无机电解质对TritonX-100浊谱性质的影响

本文研究无机电解质对聚氧乙烯醚型非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100浊谱性质的影响。测定了不同电解质对其起始浊点t_i以及浊程t_r的移动值,并依此计算了各离子相应的浊点移动值△_i,实验验证了△_i具有加和性,同时初步证实各离子的浊程移动值△_r也具有加和性。此外探索了电解质浓度对t_i、t_r和t_r的影响。     

聚氧乙烯型和Pluronic型非离子表面活性剂溶液的浊谱性质

本文继续研究了聚氧乙烯型和Pluronic型非离子表面活性剂溶液的浊谱性质,并比较了两者的区别,探讨了升温速度对反常浊谱特性的影响以及三种表面活性剂的KL—C线性关系。     

壳聚糖季铵盐与表面活性剂复配性能及杀菌活性研究

以壳聚糖和2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵反应,合成了羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖(HACC)。从配伍稳定性、表面张力及杀菌活性等方面研究了HACC与表面活性剂相互作用的情况。结果表明:HACC质量浓度为1×10-3g/mL时,与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(TritonX-100)、十二烷基甜菜碱(C12BE)配伍稳定;与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)复配时,SDS质量浓度超过1×10-3mol/L会产生沉淀;加入HACC后,CTAB、TritonX-100和C12BE的表面张力曲线均有一转折区域,且CTAB、TritonX-100的cmc增大;HACC对革兰氏阳性菌具有杀菌作用,表面活性剂的加入对HACC的杀菌活性无影响。     

表面活性剂对聚乙烯醇水溶液黏度影响的研究

研究了阴离子十二烷基硫酸钠、阳离子十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和非离子壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚等3种不同类型的表面活性剂对聚乙烯醇溶液黏度性质的影响。结果表明,离子型表面活性剂与聚乙烯醇发生疏水链相互作用使高聚物带有电荷,体系黏度增加;非离子表面活性剂与聚乙烯醇无相互作用,体系黏度不变;盐的加入,只对聚乙烯醇/离子型表面活性剂混合体系影响大,而对聚乙烯醇/非离子型表面活性剂混合体系无影响。     

浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定乙醛触媒微量钯含量

建立了以1-（2-吡啶偶氮）-2-萘（PAN）为络合剂,以非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100为萃取剂的浊点萃取分离富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定痕量钯的新方法。研究了溶液的酸度、络合剂和表面活性剂浓度、平衡温度和时间、离子强度等条件对浊点萃取效果的影响。该方法对钯的检出限为35．3ng／mL,相对标准偏差（RSD）为3．1％（n=8）,回收率97．6％0～106．7％。可用于乙醛催化剂中微量Pd（Ⅱ）的测定。     

离子选择电极法分析非离子／阴离子表面活性剂体系

利用自制表面活性剂离子选择电极,采用电位滴定法测定了非离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO9)与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)混合溶液中的SDS浓度。当AEO9与SDS的摩尔比约小于2∶1时,可用此种方法定量测定混合体系中的SDS的浓度,与滴定单一SDS溶液的结果对照,相对误差在1%以内。     

表面活性剂对铸铁防锈性能影响的研究

选用应用广泛的阴离子和非离子表面活性剂,采用铁屑滤纸法研究表面活性剂对铸铁防锈性能的影响,并通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散谱（EDS）观察金属表面形态及元素分布。结果发现,阴离子表面活性剂防锈效果为硫酸酯型优于脂肪醇醚羧酸型和磺酸盐型,太古油防锈效果最好。非离子表面活性剂中酰胺类防锈性能较好,但壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯（E9600）因含有磷酸酯基团,防锈性能优异。     

两相滴定法测定脂肪醇醚硫酸盐阴离子活性物含量研究

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)是一类阴-非两性型表面活性剂。以亚甲基蓝作为指示剂,用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)作为标准溶液测定AES表面活性剂阴离子活性物含量,实验测得值与实际参考样品误差较小。另外还探讨了非离子表面活性剂、聚合物与无机盐对测定结果的影响,实验结果表明无机盐体积的增加使得测定的结果产生了一定的偏差;随着聚合物浓度浓度的增加,测定的结果有偏高的趋势;非离子表面活性剂质量分数的增加对实验结果没有明显的影响。     

居贝特醇十六烷基醚羟丙基季铵盐及其复配体系在石英表面吸附的研究

利用座滴法研究了阳离子表面活性剂居贝特醇十六烷基醚羟丙基季铵盐(C16GPC)溶液在石英表面上的润湿性能,并考察了非离子表面活性剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(Triton X-100)及不同类型电解质对其接触角的影响趋势。研究发现,C16GPC在石英表面通过静电作用形成定向排列的单分子层,而后在cmc附近形成双层结构,接触角随浓度变化的趋势存在一个极大值;Triton X-100与C16GPC在界面上混合吸附,进一步降低表面张力,且影响固/液界面膜排列的规整性,从而造成接触角明显降低;电解质促进表面活性剂在气/液界面的吸附,同时抑制其在固/液界面的吸附,共同导致接触角降低。     

非离子表面活性剂的表面膨胀性质研究

用毛细波 -纵向波技术研究了非离子表面活性剂octaethyleneglycolmonododecylether(C12 E8)的表面膨胀性质。利用毛细波 -纵向波的波数和衰减系数探索了非离子表面活性剂溶液的表面膨胀模量、表面膨胀弹性、表面膨胀粘度、静态膨胀弹性、表面粘度相角与浓度和表面变形频率的关系。还通过表面膨胀性质和Frumkin表面状态方程的研究 ,探讨了非离子表面活性剂溶液的表面吸附动力学性质     

离子表面活性剂对Triton X-100浊谱性质的影响

本文研究离子型表面活性剂(十二烷基硫酸钠,SDS;十六烷基溴化吡啶,CPB)对Triton-100浊谱性质的影响。实验结果表明SDS或CPB的加入生成了混合胶团,导致起始浊点、终止浊点和最大光散射强度的变化,进一步探讨了1:1 SDS-CPB混合表面活性剂对浊谱曲线的影响,提出了TX100-SDS-CPB三元混合胶团模型,并初步验证了这一结果。     

非离子表面活性剂TX114的浊点分相行为

Distribution of TX114 between coacervate and aqueous phases in clouding of various initial TX114 concentrations was studied. Effects of temperature and salinity （Na2SO4） on the distribution of TX114 concentration were also investigated. Differing from the nonionic surfactant C12E10, the distribution of TX114 is sensitive to the temperature, and it is observed that the TX114 concentration in the aqueous phase （Caq） does not depend on the initial TX114 concentration apparently at 45℃, and the Caq decreases with an increase of NazSO4 concentration. Low initial TX114 concentration in unclouded solutions, high Na2SO4 concentration, and temperature are suggested to control the surfactant loss in large-scale cloud point extraction applications.     

Effects of surfactants on rheological properties of a dispersed viscoelastic microsphere

The swelling ratio is an important performance for the application of viscoelastic microsphere. The reduction of swelling ratio can affect the particle size. The compatibility between particle size and formation pore can affect the plugging performance and EOR capability. Adsorption characteristics of cationic surfactant cetyltriethylammnonium bromide (CTAB), anionic surfactant petroleum sulfonate applied in GangXi oilfield (GXPS), and nonionic surfactant nonylphenol ether (TX‐10) onto viscoelastic microspheres and the effect of the three types of surfactant on swelling ratio of viscoelastic microspheres were investigated. Effects of surfactants on rheological properties of viscoelastic microspheres were researched in two different modes referring to steady shear and dynamic shear, respectively, using Physica MCR301 Rheometer. The results showed that the interactions between viscoelastic microsphere and surfactants CTAB were electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic association, that the interaction between viscoelastic microsphere and surfactants TX‐10 was just hydrophobic association, and that the interactions between viscoelastic microsphere and GXPS were electrostatic repulsion and hydrophobic association. At the same initial surfactant concentration, all these three types of surfactant could be adsorbed onto the surface of viscoelastic microspheres and reduce its swelling ratio and storage modulus. Because of different amount of adsorption, the extent of reduction order on swelling ratio and storage modulus was CTAB>TX‐10>GXPS. In addition, the yield stress of viscoelastic microspheres which was obtained from modeling the data to Herschel‐Bulkley model decreases with the increase of surfactant adsorption. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42278.     

粉状洗涤剂组分对霉脂肪酶活性的影响

研究了粉状洗涤剂用活性物如LAS、AES、AOS、MES、肥皂、AEO9、TX10,特种阳离子表面活性剂,常规洗涤助剂以及特种助剂如过碳酸盐、偏硅酸钠、聚合物、酶制剂等组分对所开发的青霉脂肪酶活性的影响。结果表明,阴离子表面活性剂对酶的活性有较大影响,影响程度为：LAS＞AOS＞肥皂＞AES＞AES;AEO9和TX10对酶活的影响较小,将基与LAS复配可显著降低LAS对酶活性的影响：阳离子表面活性剂在低浓度时对酶有激活作用,浓度增加影响增大;绝大多数洗涤助剂在配方用量范围内对酶活影响不大,只有碱性蛋白酶在用量多时有较大影响。     

Wettability of Polymeric Solids by Aqueous Solutions of Anionic and Nonionic Surfactant Mixtures

Measurements of the surface tension (γ _LV) and advancing contact angle () on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were carried out for aqueous solutions of sodium decyl sulfate (SDS) and p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (TX100) and their mixtures. The results obtained indicate that the values of the surface tension and contact angles of solutions of surfactants on PTFE and PMMA surfaces depend on the concentration and composition of the surfactant mixtures. Calculations based on the Lucassen-Reynders equation indicate that for single surfactants and their mixtures at a given concentration in the bulk phase the values of surface excess concentration of surfactants at water–air and PTFE–water interfaces are nearly the same, so the adsorption of the surfactants at water–air and PTFE–water interfaces should also be the same. However, the adsorption of TX100 and its mixtures with SDS at water–air interface is higher than that at PMMA–water interface, which is confirmed by the ratio of absolute values of molecular interaction parameters at these interfaces calculated on the basis of Rosen approach. If we take into account the hydration of the poly(ethylene oxide) chains of TX100 and acid and base parameters of the surface tension of water it appears that the PMMA surface is covered by the 'pure' water molecules from the solution or molecules connected with the chain of nonionic surfactant. On the other hand, the lack of SDS molecules at the PMMA–water interface may result from the formations of its micelles which are connected with the TX100 chain.     

阴／非离子复合表面活性剂驱油剂的制备研究

研究了阴离子表面活性剂AES与非离子表面活性剂OP-10和阴离子表面活性剂AES与非离子表面活性剂TX分别以不同比例混合后对表面／界面张力的影响,并从机理上进行了相关探讨。实验结果表明：当AES与OP-10和AES与TX的质量比分别为8：2和6：4时,表面／界面张力均降低至最低值。二者比较来看,AES与TX的复配体系较AES与OP-10的复配体系降低表面／界面张力的效果明显。     

表面活性剂对4A沸石-水悬浮体稳定性的影响

研究了阳离子表面活性剂氯化十四烷基吡啶(TPC),阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和非离子表面活性剂Triton X—100(TX100)在4A沸石上的吸附和对4A沸石粒子电泳淌度、粒子平均大小、悬浮体稳定性和电导的影响。结果表明:TPC的吸附量较大,电泳淌度和吸附等温线变化趋势相同,在等电点附近粒子平均大小略有增加,悬浮体稳定性最差;SDBS虽有少量吸附,粒子电泳淌度也有变化,但对悬浮体稳定性没有影响;TX100在4A沸石上不吸附,体系稳定性也无变化。     

Preparation of SiO2/epoxy nanocomposite via reverse microemulsion in situ polymerization

Reverse water/oil (w/o) microemulsions composed of epoxy resin (EP) (the oil phase) and nonionic surfactant and ammonia aqueous solutions (the water phase) were used in the synthesis of SiO2/EP nanocomposites. The stability of reverse microemulsion was evaluated by measuring water solubilization of the microemulsion. Effects of surfactant type and content, ammonia concentration and temperature on the water solubilization were systematically investigated. Higher water solubilization capacity was obtained by nonionic surfactant TX‐100 compared with other two surfactants, Span‐80 and Tween‐80. Ammonia concentration of 5 wt% and preparation temperature at 35°C were favorable for forming a stable microemulsion and enabling the subsequent hydrolysis and condensation reaction of inorganic precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). SiO2/ epoxy nanocomposites were prepared via in situ polymerization of TEOS within the nanoscale reverse microemulsion “water pool”. FTIR, SEM, and universal testing machine were used to characterize the structural and mechanical properties of the composite. The results revealed that the optimal mechanical properties were obtained at 3 wt% TEOS content. Compared with neat epoxy resin, the tensile and flexural strength of the composite were 40% and 12% higher, respectively. The formation of the silica structure in the hybrid was investigated with FTIR. The SEM and optical observations showed a ductile fracture morphology and good miscibility between inorganic and organic phases. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:1388–1394, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effects of surfactants on acrylonitrile polymerization initiated by a Cr(VI)–cyclohexanone redox system: A kinetic study

The polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) was kinetically studied with a Cr(VI)–cyclohexanone (CH) redox system as an initiator from 25 to 45° C in the presence of a surfactant. The rate of polymerization and the percentage of the monomer conversion increased as the concentration of the anionic surfactant [sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)] increased above its critical micelle concentration. However, the cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) reduced the rate considerably at higher concentrations, whereas the nonionic surfactant (TX‐100) had no effect on the rate. The effects of the Cr(VI), CH, AN, and H⁺ concentrations and the ionic strength on the rates were also examined. The presence of 0.015M SDS reduced the overall activation energy of the polymerization by 5.55 kcal/mol with respect to that in the absence of the surfactant. With increasing SDS concentration, the viscosity‐average molecular weight also increased. A suitable mechanistic scheme was proposed for the polymerization process. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1147–1153, 2004