给粉计量自控节能系统在煤粉锅炉上的应用

煤粉锅炉在燃煤电厂中应用非常广泛,完善燃煤电厂的能耗计量和管理,优化调整锅炉燃烧系统,确定合理的风煤配比,使锅炉在最佳氧量与经济煤粉细度下运行,保证煤粉稳定着火燃烧完全,从而实现优化燃烧,是煤粉锅炉电厂节能运行管理的必由之路.     

基于多项式拟合的锅炉运行参数对燃煤机组发电煤耗影响研究

为精确计算锅炉运行参数对燃煤发电机组发电煤耗的影响,以发电煤耗的数学模型为基础,采用微积分理论,忽略管道效率和汽轮机热耗率的影响,建立发电煤耗与锅炉效率的微分关系。以某电厂330 MW亚临界燃煤发电机组为例,利用机组历史运行数据和设备厂家提供的设计资料,基于拉格朗日多项式拟合分别建立排烟温度、锅炉效率、发电煤耗与机组负荷率的拟合关系,从而得到任意工况下排烟温度与发电煤耗目标值的数学模型。依据锅炉排烟热损失的简易算法,建立锅炉排烟温度和运行氧量对发电煤耗影响耗差分析模型,最后对采样周期内锅炉运行参数进行聚类划分,计算排烟温度和运行氧量对发电煤耗影响的数值。该方法计算结果准确,方便实用,为电厂节能改造、优化运行、检修决策和节能技术监督提供参考。     

工业锅炉供热节能环保工作的管理和实践

加强管理 ,实现低压锅炉供热系统节能运行 ,实现机组经济节能和环保达标 ,介绍了管理人员 ,锅炉技术人员在管理中的经验、技术与效果     

燃烧优化指导系统在600MW机组节能减排中的应用

锅炉燃烧优化控制技术能在不进行锅炉设备改造的前提下,通过海量有效历史运行数据的训练,建立锅炉优化运行的数学模型,来提高锅炉运行效率及降低锅炉NO_x排放。介绍了Power Wizard电站锅炉燃烧优化系统软件以及在某600 MW机组锅炉的实际应用效果,为火电机组的节能减排提供了解决方法。     

锅炉运行管理对能耗的影响

工业锅炉消耗大量的能源,并且对环境污染严重,对此我国出台了一系列的相关政策,采取了多种技术措施,对锅炉节能与减排进行强化管理,取得了一定的成就。对于目前在用的工业锅炉,由于运行管理水平较差而造成锅炉能源的浪费是不可小视的。通过对锅炉定期检验,发现了影响锅炉能耗的问题,认为强化锅炉运行管理、提升锅炉运行操作水平是实现锅炉节能的重要环节。     

循环流化床锅炉节能减排现状与管理措施研究

循环流化床锅炉的节能减排工作,是减少污染、节约能耗、实现可持续发展为下一代造福的事业,相关工作者应充分认识到其工作的重要性,结合企业实际情况,根据中国循环流化床锅炉节能减排的相关政策,加强对循环流化床锅炉节能减排工作的重视,对现有的管理措施和节能应用技术进行改进与创新,提高循环流化床锅炉的整体运行效率,实现循环流化床锅炉节能减排工作高效低耗的目标,进一步提高企业的经济效益。     

中小型循环流化床锅炉分离器改造

通过对中小型循环流化床锅炉气固分离器技术改造实例分析,解决了循环流化床锅炉运行中由于分离器故障引起的非计划性停炉问题,同时提高了循环流化床锅炉的热效率和脱硫效率,实现了节能减排增效的目的,也为同类锅炉分离器改造提供一定的实践指导.     

基于简单能效测试的燃轻油工业锅炉超耗能源量计算方法研究

随着国家节能减排力度的加大,高耗能特种设备锅炉的节能工作日益被引起重视,锅炉能效测试作为一项常规监管工作得以广泛开展。锅炉能效测试可获得锅炉主要能效指标,例如:锅炉热效率、排烟温度、过量空气系数等,并给出锅炉优化运行的措施,但是锅炉用户更关注锅炉能效指标不符合规程值后,引起燃料浪费量。如何根据锅炉热效率、排烟温度和过量空气系数计量超耗能源量,从而快速指导用户有针对性地调整锅炉运行参数,使得锅炉处于最低经济成本运行具有重大的现实意义。     

燃煤工业锅炉现状及其节能减排途径

分析我国燃煤锅炉现状的基础上,阐述燃煤工业锅炉节能减排的主要途径,通过加强技术改造、运行管理、水质监督等措施的应用,可提高锅炉的运行效率,实现节能减排的目的。     

燃烧劣质无烟煤3OO MW循环流化床锅炉节能减排特性的研究

介绍了龙岩坑口电厂300 MW循环流化床(CFB)锅炉的结构特点、性能测试结果及烟气污染物排放情况,并结合实际运行数据探讨了该300 MW CFB锅炉的节能减排特性.运行实践表明:该300 MW CFB锅炉机组采用清华大学基于流态重构节能型CFB锅炉技术,并结合风机改造,实现了低床压长期稳定满负荷运行,且厂用电率可控制在4.5%左右,节能减排效果显著.同时,以较低的运行成本实现了烟气污染物的达标排放.该炉型的节能减排特性充分体现了大型CFB锅炉机组实现煤洁净燃烧的技术优势.     

Modeling and analysis of renewable heat integration into non-domestic buildings - The case of biomass boilers: A whole life asset-supply chain management approach

This study proposes a whole life asset-supply chain optimization model for integration of biomass boilers into non-domestic (non-residential) buildings, under a renewable heat incentive scheme in the UK. The proposed model aims at identifying the optimal energy generation capacities and schedules for biomass and backup boilers, along with the optimal levels of biomass ordering and storage. The sensitivity of these decisions are then analyzed subject to changes in source, types and pricing of biomass materials as well as the choice of technologies and their cost and operational performance criteria. The proposed model is validated by applying it to a case study scenario in the UK. The results indicate that a Renewable Heat Incentive scheme could incentivize the adoption of biomass boilers, with a 3 to 1 ratio for biomass and backup boilers' utilization. As such, the findings from this study will be useful for industry managers, tasked with the decision of which biomass boiler system to utilize, considering the support from RHI. On the other hand, it is shown that RHI does not provide encouragement for efficiency when it comes to the choice of biomass technologies and fuels. This presents itself as a major implication for the success and sustainability of the UK government's renewable heat incentive scheme.     

上海市在用工业锅炉节能现状分析与对策

对上海市在用工业锅炉运行状况进行了现场调研。结合近年能效测试情况和在用工业锅炉运行信息,分析了上海市在用工业锅炉系统运行状况及存在问题。针对上海市在用工业锅炉运行情况,提出了节能管理措施和提高锅炉能效的建议。     

Validation of a dynamic model for wood pellet boilers and stoves

Optimising systems with wood pellet boilers or stoves using simulations requires realistic computer models. The objective of this work was to develop and verify a mathematical model for wood pellet boilers and stoves for use in system simulations with the dynamic simulation programme TRNSYS, calculating both the energy balance and the CO-emissions (carbon monoxide emissions). Laboratory measurements have been carried out and a mathematical two-node model was developed and implemented as a TRNSYS component. Parameters were identified and the model has been compared with measurements. The model shows in general good agreement with measured data, however there are details that could be improved. This involves improved modelling of the dynamic response for boilers with large water volumes and improved modelling of the air factor and the CO-emissions, especially during start and stop conditions. Further improved methodology and accuracy for measuring and parameter identification is recommended.     

工业锅炉及窑炉节能减排技术途径与关键问题分析

当前我国的燃煤工业锅炉、窑炉普遍存在技术落后、效率低下、污染严重、监管难度大等问题,节能潜力超过1亿t煤,是煤炭节能减排技术的重点。实现工业炉窑燃煤节能是一个系统工程,关键是依靠燃煤技术和运行控制技术的进步,法规政策的促进和保障作用,社会化服务有助于推动新技术发展,先进的节能技术必会带来可观的经济和社会效益。     

燃煤粉工业锅炉的发展前景及节能减排技术创新

燃煤粉工业锅炉在高效率、环保、运行成本、小容量适应性、煤种适应性等方面,与其它燃煤工业锅炉的洁净煤粉技术相比较,都具有较大的绝对优势;燃煤粉工业锅炉在我国已有大量成功运行业绩,其最新研究成果也在推广应用。研究得出,燃煤粉工业锅炉具有广阔的发展前景,并提出了运用CFD技术进行燃煤工业锅炉节能减排技术创新的方法和方向。     

Hybrid model of steam boiler

In the case of big energy boilers energy efficiency is usually determined with the application of the indirect method. Flue gas losses and unburnt combustible losses have a significant influence on the boiler's efficiency. To estimate these losses the knowledge of the operating parameters influence on the flue gases temperature and the content of combustible particles in the solid combustion products is necessary. A hybrid model of a boiler developed with the application of both analytical modelling and artificial intelligence is described. The analytical part of the model includes the balance equations. The empirical models express the dependence of the flue gas temperature and the mass fraction of the unburnt combustibles in solid combustion products on the operating parameters of a boiler. The empirical models have been worked out by means of neural and regression modelling.     

Identifying and quantifying energy savings on fired plant using low cost modelling techniques

Combustion in fired heaters, boilers and furnaces often accounts for the major energy consumption on industrial processes. Small improvements in efficiency can result in large reductions in energy consumption, CO₂ emissions, and operating costs. This paper will describe some useful low cost modelling techniques based on the zone method to help identify energy saving opportunities on high temperature fuel-fired process plant.The zone method has for many decades, been successfully applied to small batch furnaces through to large steel-reheating furnaces, glass tanks, boilers and fired heaters on petrochemical plant. Zone models can simulate both steady-state furnace operation and more complex transient operation typical of a production environment. These models can be used to predict thermal efficiency and performance, and more importantly, to assist in identifying and predicting energy saving opportunities from such measures as:

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Improving air/fuel ratio and temperature controls.

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Improved insulation.

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Use of oxygen or oxygen enrichment.

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Air preheating via flue gas heat recovery.

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Modification to furnace geometry and hearth loading.

There is also increasing interest in the application of refractory coatings for increasing surface radiation in fired plant. All of the techniques can yield savings ranging from a few percent upwards and can deliver rapid financial payback, but their evaluation often requires robust and reliable models in order to increase confidence in making financial investment decisions. This paper gives examples of how low cost modelling techniques can be applied to improve confidence in implementing energy efficiency improvements whilst safeguarding manufacturing output and quality.     

Optimal control of energy losses in multi-boiler steam systems

This paper describes the development of a mathematical model to determine the optimized energy losses for a set of boilers (with a wide operating margin) supplying a common load. The model can be applied to steam systems that have a group of liquid- or gas-fired shell boilers available for use. The study shows that when the model is applied, the total energy losses of a few boilers working in unison are lower than when a traditional cascade system is used. The differences in energy loss can even reach approximately 12%. The model shows that increasing the heat load from 0 to 30% yields increasing differences in the energy losses between the standard (traditional) and optimized conditions, up to a maximum value of 79 kJ/s. As the steam demand grows from 30 to 100%, the total difference in energy losses between the standard and optimized conditions decreases systematically. When the multi-boiler system operates at full thermal power (100%), there are no differences in the energy losses. The greatest energy loss differences occur in the heat load range from 10 to 80%. There will be a reduction in the primary fuel used by about 40,300 N m³ per year if the model is applied. The optimization system can be put into operation in existing and proposed plants. The payback period on investment for the optimization controller is less than half a year.     

燃煤工业锅炉存在问题及改进措施分析

燃煤工业锅炉在生产与生活中应用广泛,总能耗量大,但运行中大多效率偏低、电耗偏大,具有巨大的节能潜力。分析了燃煤工业锅炉运行中存在的问题,如过量空气系数偏大、排烟温度偏高、炉渣和飞灰含碳量过高、堵灰、辅机电耗偏大、用汽负荷波动大等,并阐述了上述问题产生的原因及影响因素,提出了相应的改进措施。     

链条锅炉的动态建模与仿真

针对10t／h及以下容量链条锅炉负荷的频繁波动,采用模块化的建模方式建立了一台10t/h链条锅炉的汽水系统和燃烧系统的动态数学模型,并进行了仿真试验,得到炉排速度和空气量发生变化时锅炉燃烧率、蒸汽流量、过热汽温和汽包水位的实时变化量和趋势。仿真试验结果表明,链条锅炉更好地实现负荷调整应采取同时改变炉排速度和空气量的方式,为实现锅炉的稳定性和经济性运行提供理论指导。