采煤机自主导航截割原理及关键技术

深部煤层构造较为复杂,实现采煤机无人驾驶开采更加困难。在总结采煤机结构和截割调控技术演变历程基础上,提出采煤机截割调控技术在经历了人工目测截割、机载探测截割、示教记忆截割3个发展阶段后,已经进入到自主导航截割的第4阶段,并提出了适用于深部煤层采煤机自动驾驶的导航截割理论与技术框架,包括导航地图、位姿感知、路径规划、姿态控制4项技术内涵和精细化煤层截割定位地图、精准化煤层截割导航地图、动态化煤层截割导控地图、采煤机融合定位方法、定位精度提升、智采机组全位姿参数矩阵建立、物理-虚拟模型驱动与交互、无人驾驶防冲撞路径规划、截割作业智能调高调直9项关键技术。系统阐述了采煤机自主导航截割相关核心技术基本原理:首先,构建煤层智能化开采导航地图,从精细化煤层截割定位、精准化煤层截割导航和动态化煤层截割导控3个关键步骤实现地图构建及更新;其次,通过融合定位和定位精度提升方法,完成了采煤机位姿精确感知;再次,创建智采机组全位姿参数矩阵,并结合物理-虚拟模型驱动与交互技术构建出导航截割数字孪生系统;最后,基于实时综采装备位姿状态和煤层导航地图信息,实现了无人驾驶防干涉防冲撞路径规划、截割滚筒自适应调高控制...     

Guidance for the Integrated Use of Hydrological,Geochemical, and Isotopic Tools in Mining Operations

This paper summarizes international state-of-the-art applications and opportunities for employing and deploying hydrological, geochemical, and isotopic tools in an integrated manner for investigations of mining operations. It is intended to aid formulation of more integrated approaches for evaluating the overall sustainability of mining projects. The focus is particularly on mine waters, including: environmental water sources, mine water dynamics, and as a source and vector for pollution in the wider environment. The guidance is generic to mining projects and not just reflective of a particular extraction (e.g. coal, metalliferous, uranium) industry. A mine life cycle perspective has been adopted to highlight the potential for more integrated investigations at each stage of a mining operation. Three types of mines have been considered: new (i.e. those in the planning stage), active (i.e. working mines), and historical mines (i.e. inactive and abandoned mines). The practical usage of geochemical analyses and isotopic studies described here emphasise characterisation, dynamics, and process understanding for water quality considerations in tandem with water resource and environmental impact implications. Both environmental (i.e. ambient) and applied (i.e. injected) tracers are considered. This guide is written for scientists (including isotope specialists) who have limited or no mine water experience, environmental managers, planners, consultants, and regulators with key interests in planned, active, and legacy mining projects.

     

Waste rock dumping optimisation using mixed integer programming (MIP)

Despite the fact that waste rock hauling and dumping comprises a large proportion of the cost of materials handling in an open pit mine, little detailed planning is devoted to optimising waste rock dumping. The lack of such planning could result in long-term exposure of potential acid forming (PAF) waste rock, causing acid mine drainage (AMD), which would incur ongoing collection and treatment costs. A waste rock dumping plan that not only minimises hauling costs, but also involves the encapsulation of PAF waste rock to minimise AMD, would benefit a mining operation economically and environmentally. In order to create such a plan, two new mixed integer programming (MIP) models are formulated and tested with a five-year mining schedule. Optimised dumping plans are automatically generated, which detail the dumping location for each mining block. A manual approach is also attempted, and comparison shows that the MIP models have obvious advantages in error prevention, faster solution time and cost saving, by up to 9.5%.     

基于绿色制造的切削技术研究

切削加工当中的环境污染问题日益受到关注,绿色切削是切削技术发展的必然趋势。对绿色切削技术应用的必要性、绿色切削的工艺和绿色切削的关键技术进行了全面的论述和研究。     

A GIS-based methodology for identifying sustainability conflict areas in mine design – a case study from a surface coal mine in the USA

Through proper design, coal mining operations can contribute to the social, economic and environmental aspects of sustainable development. The regulatory and permitting programmes for coal mining in the United States, which often focus on several largely environmental parameters, are barriers to holistic consideration of these three sustainability pillars. Some changes in the current US regulatory framework may be necessary to allow for systematic consideration of economic, environmental and social factors in order to achieve more sustainable development of mineral and energy resources. In the quest towards more sustainable mining activities, it has been suggested that mine design may be optimised in the context of sustainability using a systems engineering approach that simultaneously considers economic, environmental and social factors. The use of geographic information system (GIS) tools may aid in this approach by allowing for spatial analyses of various resources (e.g. mineral values, water resources, community infrastructure) and identification of potential areas of conflict between these factors. By GIS analysis of the on-the-ground issues related to sustainability, the key parameters to be considered in decision-making were identified. This type of analysis is crucial not only for regulatory compliance, but also to ensure that the operation has obtained the ‘social licence’ to mine. To demonstrate this approach, a case study was conducted on a mountaintop coal mining operation in central Appalachia. High-conflict areas were found to be primarily concentrated near streams and residential developments through the use of GIS. The case study suggests that use of this approach could have allowed for better communications and planning. The controversies surrounding permitting at the site, including litigation, could have also been avoided. Adoption of such a process could assist in the transition to a new regulatory framework that promotes and is based on sustainable development principles.     

矿山经营参数整体动态优化系统的研究

将矿山采矿、选矿全过程作为模型，结合最先进的采、选工艺、设备技术，以矿山经营整体经济效益最优化为目标建立了矿山经营参数整体动态优化模型，并结合实际，以边界品位、损失率、贫化率、出矿截止品位、干选选比、甩废石矿石品位、选矿比、精矿品位为变量，对弓长岭矿业公司矿山经营系统进行了整体优化，其优化结果不仅提供了各参数的控制指标，而且可年增加经济效益6882．8万元。     

New concepts for lithium minerals processing

A new concept for the enrichment of lithium minerals is offering higher purity and higher yield by applying new processing technologies addressing the specific properties of the pegmatitic host rock. Additional value is created from high quality by-products which will improve the sustainability of mining activity and the overall cost base. Within the new concept, flotation may even be avoided where wet separation techniques are not applicable.Two innovative processing technologies have been integrated in the new concept: electrodynamic fragmentation and optical sorting. Detailed results of lab-technical tests show that the new process design can achieve highly selective liberation and separation processes. Optical and mineralogical analyses of the test products indicate a high benefit for commercial applications.     

高边坡排土场综合管理与监测

高边坡排土场的安全排弃及日常监控是矿山管理的一项重要内容,直接关系到露天采矿的安全有序生产,因此建立健全排土场安全生产管理制度显得尤为重要。大宝山757排土场具有陡、高、险、湿滑等特点,针对影响排土场安全的主要因素（沉降、位移、裂缝及其他辅助因素等）进行科学监测与分析,对作业管理工序做统筹布置。从而保证了排土场的施工安全,实现分台阶排土的良性格局。为今后类似工程提供了宝贵的借鉴。     

基于“互联网+”智慧露天煤矿建设发展新构想

智慧露天煤矿建设不是各种信息化系统的简单堆砌,而是通过将物联网、大数据、云计算、人工智能、移动互联网、无人机、三维激光扫描等技术和装备与露天矿山开采有机结合,形成露天矿山互联、感知、分析、自学习、预测、决策、控制的完整的具有符合露天矿智能开采的“智慧大脑”系统。通过对露天矿山“智慧大脑”的构建,从无人机测量、智能调度及物料流规划、违章行为智能识别以及多源数据融合等角度出发,最终实现露天矿采掘、运输、排土、洗选、物流、风险预警、生态保护、安全管理等各个生产环节的智能化、开采资源利用的最大化、生态开采扰动的最小化、生态恢复的最优化、职业卫生危害的降低和矿山生产的无人化,实现“互联网+”的露天矿山智慧化生产、精细化开采,对我国金属、非金属露天矿山智能化建设同样具有重要借鉴。     

基于全生命周期的矿产资源开发环境影响评估——以贵州松桃锰矿整装勘查区为例

以贵州松桃整装勘查区为研究对象,运用全生命周期评估方法对锰矿资源开采和利用过程中存在的环境问题进行了理论探讨和实证分析。从资源开采、运输流通、深加工3个阶段,对锰矿资源开发中的生态系统服务价值、区域固碳能力、碳排放等进行评估,并分析了2003—2015年研究区锰矿开采造成的环境负面影响的演化路径。结果表明,研究区锰矿资源开发对区域生态环境造成了较严重的破坏,3个阶段都存在不同程度的环境负面效应,其中生态系统服务损失主要集中在矿石开采环节,碳排放的负面影响主要集中在产品运输和电解锰生产环节。随着对锰矿石资源利用规模和强度的增大,区域生态环境受到的负面影响逐渐加深。基于此,提出通过整合矿权设置、提高电解锰企业的集中度、改进开采工艺和进一步加强环境规制等措施来减少锰矿资源开发的环境负面影响。     

基于精确大地坐标的煤矿透明化智能综采工作面自适应割煤关键技术研究及系统应用

目前煤矿智能综采工作面存在生产环境状态不透明、成套装备难以应对煤层起伏变化、信息化与智能化集成度不高等问题,其系统的适应性和实用性受到影响。具体而言,主要是缺乏基于地理信息系统的可视化数字孪生管控平台,无法实现基于统一大地坐标驱动的透明化工作面的自适应割煤。为突破相关技术难题,提出并研究了测量机器人大地坐标传导、透明化工作面系统建立和动态修正、5G通信、采煤机与地质模型的自适应耦合以及基于时态地理信息系统（TGIS）的“一张图”一体化管控平台等多项关键技术,完成了多维可视化软件系统的开发与硬件系统的高度集成,实现了：(1)采煤机、刮板输送机等固定或移动目标点达毫米或厘米级的精确定位;(2)三维地测模型、设备模型、开采环境与工业控制之间的基于逻辑关系的一体化集成和数字孪生系统的构建;(3)综采工作面采煤机、视频、惯导、测量机器人和地质雷达等信息的可靠、实时传输;(4)为地面调度指挥控制中心的远程决策和智能自适应控制提供了可视化管控环境。系统已经成功应用于临沂矿业集团菏泽煤电郭屯煤矿3301,2305两个工作面,初步实现了较为复杂地质条件下的智能化自适应开采和地面远程管控。     

基于高精度三维动态地质模型的采煤机自适应智能截割技术研究

采煤机使用“记忆截割”技术割煤时,需要进行人工领刀,且对煤层赋存条件要求较高,当煤层起伏较大时需要频繁示教领刀。“记忆截割”技术仅针对下一刀煤层顶板截割路径进行优化,在采煤机推进方向无法根据煤层的赋存形态对采煤机俯仰采路线进行精确规划与控制。本文基于采煤机自适应智能截割理念,设计了综采工作面采煤机智能截割系统运行模式,利用煤层精细化物探数据构建工作面高精度三维地质模型,而后利用地质模型对采煤机的未来截割路径进行规划,并在开采过程中根据工作面揭露的最新地质资料动态修正高精度三维地质模型。将高精度三维动态地质模型与采煤机开采规划算法耦合,提出可自适应煤层变化的采煤机开采控制基线规划算法,实现对采煤机推进方向的俯仰采控制与牵引方向的截割控制,以及地质模型更新、开采基线规划与采煤机滚筒调整之间的高效协作。设计了智能截割系统内滚筒调整参量的计算服务接口,以及智能截割系统与采煤机控制系统间的通讯协议,实现了采煤机滚筒基于规划截割路径的精准控制。实践表明,采煤机智能截割系统适用于底板倾角各种变化程度的煤层,采煤机截割线更好地贴合煤层顶、底板线,节约资源,提高生产效率。     

石人沟铁矿内部排岩工艺的应用

我对石人沟铁矿生产初期征用的排土场地排满，新征土地困难且成本高的情况，利用采场狭长的特点，研究并实施了强采南区，中、北区岩石进行内部排岩的生产工艺，取得经济效益４７００多万元。     

Integrated mine and tailings planning: a mixed integer linear programming model

Long-term mine planning models maximise the net present value of the extracted ore over the mine lifetime. In oil sands mining, further processing of ore material results in massive volumes of tailings slurry. Composite tailings (CT) production is one of the common technologies used for tailings dewatering. In this paper, a tailings model is developed to calculate the volume of CT. An integrated mixed integer linear programming model is developed to optimise the long-term mine planning model with respect to CT production and deposition. The model is verified by carrying out a case study on an oil sands data-set, resulting in integer solution within 1% optimality gap.     

我国环境规划现状及存在问题分析

环境规划是协调经济发展与环境保护的有效工具。文章在介绍国外环境规划研究概况后分析了我国环境规划的现状及存在问题,指出建立完善的规划体系和综合决策方法是环境规划的发展趋势。     

煤矿远程智能掘进面临的挑战与研究进展

煤矿巷道掘进智能化相关理论与技术研究是当前解决"采掘失衡"难题的基石.远程智能掘进是实现少人甚至无人化掘进作业的根本目标和远景,面临单一掘进装备定位与控制、设备群协同、人-机-环感知与呈现,以及远程智能决策等瓶颈问题.聚焦巷道近程或地面远程智能掘进场景控制需求,提出了数字孪生驱动掘进装备远程智能控制技术构架,通过构建掘...     

基于平行系统理论的矿山安全作业系统的建立

以数字矿山的三维可视化和虚拟环境为平台,利用三维GIS、虚拟现实等技术手段,将矿山地上地下场景、采矿过程及其引起的相关现象进行三维数字化建模,并以此为基础,探讨在真三维环境中集成矿山开发与运行的相关信息,解决数字矿山建设过程中基础信息不足、信息孤岛和可视化等方面的问题。通过建立三维数字矿山信息集成管理系统,实现对矿山开发与运行的科学预测、规划、控制和监测,对提高矿山企业的运作效率、安全生产水平,增强矿山企业的竞争力,实现可持续发展具有重要意义。     

三维数字矿山信息集成管理系统设计与实现

以数字矿山的三维可视化和虚拟环境为平台,利用三维GIS、虚拟现实等技术手段,将矿山地上地下场景、采矿过程及其引起的相关现象进行三维数字化建模,并以此为基础,探讨在真三维环境中集成矿山开发与运行的相关信息,解决数字矿山建设过程中基础信息不足、信息孤岛和可视化等方面的问题。通过建立三维数字矿山信息集成管理系统,实现对矿山开发与运行的科学预测、规划、控制和监测,对提高矿山企业的运作效率、安全生产水平,增强矿山企业的竞争力,实现可持续发展具有重要意义。     

地下采选一体化工程关键技术及设计实践

基于张家湾铁矿工程,对地下采选一体化工程的采矿方法、选矿工艺、总体布局、开拓运输等关键技术进行了分析研究,优化了技术方案,实现了地下采选一体化、无废排放、绿色环保,完成了张家湾铁矿地下采选一体化工程的初步设计。该设计地下选矿厂靠近采场,布置在围岩较稳固的岩体中,尾矿就近排入采空区,生产成本较低,可以作为矿山开展下阶段施工设计和建设的依据,也可供同类矿山建设参考。     

基于AI视频识别技术的井下规范操作监控系统设计

彬长矿区所属的煤矿地质条件极其复杂、灾害严重,亟待创新管理方式.为实现针对生产过程的实时感知、主动预警、精准分析,推动安全管理工作由"事后处理"向"事前管控"转变,将人工智能技术与安全生产管理活动结合,设计了智能化视频监控系统对井下多个作业场景进行智能识别.通过分析系统预期目标及关键技术,明确了基于端侧接入、边侧推理、...