The dynamics of thyroid diseases in the inhabitants of Kiev and Kiev Province after the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station

Autoimmune affections of the thyroid gland were found to be on the increase as were Hashimoto's disease and follicular adenoma, as evidenced by a pathomorphic study in surgically removed thyroid glands of 12684 patients over 1984-1993. Rise in the frequency of malignant tumors was moderate. Increase in the incidence of papillary microcarcinoma against the background of another surgical pathology of the thyroid gland may be an unfavourable prognostic sign of further growth of morbidity of clinically manifest forms of carcinoma in Kiev and the Kiev Province.     

The morphogenic characteristics of human transitional-cell bladder tumors in Ukraine after the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]

Ten 13-17-year-old boys with pathocharacterologic peculiarities in premorbid period were examined. Syndrome of affective excitability was observed in pure form in 5 juveniles, while it was combined with hysteric features in 3 patients and with affective instability in 2 ones. These peculiarities of personality resulted in behavioral deviations which promoted the development of alcoholism and exaggerated of disorders conditioned by this disease. Course of alcoholism in the studied cases was unfavourable (binges, intake of large doses of alcohol and of the substitutes, etc) with pronounced disorders of behaviour up to aggression and delinquency. It was established that psychologic motivation (search of psychologic comfort, satisfaction of the need of actualization of personality, etc) played an important role both in development of the disease and in forming its clinical peculiarities.     

The dynamics of the radiation damage and recovery processes in coniferous stands in a 10-kilometer control zone of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station

Properties of morphogenesis, growth dynamics, anatomy and ultrastructure of wood and needle, reproductive processes in coniferous plants were studied under different level of radiation effect in the 10-km zone in 1986-1992. It was established that the full drying of pine forests began under absorbed dose 80-100 Gy/year. Threshold doses, after which repair processes were possible, reached to 10-12 Gy/year for Picea abies and 50 Gy/year for Pinus sylvestris. Three maine stages are revealed in dynamics of radiation damage and repair processes in studied conifers and their morphological and functional characteristic is presented.     

Change in neutrophils in liquidators of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station

In result of own researches and analysis of the literature? the information about high sensitivity of neutrophils of peripheric blood to infringements of constancy of internal state of body, arising as reply to radiating influence, are received. Ionized radiation modulates greatly properties and functions of neutrophilic granulocytes, which are the most sensitive and high-modulated cells of non-specific resistance system. The changes of the functional-metabolic status of neutrophils in participants of liquidation of consequences of Chernobyl disaster have been saving during 10 years after influence of the extreme, including radiating, factors of failure.     

Mental disorders in the participants in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station

Peculiarities of localisation of total population of hypothalamic neurons, associated with innervation of vagosolitary complex "stomach" area were studied using retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. The enzyme was administered in microportions into the mentioned area of vagosolitary complex (100-150 ml of 20% enzyme solution). The labelled neurons were exposed in the hypothalamic area basically from ipsilateral side. Greatest part of these neurons was located within paraventricular nucleus and lateral hypothalamic area as two bands oriented in caudodorsal direction. These bands length varied widely in different animals (ranging from 0.5 to 0.2 mm) mainly due to their disperse caudal ends. Rostral part of these formations were more compact and were joined by a thin cross arch, consisting of bipolar labelled neurons along it. As for interaural line this arch was located in the distance within 6.75-07.05 mm in different animals.     

The genetic effects in the somatic cells of persons working under chronic irradiation of different intensities after the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station

A complex genetic study of two groups from of Chernobyl NPP personnel (from "Shelter" unit and 3rd Block) has been carried out using classical cytogenetic and GPA methods. The first group was the most vulnerable from the viewpoint of accumulated dose (exceeding 25 cGy for the moment of study). Positive correlation between individual and group frequencies of cytogenetic markers of irradiation (stable and unstable chromosomes aberrations) and NO mutations in the GPA locus was found.     

The immune status of patients with neurocirculatory dystonia subjected to ionizing radiation exposure during the cleanup of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]

The immune state of 77 cleanup workers of Chernobyl power plant accident suffering from vegetative dystonia was studied. The group of comparison consisted of 10 vegetative dystonia patients, who were not subjected to the ionizing radiation influence. The workers showed no specific changes of immunity, but immune state disturbances among them were more frequent and more pronounced that in ordinary vegetative dystonia patients.     

Morphological characteristics of lungs in embryos and fetuses in women living in regions contaminated with radionuclides after accident at the Chernobyl power plant

The possibility of transplacental passage of Cr-90 and Cs-137 as well as their traces appearance in descendants muscles and bones beginning from the 2nd pregnancy trimester (and this was sometimes associated with teratogenic effects) was demonstrated on the abortion material (human embryos and fetuses) from the controlled zones of the Bryansk region. Statistically significant inhibition of the bronchial branching (according to the morphometry of the lung histological section) this indicating the disturbance of the lung prenatal morphogenesis during the "pseudoglandular" developmental stage was observed in the 1st trimester of the pregnancy in the descendants of the irradiated mothers. Lung hypoplasia was observed in some cases in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of the pregnancy. Activation of lymphoid cells in the fetal lungs and the tendency to the enhancement in them of the ectopic erythroid hemopoiesis was revealed. These processes are considered as a reflection of the compensatory adaptive cellular reaction in the descendants respiratory organs in response to the tissue hypoxia and antigenic stimuli from the organism of the pregnant woman irradiated after the Chernobyl accident.     

Thyroid neoplasms in some regions of Russia after radiation accident in Chernobyl

There is an increase of thyroid carcinoma incidence in regions contaminated after the Chernobyl accident as well as in Russia on the whole. The most considerable increase occurred in younger age groups of population. No difference in thyroid tumors structure was found in polluted with radionuclides and non-polluted regions.     

Disorders of the cognitive functions in those who worked in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station

The potentialities of cerebral oximetry in the para-infrared band as a means of neuromonitoring are assessed. The method is highly informative for selecting the treatment strategy during the acute period of craniocerebral injury and cerebrovascular diseases. Simultaneous analysis of intracranial pressure, central hemodynamics, and cerebral oximetry permits differentiation of mechanisms of intracranial hypertension and its compensation. Increase of rSO2 in increased intracranial pressure corresponds to brain hyperemia, its decrease to cerebral ischemia. A long trend of rSO2 changes is informative for disease prediction.     

Change in biological availability of 137Cs in grassland ecosystems after the accident at Chernobyl Atomic Energy Station

Between 1977 and 1995, nine stapedectomies using the Robinson-vein graft technique were performed in six high-performance airplane pilots diagnosed with otosclerosis. All of them returned to full active duty after stapedectomy without any vestibular symptoms. These cases illustrate that it can be safe for fighter or test pilots to return to full flight status after stapedectomy. These cases also suggest that full flight status can be reinstated as soon as 3 months after stapedectomy without endangering flight safety.     

Experience with the dynamic dispensary observation of those who worked in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station

The possibility of isolating 4-nitrophenols from objects of biological origin by acetic anhydride is investigated. Extracts from biological material were purified by extraction followed by silica gel thin layer chromatography. A method for identification and measurement of phenol 4-nitro derivatives in extracts of human cadaveric liver and blood is developed.     

The nature of the changes in the immunity of the women who worked in the cleanup of the sequelae of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station and were evacuated from the radioactively contaminated area

During examination of 37 women taking part in elimination of consequences of Chernobyl's disaster was revealed, that complex of disaster factors action resulted the formation of disbalance in the system of immunocompetence cells and caused the oppression of functional activity of neutrophils. In 110 women living on the radioactive contaminated zone (5-40 Ci/km) the phenomena of the secondary immunodeficiency in the form of defeat as cellular as humoral factors of immunity and nonspecific resistance system was diagnosed.     

Hypophyseal-thyroid system function in patients with nonspecific lung diseases who participated in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station

A comparative evaluation was done of the condition of the hypophyseal-thyroid axis in those patients with unspecific pulmonary diseases having taken part in the elimination of the aftermath of the ChNPP accident in 1986-1988, as well as patients with no particular prior history and essentially healthy subjects. With the thyroxin content tending downwards, the main differences manifested themselves at the level of hypophyseal control. Provision of the organism with more active forms of hormones was found to be maintained in all the cases at the physiological level.     

The morphogenesis of pathological processes in the gastric mucosa in chronic gastritis in servicemen who worked in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station

Results are submitted of a complex structural analysis of 200 gastrobiopsies taken in those subjects with chronic gastritis who took part in the elimination of the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident, as well as in patients of a control nosologic group with no history of a radiation-factor exposure. The liquidators versus control patients demonstrated morphofunctional changes in gastric mucosa as potential manifestations of induced pathomorphosis of the condition. A number of propositions have been stated concerning features of morphogenesis of pathological processes in gastric mucosa under chronic gastritis in liquidators of the effects of the Chernobyl disaster.