基于AHP探针法的土壤源热泵现场热响应试验研究

由于探针法和现场热响应试验法为测试岩土热物性参数的常用方法,因此文章基于邢台地区某土壤源热泵工程,将室内探针法和现场热响应试验法确定的热物性参数进行对比分析。首先,根据探针法和现场热响应试验法测试结果的差异,选取地层厚度、含水率、密度及渗透率作为影响土壤样品热物性参数的主要因素,并利用层次分析法来确定各影响因素的权重值;接着,利用各因素的权重值来修正探针法的测试结果;然后,将探针法和现场热响应试验所确定的岩土热物性参数进行比较,得出两个测量结果的相对误差小于10%;最后,对于土壤源热泵项目,文章利用修正后的探针法对现场热响应试验结果进行验证。     

基于线热源理论的岩土热响应测试研究现状

地源热泵是可再生能源在建筑物空调中的重要利用形式。岩土热物性是地源热泵地埋管换热器长度设计的主要因素,对于大型埋管系统需要进行热响应测试。回顾了热响应测试的基本原理,介绍了常用的线热源模型及相应的数据处理方法,总结了热响应测试存在的主要问题,并对热响应测试的未来进行了展望。     

地源热泵地埋管岩土热响应测试方法与应用

地源热泵地埋管热响应测试是研究土壤热物性参数及地埋管换热器性能最有效的方法之一。文中结合南京某办公楼一个地源热泵测试工程实例,探讨了地源热泵热响应测试的测试步骤、测试方法和数据处理。通过对地埋管进出口水温、流量和加热功率的实时采集,分析研究了土壤的热物性以及地埋管热响应的放热和取热量。     

热响应测试在土壤热交换器设计中的应用

分析了土壤热交换器系统的影响因素以及设计与施工中存在的问题,介绍了自主研制的移动式地源热响应测试装置原理与构成。针对天津市某地源热泵项目,阐述了热响应测试的方法与步骤,得到了项目所在地的无干扰地温以及地埋管系统的供回水温度响应曲线。利用线源理论,得到了地埋管换热器钻孔的导热系数及热阻,分析了测试装置与环境的热损失和热增益、测试时间、供电稳定性、无干扰地温、不同深度土壤热导率的变化以及地下水流动对热响应测试造成的影响。测试结论对于指导土壤热交换器设计与施工具有一定的参考价值。     

浅层地热能热响应测试仪检测台检测机理及试验研究

岩土导热系数是地埋管换热器设计的重要依据,获取导热系数的有效措施是现场热响应测试法。为检测国内大多数热响应测试仪器的性能,基于线热源理论设计了一套浅层地热能热响应测试仪性能检测平台。介绍了检测台的结构和功能,建立了检测台的控制系统。利用所开发的检测台对1台热响应测试仪进行测试,分别模拟不同参数的"标准孔"。该检测台的出水温度可按控制要求稳定输出,可以模拟可控的"标准孔",被检测的热响应测试仪流量和温度误差均符合要求,精度较高。通过热响应试验得到的导热系数误差的平均值为3.63%。     

北方地区岩土导热系数及换热量的测试研究

岩土导热系数是地源热泵地埋管换热器的重要设计参数;测井单位深度换热量是地埋管换热器系统的设计依据。掌握工程区域岩土的热物性及换热性能,是保证地源热泵系统高效、稳定运行的关键。文章建立了现场测试岩土导热系数及换热量的方法,并结合沈阳浑南高新技术产业开发区某地源热泵工程,测试分析了岩土导热系数和测井单位深度换热量。结果表明,该区域的岩土具有较好的导热能力,适合采用地埋管地源热泵系统;在特殊地理条件下设计地源热泵系统方案前,应对拟建区域的地质条件进行全面勘探,以优选工程区域,为岩土热响应测试结果的可靠性提供保障。     

同轴地埋管换热器岩土热响应试验研究

岩土热物理性质是影响地源热泵系统设计和运营的关键因素,对位于武汉市洪山区的2口不同深度的同轴地埋管换热孔分别进行48 h的热响应试验,并对同轴地埋管换热器内外管之间环形空间中的平均流体温度进行测试.根据同轴地埋管换热器的几何特性,以简便实用的方式测量同轴地埋管换热器环状空间传热流体的平均温度,结合同轴地埋管换热器钻孔热...     

热网管道热损失现场测试方法探讨

热网管道热损失现场测试方法探讨程宗颐扬子石油化工公司节能办公室一、引言实验室内园管稳态热流，热损失测试方法比较成熟，但热网管道现场热损失测试时，遇到的往往是非稳态情况，增加了测试的难度。笔者谨以多年从事保温节能与现场热损失测试的实践，以现场实测与室内...     

地源热泵岩土热响应测试方法及数据分析

土壤导热系数的大小直接对土壤源热泵系统中埋地换热器的面积和初投资有显著影响.现场测试法是研究土壤热物性参数最有效的方法之一,结合邢台市沙河收费站地源热泵测试工程实例,介绍了地源热泵热响应测试的测试步骤、测试方法和数据分析.实测结果与传统查手册的结果相比更为准确可靠,为当地地源热泵系统的准确设计提供了依据.     

太阳能集热器热性能测试系统

为满足工业生产及科学研究中对太阳能集热器测试的需要,按照GB/T 4271-2007《太阳能集热器热性能试验方法》设计了太阳能集热器热性能测试系统。系统由恒温控制台、恒温水箱、旋转平台、循环水泵和连接管路等组成,可对采用液体作为传热工质的集热器进行稳态和动态测试。选取了温度、流量、压力、风速及太阳辐照度传感器,设计了其硬件通讯电路,利用Labwindows/CVI软件为基础开发了测试系统的软件部分,实现了数据的采集、分析和显示。测试结果表明,系统能准确完成集热器的瞬时效率、时间常数、入射角修正系数及两端压力降等的测量,可为准确掌握集热器热性能提供试验平台。     

陕西渭南地区岩土热响应测试与分析

地层热物性参数的确定对浅层地热能地源热泵系统的设计至关重要。依托陕西渭南某地源热泵项目,应用恒流法进行了岩土热响应测试,测试共进行了58 h,根据线热源理论对测试数据进行分析计算,求得准确的地层热物性参数,得到工区地层导热系数为2.16 W/(m∙K),比热容为2.39 MJ/(m³∙K),单U地埋管每延米换热量45 W。该研究结果可为项目后期设计与施工提供了相关参考和依据。     

Ground water level influence on thermal response test in Adana,Turkey

For optimum design of borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) and ground sources heat pump (GSHP) applications, determination of underground thermal properties is required. The design and economic feasibility (number and depth of boreholes) of these systems need thermal conductivity of geological structure, λ (W m^?1 K^?1), and thermal resistance of ground heat exchanger, R (K W^?1 m). Thermal properties measured in laboratory experiments do not coincide with data of in situ conditions. Therefore, in situ thermal response test equipment has been developed and used in Canada, England, Germany, Norway, U.K., U.S.A. and Sweden to ensure precise designing of BTES systems. This paper describes the results and evaluations of the Adana continual thermal response test measurements. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An in situ thermal response test for borehole heat exchangers of the ground-coupled heat pump system

Thermal response tests (TRTs) are crucial for the estimation of the ground thermal properties and thermal performance of the borehole heat exchanger (BHE) of the ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) system. In this article, a TRT apparatus was designed and built to measure the temperature response of inlet and outlet sections of BHE in the test borehole, the apparatus can effectively operate under both constant heating flux modes and heat injection and extraction modes with a constant inlet temperature. A TRT for a project of GCHP located in the Jiangsu province of China was carried out by the experimental apparatus. Based on the experimental data, the heat transfer performances of BHE under heating and cooling modes were evaluated, and the ground thermal properties, which include the ground thermal conductivity, ground volumetric specific heat, borehole thermal resistance and effective soil thermal resistance, were determined by the line source model. The results indicate that the experimental device and analysis model proposed in this article can be effectively applied to estimate the ground thermal properties and thermal performance of BHE. During the process of thermal response of ground, the fluid temperatures vary acutely at the start-stage of 8 h, and then tend to be a steady state after 40 h. The test data during the start-stage should be discarded for improving the estimation accuracy of ground thermal properties. At the same time, the effective soil thermal resistance increases continuously with time and a steady-state value would be reached after the start-time, and this steady-state thermal resistance can be used to evaluate the required length of BHE. In addition, the heat transfer rate of the BHE under different operating conditions can be used for the further evaluation on long-term operation performance of GCHPs.     

青岛蓝色硅谷土壤热物性测试与分析

青岛蓝色硅谷区域地质构造特殊,地热资源丰富。目前该区域地热资源的勘查程度较低,地热资源利用形式单一,优质地热资源浪费严重。本文采用岩土热响应测试法对蓝色硅谷区域内的地埋管测试孔的岩土热物性进行了现场测试,利用48 h的测试数据,采用线热源模型进行数据分析,得到土壤导热系数为2.278 W/(m∙K)。同时,采用柱热源模型模拟夏季工况,得到的流体温度变化趋势与实验工况相同,且进、出水温度分别为35.1℃和30.4℃,与实验工况下的35.1℃及30.8℃吻合较好。该研究可用于指导土壤源热泵的热物性分析以及青岛蓝色硅谷地热资源综合开发。     

The research applications of new heat insulation composite material in automobiles

With the rapid development of its unique advantages, nonwoven fabric has become the leading material of automotive textiles. Nonwoven fabric has become an ideal material for automobiles and replaced traditional textiles and plastic products. This paper takes a car as the research model. A DRL‐2B thermal conductivity tester was used to test thermal conductivity of the material based on the plate method. Material systems and structures of new types of heat insulation composite materials were determined according to test results and the theory of heat transfer. Then, the final new type of heat insulation material was determined by calculating and comparing average heat transfer coefficients and heat transfer between traditional insulation materials and new types of heat insulation materials. The calculated results were verified by experiments in this paper. All the test results show that the new type of composite insulation material is significantly better than traditional insulation materials, and the test results match the calculated results.     

First in situ determination of ground and borehole thermal properties in Latin America

The design of a ground heat exchanger for Underground Thermal Energy Storage (UTES) applications requires, among other parameters, knowledge of the thermal properties of the soil (thermal conductivity, borehole thermal resistance and undisturbed soil temperature). In situ determination of these properties can be done by installing a vertical borehole heat exchanger (BHE) and performing the so-called thermal response test (TRT). The present paper describes the results of a cooperative work between research groups of Chile and Argentina, which led to the first thermal response test performed in Latin America. A setup for implementing the TRT was prepared at the “Solar Energy Laboratory” of the Technical University Federico Santa Maria, Valparaiso, Chile. The test was realized over 9 days (24 June to 3 July 2003) while inlet and outlet fluid temperatures of the BHE and the ambient temperature were measured every minute. A comparison between conventional slope determination method, Geothermal Properties Measurement (GPM) data evaluation software based on numerical solutions to the differential equations governing the heat transfer processes and two variable-parameter fitting was performed in order to calculate the thermal conductivity and borehole thermal resistance. The detailed study of ground properties in different regions of Chile and Latin America (Argentina, Brazil) is a good precondition for future investigation and application of the Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES) technology in the region.     

太阳能相变蓄热应用于吸收式制冷的分析

介绍了一种将太阳能相变蓄热技术应用于两级吸收式制冷的新型空调系统,简要分析了该系统的装置结构、工作原理和使用优点。对相变蓄热装置放热过程中放热盘管出水温度随放热时间的变化关系进行了实验测量,并对两级吸收式制冷系统效率进行了分析。通过研究可知,该太阳能空调系统有效解决了以往系统不稳定性和间断性问题;太阳能相变蓄热装置具有体积小、蓄热量大、放热速率大、连续放热温度均匀、便于控制热源加热温度等特点,适合储存太阳能并为吸收式制冷系统提供加热热源。综合考虑系统设备简单,加工要求低的制造特点,所以吸收式制冷以太阳能等低品位热源驱动有着良好的发展前景。     

Reference data sets for vertical borehole ground heat exchanger models and thermal response test analysis

Ground source heat pump systems often use vertical boreholes to exchange heat with the ground. Two areas of active research are the development of models to predict the thermal performance of vertical boreholes and improved procedures for analysis of in situ thermal conductivity tests, commonly known as thermal response tests (TRT). Both the models and analysis procedures ultimately need to be validated by comparing them to actual borehole data sets. This paper describes reference data sets for researchers to test their borehole models. The data sets are from a large laboratory “sandbox” containing a borehole with a U-tube. The tests are made under more controlled conditions than can be obtained in field tests. Thermal response tests on the borehole include temperature measurements on the borehole wall and within the surrounding soil, which are not usually available in field tests. The test data provide independent values of soil thermal conductivity and borehole thermal resistance for verifying borehole models and TRT analysis procedures. As an illustration, several borehole models are compared with one of the thermal response tests.     

Thermal Energy Storage and Phase Change Materials: An Overview

The storage of thermal energy in the form of sensible and latent heat has become an important aspect of energy management with the emphasis on efficient use and conservation of the waste heat and solar energy in industry and buildings. Latent heat storage is one of the most efficient ways of storing thermal energy. Solar energy is a renewable energy source that can generate electricity, provide hot water, heat and cool a house, and provide lighting for buildings. Paraffin waxes are cheap and have moderate thermal energy storage density but low thermal conductivity and, hence, require a large surface area. Hydrated salts have a larger energy storage density and a higher thermal conductivity. In response to increasing electrical energy costs and the desire for better lad management, thermal storage technology has recently been developed. The storage of thermal energy in the form of sensible and latent heat has become an important aspect of energy management with the emphasis on the efficient use and conservation of the waste heat and solar energy in the industry and buildings. Thermal storage has been characterized as a kind of thermal battery.