Unitary-ESPRIT Algorithm for Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation for Interleaved OFDMA Uplink Systems

The carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation is an important task for orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA) systems. Making use of the intrinsic periodic structure of the received signal samples, an effective Unitary-ESPRIT algorithm based on unitary transformation technique is proposed for the CFO estimation problem. Compared with other recently proposed CFO estimation approaches, the proposed algorithm offers a number of advantages. Firstly, the presented approach can reduce the computation complexity considerably, since it is efficiently formulated in terms of real-valued computation except for the data preprocessing. Secondly, it can provide better CFO estimation performance by incorporating the data stacking technology and the unitary transformation, etc. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.     

Joint Maximum-Likelihood CFO and Channel Estimation for OFDMA Uplink Using Importance Sampling

In this paper, the optimal carrier frequency offset (CFO) and channel estimator for an orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA) uplink based on a joint maximum-likelihood (ML) criterion is derived. Direct implementation of the resultant estimation scheme is challenging due to the need for a multidimensional exhaustive search in multi-CFO estimation. To solve this problem, an optimization theorem is exploited, and a computationally efficient method using an importance sampling technique is proposed. Without the need to provide an initial estimate, the proposed estimator guarantees the generation of the global optimal solution. Simulation results clearly verify the effectiveness of the proposed estimation scheme.      

交织OFDMA上行系统CFO估计算法的研究

文中对OFDMA系统中的子载波分配方法进行了研究,介绍了两种子载波分配方法的原理,对两种子载波分配方法进行了仿真,结果显示在频率选择性衰落信道中交织分配的OFDMA系统要比块分配的OFDMA系统获得更多的频率分集.给出了交织OFDMA系统上行链路的信号结构,由于发射机和接收机之间存在的载波频率偏移(CFO)将会影响子载波间的正交性,对多用户的CFO估计提出了一种估计算法,仿真的结果显示所提出的算法具有较好的性能.     

基于阵列天线的低复杂度OFDMA上行链路载频偏估计方法

 提出一种基于阵列天线的正交频分多址（OFDMA）上行链路载频偏闭式盲估计方法,基站端配备阵列天线,该方法基于各天线阵元的空域快拍之间存在的旋转不变性,结合子空间平滑的思想,可在低运算复杂度的条件下,利用波达方向矩阵法得到信号空间的原始基底,由此可进一步同时获得各子载波对应用户的波达方向（DOA）与载频偏的闭式估计.该方法支持任意子载波分配方案以及满负载系统,并且可根据当前系统负载动态调整估计复杂度.理论分析和仿真结果验证了本文方法的有效性.     

A Non-Pilot Aided Iterative Carrier Frequency Offset Estimator Using Optimal Filtering for an Interleaved OFDMA Uplink System

In an uplink transmission of a coded orthogonal frequency division multiple access (C-OFDMA) system, channel estimation, time and frequency synchronization has to be addressed. For this purpose a control data, i.e. a known training sequence called “preamble” and pilot sub-carriers are used. As an alternative to the classic scheme and in order to maximize the data rate, we propose a non-pilot aided estimator based on an iterative architecture that does not require pilot sub-carriers. Our approach combines 1/ the so-called minimum mean square error successive detector to estimate the signal sent by each user 2/ a recursive method estimating the CFOs. Various algorithms such as the extended Kalman filter, the sigma-point Kalman filters and the extended H _∞ filter are tested and their performances are compared in terms of convergence speed and estimation accuracy. When considering an interleaved OFDMA uplink system over a Rayleigh fading channel, simulation results clearly show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in terms of CFO estimation and bit error rate performances.     

Multiple-Access Interference Suppression for Interleaved OFDMA System Uplink

In this paper, the issue of multiple-access interference (MAI) suppression for the uplink in an interleaved orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA) system is investigated. In such a system, a carrier frequency offset (CFO) disrupts the orthogonality between the subcarriers and gives rise to MAI among users. Based on the signature vector formulated for each user, we propose a novel detector that performs MAI suppression before CFO compensation and fast Fourier transform (FFT) demodulation. Subspace zero-forcing and minimum mean square error (MMSE) techniques are then developed to suppress MAI. The proposed scheme is shown to become almost MAI free, provided that the CFO estimation is accurate enough. From the obtained simulation results, the proposed scheme is also found to be able to enhance the system performance at low complexity.     

OFDMA系统上行链路的符号定时估计

在多径信道中,任何符号定时的变化,都会增加OFDMA系统对时延扩展的敏感程度,为了获得最佳的系统性能,需要尽量减小符号定时同步的误差.已有的符号定时估计算法多是基于特定训练序列的,其优点是实现简单且较为准确,但需要占用额外的频谱资源,且时间偏移量需小于循环前缀的长度.文中提出的基于子载波相位差分的符号定时估计算法是一种盲估计算法,不需要额外发送训练序列,节省了资源,且对时间偏移量大于循环前缀的情况同样适用.     

任意子载波分配OFDMA上行链路CFO估计及补偿方法

正交频分多址(OFDMA)技术是正交频分复用技术(OFDM)的扩展。与OFDM一样,它对载波频偏(CFO)相当敏感。该文针对多用户任意子载波分配的OFDMA上行链路系统提出一种基于导频辅助的CFO估计方法,并在此基础上给出一种低复杂度CFO补偿方法。仿真结果表明,该方法计算复杂度低,性能良好。     

A Resource Allocator for the Uplink of Multi-Cell OFDMA Systems

We propose a simple distributed radio resource allocation algorithm for an OFDMA cellular system, which aims at minimizing the overall transmitted power subject to a rate constraint for each user. In order to reduce the problem complexity we use a single modulation; simulations show that the resulting performance degradation is negligible when the number of users is high enough. Moreover, we propose a simple distributed heuristic that, by reducing the rate constraints, steers the multicell system towards an stable resource allocation. Results show that the proposed system exhibits a great robustness to the destructive effects of multiple access interference.     

Joint Estimation of the Timing and Frequency Offset for Uplink OFDMA

Inheriting all the advantages of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), plus the ability to offer a fine level of bit granularity and dynamic subcarrier allocation for multiuser diversity, the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) has emerged as a potential candidate for multiple access technique for future broadband wireless networks. However, the benefits of OFDMA come with stringent requirements on synchronization, especially in the uplink. Unless the timing offsets (TOs) and carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) among users in the uplink are kept under tolerable ranges, inter-symbol interference (ISI), inter-channel interference (ICI) and multi-user interference (MUI) will occur, which degrade the overall system performance severely. Accurate estimation of TOs and CFOs is required for each user, so that they can be accounted for at the user’s side or compesated for at the base station. This paper proposes a novel method to estimate jointly TOs and CFOs in the time-domain for multi-user in the OFDMA uplink. The method is shown to offer good accuracy, while maintaining a reasonable complexity compared to conventional estimation schemes.     

一种改进的OFDM系统CFO的盲估计方法

OFDM系统的载波频偏导致相邻OFDM符号相同子载波上的信号功率产生了差异。基于这个思想,利用OFDM信号的4阶矩与频偏满足余弦函数关系的特点,提出一种载波频偏估计的改进方法,即子载波功率差分估计方法。该方法具有简单的闭式解,避免了迭代搜索过程,降低了计算量,同时也适用于慢时变的频率选择性衰落信道。仿真实验表明,与现有方法相比,改进后的方法在降低计算复杂度的同时也具有良好的估计性能。     

一种基于周期平稳的上行OFDMA系统同步参数盲估计方法

该文给出了一种应用于上行正交频分多址(OFDMA)系统的同步参数盲估计方法。该方法利用信号的二阶周期平稳特性,针对不同的子载波分配策略,对信道的频偏和时延进行了估计。性能仿真证明,这种盲估计方法具有较高的精度和很好的抗噪特性。     

Uplink Channel Estimation for Multi-user OFDM-based Systems

In this paper we propose a simple, yet flexible and efficient, channel estimator for the uplink in broadband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The processing is performed in the time-domain, by extracting the Channel’s Impulse Response (CIR) for each user from a joint training signal. In this OFDM system, the pilot sequence we advocate, where all users share the same pilot sub-carriers, consists of one OFDM-symbol endowed with time-shifted properties per user, which isolates each user’s CIR and is robust against multi-user interference. The feasibility of our approach is substantiated by system simulation results obtained using BRAN-A broadband mobile wireless channel model.

基于ML和ESPRIT方法的OFDMA上行链路频偏估计算法

由于载波频偏会给正交频分多址接入OFDMA系统带来子载波之间干扰,从而造成多用户之间的干扰,导致系统性能下降。该文提出一种基于ESPRIT和ML方法联合估计的频偏估计算法。该算法首先使用ESPRIT方法估计出多个可能的频偏构成的子集,然后使用最大似然估计方法在这个有限子集合中搜索出估计的频偏。该算法解决了使用似然估计进行多维搜索的问题,大大降低了算法的复杂度,同时解决了多个频偏估计的问题。     

Firefly Algorithm for Joint Estimation of Frequency Offsets and Channel in OFDMA Uplink

This paper addresses the problem of joint maximum-likelihood estimation of carrier frequency offsets, and channel responses in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) uplink, which is a computationally-intensive, multiparameter, multidimensional problem. We propose to apply a recently-developed meta-heuristic algorithm called the firefly algorithm (FA) for the estimation of required parameters. We also introduce a new initialization procedure for the FA algorithm based on the separability of cost functions, which drastically reduces its computational complexity. A separate pilot OFDMA symbol is transmitted prior to the data symbols to estimate the parameters. The proposed technique is shown to achieve excellent performance at reduced computational complexity, especially at low signal-to-noise ratio. Also, it can be applied to OFDMA systems with any type of carrier assignment schemes. The significant features of the proposed estimation method are substantiated through extensive computer simulation studies and are compared with an important classical estimation technique available for the problem, to highlight its superiority.     

上行 OFDMA 系统中基于业务统计信息的高能效资源分配算法

该文研究了上行 OFDMA 系统中高能效资源分配问题.首先,在考虑数据包重传条件下将多用户上行OFDMA 系统建模成 M/G/1排队系统,该系统的业务服务速率由其分配得到的资源和当前信道共同决定.在业务平均时延约束下,建立了基于业务统计特性的能效资源分配优化模型.该问题为 NP 难问题,文中提出一种启发式算法,将资源分配分为两步进行:子信道数目确定和子信道分配.仿真表明,所提算法能够在保证业务平均时延的要求下,有效地提升系统能效.     

Carrier Frequency Offset Compensation with Successive Cancellation in Uplink OFDMA Systems

Similar to OFDM systems, OFDMA systems also suffer from frequency mismatches between the receiver and the transmitter. However, the fact that each uplink user has a different frequency offset makes the compensation more challenging than that of OFDM systems. This letter proposes successive interference cancellation (SIC) for compensating the frequency offset in the uplink OFDMA systems. A decorrelator is used to remove the inter-carrier interference (ICI) within a user's signal and successive cancellation is applied to mitigate the multi access interference (MAI) arising due to the frequency difference among uplink users. The proposed algorithm is shown to eliminate the interference and has a manageable complexity.     

OFDMA Uplink Performance for Interactive Wireless Broadcasting

A combination of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) called OFDMA is regarded as a promising solution for improving the performance of interactive wireless broadcasting systems. This work focuses on the performance of OFDM when used as a modulation and access technique for the uplink of an interactive wireless broadcasting system. In such an application, we present our investigations of the effects of symbol timing misalignments and peak-to-average power ratio (PAR). Under the condition of the same side information bits, the selective mapping (SLM) approach can be implemented by decimating OFDM samples, which is less complex compared to the ordinary SLM incurring a slight degradation of the PAR performance. Taking into account the effects of clipping operation and symbol timing misalignment, the bit error rate (BER) and throughput performances are investigated for a typical OFDMA uplink scenario.