuel resources introduce the trend of increasing the efficiency of boiler via implementing waste heat recovery. In the present study, the potential of latent heat recovery is investigated in the middle‐size boiler exhaust flue gas using the shell and corrugated tube heat exchanger. The main purpose of the present study is efficiency growth in flue gases using latent heat recovery of the steam energy. The heat recovery analysis is evaluated by a validated computational fluid dynamics model by a commercial software. For this study, the effect of different tube arrangements, number of tubes, and flow direction in the shell on heat transfer and pressure drop were investigated. The results showed that in‐line arrangement of the tubes in the shell presents better thermal performance and also high pressure drop among the other arrangements. As a result, by considering the thermal performance and pressure drop, radial arrangement shows higher performance. According to the obtained results from Section 2 of the present study, by considering the radial arrangement of tubes in the shell, as the number of tube rises, the thermal performance declines.     

Performance simulation of a low‐swirl burner for a Stirling engine

A new type of gas burner for Stirling engine that can recover adequate heat from exhaust gas was designed based on the plate heat exchanger and low‐swirl combustion technology, which consists of three components: a cyclone, a burner, and a circular plate heat exchanger. The circular plate heat exchanger tightly wound around the combustion chamber plays a high efficiency of heat recovery role. In consideration of the radial symmetry of the burner, a three‐dimensional numerical simulation was carried out by Ansys15. The velocity distribution, temperature distribution, and pressure distribution of the combustion gas were presented respectively. Strong backflow that came from the exhaust gas around the root of the flame in the combustion chamber and a vortex below the inlet of the exhaust gas channel were found, which were beneficial for the combustion and improving the uniformity of temperature distribution. Combustion behaviors of the burner under standard operating conditions were obtained, the highest temperature was about 2200 K in burner and the exhaust gas entered the plate heat exchanger at the temperature of 1375 K and exited at 464 K, with the waste heat recovery efficiency over 65.8%. And, the air‐fuel ratio and combustion power had negligible effect on the waste heat recovery efficiency.     

径向热管换热器在天然气工业炉低温烟气中的应用

当前我国的能源形势紧张,能源利用状况令人担忧.在一些高耗能的企业,工业生产中排放的中低温烟气余热由于回收难度高、回收成本大等问题,一直得不到合理的利用,如何合理回收成为亟待解决的难题之一.简要介绍了一种新型余热利用换热设备——径向热管换热器,提出了计算热管换热器经济性评价指标的方法,并以某工厂低温烟气余热回收工程为实例,对烟气余热的回收利用进行了技术和经济效益分析.实践应用证明,径向热管换热器在工业低温烟气余热回收中有很好的实用性和可行性.