玻璃纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料在水润滑下的摩擦学性能

利用球盘式摩擦磨损试验机考察了玻璃纤维(GF)增强聚醚醚酮(PEEK)复合材料在干摩擦和水润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能,并探讨了其磨损机理。结果表明:在干摩擦和水润滑条件下,PEEK和GF/PEEK的摩擦因数和磨损率均随载荷和对磨时间的增加逐渐增大并趋于稳定,GF的加入可以显著降低GF/PEEK复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率;在水润滑条件下,PEEK和GF/PEEK的摩擦因数和磨损率比干摩擦下显著降低。干摩擦下,PEEK以黏着磨损和磨粒磨损的混合磨损形式为主,水润滑条件下,磨损方式主要是以轻微的黏着磨损为主;干摩擦下,GF/PEEK磨损表面有大量的微观断裂裂纹和破碎,以磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损为主,水润滑条件下,磨损表面仅有微观切削的痕迹,磨损方式以轻微磨粒磨损为主。由于水的冷却和润滑作用,使得复合材料向对偶钢球的黏着转移明显减弱,同时阻止了对偶钢球上的Fe向复合材料磨损表面转移,从而减轻摩擦、降低摩擦表面温升,显著改善复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。     

炭纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料在水润滑下的摩擦学行为

考察了炭纤维及PTFE增强PEEK复合材料在干摩擦和水润滑下的摩擦学性能,并研究了该复合材料在两种条件下的磨损机理.结果表明,干摩擦下复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率随负荷的增加不断减小;水润滑下复合材料的摩擦系数随负荷的变化不大,磨损率随负荷的增加而增大.干摩擦下,复合材料的磨损以粘着磨损和磨粒磨损为主.水润滑条件下,磨损表面比较光滑,仅有微切削的痕迹,磨损方式以轻微磨粒磨损为主.干摩擦条件下,摩擦对偶表面仅有轻微的犁沟形成,表面形成一层薄而均匀且结合紧密的转移膜.水润滑下,对偶表面犁沟较深,犁削作用明显,转移膜的形成被明显抑制.水的冷却作用使得向摩擦对偶的粘着转移明显减轻,同时由于摩擦表面吸附水膜的边界润滑作用,显著改善复合材料的摩擦磨损性能.     

水润滑条件下氧化锆颗粒及碳纤维共混增强聚醚醚酮复合材料的摩擦性能研究

通过熔融共混法制备了碳纤维(CF)和氧化锆颗粒(ZrO_2)共混增强聚醚醚酮(PEEK)复合材料,并对其水中的摩擦学性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,该混杂增强复合材料在水中具有优异的摩擦学性能,其摩擦系数随载荷的增加无明显变化,而磨损率则随着载荷的增加而逐渐降低。该材料在水中的磨损机制主要表现为轻微的磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损,碳纤维是复合材料耐磨性得到增强的主要原因,其作为复合材料摩擦面表层的主要承载相,承担了两摩擦面之间的大部分载荷,并保护聚合物基体免于受到对磨副的严重磨损。氧化锆颗粒的加入则有效抑制了摩擦过程中碳纤维的破损与脱落,从而使得混杂增强PEEK复合材料比单纯碳纤维增强的PEEK复合材料具有更加优异的耐磨性能。但过多颗粒的加入会加剧疲劳磨损,从而降低材料的耐磨性。     

制动频率对CaSO_4晶须增强树脂基复合摩擦材料性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用热模压成型工艺制备CaSO_4晶须增强树脂基复合摩擦材料(试样A),并选用一种市售材料(试样B)作对比,研究制动频率对两种材料摩擦学性能的影响,利用SEM及EDAX观测磨损表面形貌与表面膜成分变化,并分析其磨损影响机理。结果表明:随着制动频率的变化,由于CaSO_4晶须的增韧补强作用,试样A的摩擦因数始终维持在较高水平0.48左右,制动平稳可靠,对偶件损伤程度轻,磨损机理以磨粒磨损为主;而试样B的摩擦因数则是先降低后升高,且对制动速率的变化敏感,磨损机理以黏着磨损和氧化磨损为主。两种材料摩擦表面温度及磨损率均随着制动频率的变化而升高,但在制动频率小于35次时,两种材料均表现出良好的耐磨性。     

半金属摩阻材料中铜纤维摩擦磨损行为的研究

用扫描电子显微镜(SME)和X-射线能谱分析法(EDX)对铜纤维增强的半金属摩阻材料与灰铸铁对偶滑摩后的摩擦表面进行了分析,研究了摩阻材料中铜纤维的摩擦磨损行为.结果表明,在摩擦磨损过程中,摩阻材料摩擦表面上铜的分布更加弥散化,并且铜纤维具有集铁作用,因而摩阻材料摩擦表面上形成了富铁贫铜表面工作层;铜能从摩阻材料摩擦表面转移到对偶摩擦表面,故对偶摩擦面上分布一定量铜,这是摩擦副具有稳定摩擦系数和良好耐磨性的关键因素;铜纤维取向对摩阻材料摩擦磨损行为有显着影响.     

聚醚醚酮与髌骨软骨间的生物摩擦学特性

以聚醚醚酮(polyetheretherketone,PEEK)与天然软骨为研究对象,医用CoCrMo和天然软骨作为PEEK的对比材料,开展往复滑动摩擦磨损实验,研究法向载荷、滑移速率、摩擦配副对其摩擦磨损行为的影响。结果表明:在小牛血清润滑的条件下,天然股骨软骨/髌骨软骨的摩擦因数最小,PEEK/髌骨软骨摩擦因数明显低于CoCrMo/髌骨软骨,PEEK/髌骨软骨配副的软骨表面磨损轻微,CoCrMo/髌骨软骨配副的软骨表面损伤严重;PEEK/髌骨软骨配副间的摩擦因数随法向载荷的增大而减小,在低载荷条件下(10～20N)表现明显,且法向载荷越大,PEEK表面磨痕越深,摩擦副磨损越严重;PEEK/髌骨软骨配副间的摩擦因数随滑移速率的增大而增大,在高滑移动速率条件下(10～20mm/s)明显,且滑移速率越大,PEEK表面磨痕越深,摩擦副磨损越严重;相对于滑移速率,载荷对摩擦因数的影响更大。     

纳米ZrO_2和聚醚醚酮填充聚四氟乙烯的摩擦学性能基于环-块摩擦模型的演变过程

用不同体积分数的纳米ZrO_2和聚醚醚酮(PEEK)颗粒填充改性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料。使用环-块摩擦磨损试验机测试PTFE复合材料在滑动速度为2 m/s、载荷为200 N的试验条件下的摩擦学性能。获取不同阶段摩擦学性能的数据,计算出在整个试验过程中样品的瞬时磨损率。利用扫描电镜观察不同试验阶段对偶钢环表面形貌的变化图像并进行分析。利用仿真模拟软件(ABAQUS)对摩擦过程中PTFE复合材料的接触应力变化进行分析。结果表明,纳米ZrO_2和PEEK颗粒可以协同改善PTFE复合材料的摩擦学性能。特别是添加8%的纳米ZrO_2和20%的PEEK能使PTFE复合材料同时获得最佳的耐磨性(1.29×10~(-6) mm~3/Nm)和较低的摩擦系数。在摩擦试验的后期PTFE复合材料的瞬时磨损率突然急剧上升。根据瞬时磨损率、磨损表面、转移膜形貌和磨屑形态特征的变化规律,将整个磨损过程分为3个阶段(低磨损阶段、过渡磨损阶段和严重磨损阶段)。     

Mo_2C改性C/C-Cu复合材料的组织及载流摩擦磨损性能

采用熔盐法在低密度炭/炭(C/C)坯体内孔表面制备了Mo_2C涂层,然后通过无压熔渗制备了C/C-Cu复合材料,研究了C/C-Cu复合材料的组织结构及载流摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:熔融Cu可自发渗入制备了Mo_2C内涂层的C/C坯体,复合材料中Cu相与C/C坯体形成相互贯穿的连通网络结构,Mo_2C涂层与Cu和热解炭(PyC)间均有良好的界面结合,反应生成Mo_2C过程中的催化石墨化及应力石墨化共同作用使C/C-Cu复合材料中Mo_2C涂层附近PyC的有序度提高。随载荷增大,C/C-Cu复合材料的摩擦系数逐渐降低,体积磨损率增大,而对偶的质量损失逐渐降低;载荷较大时材料磨损表面被摩擦膜覆盖的面积增大,但因粘着磨损摩擦膜的粗糙程度提高。材料磨损过程中还发生了氧化磨损,且载荷增大磨损表面O含量提高。     

对偶环粗糙度对铋青铜磨损的影响

使用MRH-3环-块摩擦磨损实验机研究了油润滑条件下对偶钢环(GCr15)表面的粗糙度对铋青铜(CuSn10Bi3)磨损的影响。对不同磨损阶段的摩擦表面进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和三维轮廓表征、分析了油液粒径并对微凸体摩擦过程进行数值模拟,将实验与仿真相结合从微观角度揭示了CuSn10Bi3的磨损机理。结果表明：对偶环表面的粗糙度对铋青铜的磨损过程有显著的影响。对偶环粗糙度Ra从0.01提高到0.8时摩擦学性能的各项指标约增大2倍,全程产生的磨屑尺寸增大1.5倍,磨合磨损阶段和剧烈磨损阶段经历的时间增长0.7倍,稳定磨损阶段经历的时间缩短0.4倍。     

超高分子量聚乙烯摩擦磨损行为及拉曼成像

以未交联超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)和交联UHMWPE为研究对象,探讨2种材料在滑动和滚动摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损行为,重点采用拉曼成像的方法分析了磨损表面的结晶度分布和取向分布。结果表明,交联降低了UHMWPE的摩擦系数和磨损率;在滑动摩擦下,交联使UHMWPE的耐磨性提高了96%,在滚动摩擦方式下,交联使UHMWPE的耐磨性提高了41%;拉曼光谱成像表明,UHMWPE和交联UHMWPE磨损区域的表面结晶度都比未摩擦区域高;在滑动摩擦下,纯UHMWPE和交联UHMWPE均发生了取向,而在滚动摩擦下两者都没有发生明显的取向。     

多孔PEEK自润滑材料的制备与摩擦磨损性能

采用模压-滤取和高温真空熔渍工艺制备了多孔聚醚醚酮(PEEK)发汗式自润滑材料,并分别考察了成型压力、造孔剂含量和润滑油脂种类对PEEK多孔自润滑材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,压力为100MPa,NaCl的质量分数为30%,采用通用锂基脂时,所得多孔PEEK自润滑材料的磨损率最低,200N下磨损率为2.73×10-16m3/(N.m),与纯PEEK干摩擦相比耐磨性提高了1245倍,其耐磨性较经典的炭纤维增强PEEK复合材料还提高了32倍。研究表明,多孔结构能够储存润滑油,在摩擦过程中能通过发汗作用在对偶面上形成稳定连续的油膜而起到良好的润滑作用,从而大幅降低复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率。     

Structure and Microtribological Mechanism of Teflon Deposited Film

1.IntroductionPolytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)iswidelyusedassolidlubricantandthecomponentofcompositeplat-ingormultilayerfilmintheIowfrictionmaterialsde-...signing.Inthecompositeplating[1]andmultilayerfilml2],Teflonisintheformofultrafineparticlesorthinlayer.Becausethepropertiesoftheselowdimen-sionalmaterialsaredifferentfromtheirbulkstates,itisveryurgenttorevealthepropertiesoftheselowdi-mensionalmaterials,andthendevelopnewmaterialswithhighspecificperformance.In1995,thefrictionforcemicroscope(AF…     

纳米ZrO2填充PEEK的摩擦表面和转移膜

研究了微粒直径分别为１０ｎｍ和８６ｎｍ的两种纳米ＺｒＯ２「填料含量为７．５％（质量分数,下同」填充ＰＥＥＫ的摩擦磨损性能,用扫描电子显微对摩擦表面和转移的形貌进行了观察研究,并对材料的磨损机理作了分析与讨论。     

Influence of CaCO3 Whisker Content on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Polyetheretherketone Composites

The mechanical and tribological properties of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites filled with CaCO3 whisker in various content of 0-45% (wt pct) were investigated. The composite specimens were prepared by compression molding. Tribological testing of composites in dry wear mode against carbon steel ring was carried out on a MM200 block-on-ring apparatus. Data on neat PEEK were also included for comparison. It was observed that inclusion of CaCO3 whisker affected the most mechanical properties and the friction and wear in a beneficial way. With an increase in CaCO3 whisker content, friction coefficient continuously decreased but the trends in wear performance varied. The specific wear rate showed minima as 1.28×10-6 mm3/Nm for 15% CaCO3 whisker inclusion followed by a slow increase for further CaCO3 whisker addition. In terms of friction applications, when the tribological and mechanical properties are combined, the optimal content of CaCO3 whisker in the filled PEEK should be recommended as 15% to 20%. Fairly good correlations are observed in friction coefficient vs bending modulus and wear rate vs bending strength, confirming that the bending properties prove to be the most important tribology controlling parameters in the present work.     

纳米SiC和微米SiC填充聚醚醚酮的磨损机理研究

利用热压法分别以纳米ＳｉＣ和微米ＳｉＣ作为填产制取了两类不同ＳｉＣ填充的聚醚醚酮复合材料，并对它们在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究，同时还用扫描电子显微镜对摩擦表面形貌进行了观察，进而对材料的磨损机理作了分析与讨论。研究结果表明，１０％（ｗｔ）纳米ＳｉＣ作为填料能有效的改善其填充聚醚醚酮的摩擦磨损性能，而相同含量的微米ＳｉＣ作为填为只能使其填充聚醚醚酮的耐磨性能有所改善，但没有减摩效果。微米     

Hybrid effect of nanoparticles with carbon fibers on the mechanical and wear properties of polymer composites

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites reinforced with carbon fibers (CFs) and nano-ZrO₂ particles were prepared by incorporating nanoparticles into PEEK/CF composites via twin-screw extrusion. The effects of nanoparticles on the mechanical and wear properties of the PEEK/CF composites were studied. The results showed that the incorporation of nano-ZrO₂ particles with carbon fiber could effectively enhance the tensile properties of the composites. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the composites increased with the increasing nano-ZrO₂ content. The enhancement effect of the particle was more significant in the hybrid reinforced composites. The compounding of the two fillers also remarkably improved the wear resistance of the composites under water condition especially under high pressures. It was revealed that the excellent wear resistance of the PEEK/CF/ZrO₂ composites was due to a synergy effect between the nano-ZrO₂ particles and CF. CF carried the majority of load during sliding process and prevented severe wear to the matrix. The incorporation of nano-ZrO₂ effectively inhibited the CF failures through reducing the stress concentration on the carbon fibers interface and the shear stress between two sliding surfaces. It was also indicated that the wear rates of the hybrid composites decreased with the increasing applied load and sliding distance under water lubrication. And low friction coefficient and low wear rate could be achieved at high sliding velocity.     

Design of Polymer Coatings in Automotive Engines

Driven by economical and ecological reasons, thermoplastics based coatings were more and more used in automotive engines. Two design concepts, flame spraying and serigraphy PEEK coatings on light metal substrate, were introduced in this paper. The friction and wear behavior of PEEK based coatings were investigated systematically. Coatings with different crystallinities can be obtained when cooling speed is controlled. Among three sprayed coatings considered with different crystallinities, the one with highest crystallinity exhibits best friction and wear behavior under dry sliding condition. Under lubricated sliding condition, however, the amorphous coating gives lower friction coefficient. The micron particles such as SiC,MoS2 and graphite in composite coatings can improve significantly the coating wear resistance and have a impact on coating friction behavior.     

干摩擦对金属材料亚表层微观结构的影响

滑动摩擦可以产生极高的应变和应变率,导致金属表层强烈塑性变形。经过摩擦处理后,纯铜、纯铌表层均发生严重塑性变形。纯铜塑性变形层厚度200—4001μm之间,变形层深度随载荷、速率升高而增加,在200cycles即接近饱和。变形层沿深度方向呈梯度变化分布,其亚表层呈梯度结构,分别为塑性流动层、变形层和基体,最表层晶粒尺寸达到纳米量级。纯铌经过摩擦处理后,磨损量较大,表面较粗糙,且亚表层变形不太均匀。     

工业纯钛TA1的高温摩擦与磨损行为

工业纯钛(TA1)表面塑性剪切抗力较低且氧化膜保护作用有限,在滑动摩擦时会产生严重的磨损行为。经高温氧化处理的TA1圆盘试样通过高温摩擦磨损试验机以及扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)分析,研究实验温度、氧化膜及富氧α层对TA1摩擦磨损行为的影响规律。结果表明,由于磨屑的润滑作用,在相同的载荷和磨损时间下,有氧化层TA1的摩擦因数范围在0.07~0.3,无氧化层TA1摩擦因数范围在0.55~0.9之间。摩擦磨损实验温度越高,有氧化层的TA1摩擦处的犁沟形貌分布越多、越深。对于无氧化层TA1试样,随温度升高和对磨时间的延长,裂纹更易扩展形成剥层磨损。TA1材料的主要磨损方式为剥层磨损、黏着磨损以及氧化磨损,无氧化膜及富氧α层的TA1材料黏着磨损更为严重。表面硬度和磨损机制不同造成高温下摩擦磨损性能的差异。