多谐波源系统的非迭代式谐波潮流分析

为研究多谐波源系统的电能质量问题,提出一种快速的非迭代式谐波潮流分析算法。该算法将基频下的谐波源视为恒功率负荷,根据基频结果计算谐波源的运行参数及模型。联立求解系统的谐波导纳方程和谐波源模型方程,无需迭代即可得到系统中所有节点的各次谐波电压。该算法可考虑谐波源的各次谐波电压和谐波电流之间的相互耦合,也可考虑系统中多个谐波源之间的相互抵消作用。算法以AC/DC整流装置类谐波源为例阐述,可拓展应用于含其他非线性电力电子装置类谐波源的系统中。以存在多个分散式谐波源的实际系统为例,Matlab编程实现算法并与PSCAD时域仿真对比,结果表明:算法准确度高、计算速度快。     

有源电力滤波器任意指定次谐波电流检测和控制策略

基于瞬时无功功率理论,提出了一种利用d-q坐标变换对系统中任意指定次谐波进行精确检测的方法。该方法应用于三相电路中,不受电压和负荷电流不对称情况的影响而得出任意次谐波电流补偿指令。进一步利用基于电压空间矢量脉冲宽度调制(SVPWM)理论的APF补偿电流控制策略验证该检测方法的正确性。在数字信号处理器(DSP)上低通滤波器予以实现,分析了DSP的延时影响并给出了解决方法。理论分析、仿真结果表明所提出的计算和控制方法的有效性,从而为DSP控制有源滤波器的实际应用提供了一定的借鉴意义。     

A three‐phase,active power filter with a predictive‐instantaneous‐current PWM controller

One of the most emphasized problems to be solved in power systems in recent years is the line‐current harmonics problem. This is due to the use of diode rectifiers, PWM converters, nonlinear loads, and so on. To reduce or eliminate such current harmonics, an active power filter (APF), which is a sophisticated power electronic converter, has been studied and used in some practical applications. In this paper, we propose and discuss two new control methods for three‐phase shunt APFs: the sinusoidal line‐current control method and the instantaneous‐reactive‐power compensation control method. They are based on pulsewidth prediction control, or a predictive‐instantaneous‐current PWM control. Neither any instantaneous power information nor coordinate transformation is necessary for control. In the sinusoidal line‐current control scheme, the controller governs the switching devices of the APF by using the pulse width that is optimally predetermined at the beginning of every switching period with the sinusoidal current reference. The line currents flow sinusoidally and are in phase with the voltage accordingly. In the instantaneous‐reactive‐power compensation control, the control is performed so that the resultant circuit of the load and the APF is regarded as a time‐variant conductance circuit model. The APF with this control scheme can cancel effectively the instantaneous reactive component produced by the load though the controller is simple. This paper discusses the performance characteristics of the APFs when a three‐phase diode rectifier and an unbalanced load are connected to the line. The practicability of the proposed methods is verified by experiment. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 130(3): 68–76, 2000     

Operation and control of a hybrid microgrid containing unbalanced and nonlinear loads

This paper shows how the power quality can be improved in a microgrid that is supplying a nonlinear and unbalanced load. The microgrid contains a hybrid combination of inertial and converter interfaced distributed generation units where a decentralized power sharing algorithm is used to control its power management. One of the distributed generators in the microgrid is used as a power quality compensator for the unbalanced and harmonic load. The current reference generation for power quality improvement takes into account the active and reactive power to be supplied by the micro-source which is connected to the compensator. Depending on the power requirement of the nonlinear load, the proposed control scheme can change modes of operation without any external communication interfaces. The compensator can operate in two modes depending on the entire power demand of the unbalanced nonlinear load. The proposed control scheme can even compensate system unbalance caused by the single-phase micro-sources and load changes. The efficacy of the proposed power quality improvement control and method in such a microgrid is validated through extensive simulation studies using PSCAD/EMTDC software with detailed dynamic models of the micro-sources and power electronic converters.     

Teaching nonlinear modeling, simulation, and control of electronic power converters using MATLAB/SIMULINK

This paper describes an efficient method to teach analysis and simulation of power electronic converters to undergraduate students, using system level nonlinear state-space models. System-level modeling of power electronic converters reproduces only the ideal switching behavior of the semiconductors and is a useful concept for the numerical simulation of power converters, since simulations present no convergence problems and require little computational time. Switched state-space models, programmed in the MATLAB/SIMULINK software package, can be advantageously used to simulate power converters at the system level and also to design and study their controllers. Switched state-space nonlinear models should be obtained using a theoretical framework suitable for the enhanced control of variable structure power systems. Since the method is inherently nonlinear, no approximated linear models are needed; and since state-space models are used, modern control techniques (sliding mode, neural networks, fuzzy logic) for power converters can easily be used. This paper summarizes the proposed methodology and gives some examples.     

模块化多电平变流器调速系统变频控制

模块化多电平变流器(MMC)凭借着诸多优势成为高电压大功率工况下的核心拓扑。但MMC变频调速系统运行于低频状态时存在桥臂能量分配不均衡、子模块电容电压波动严重等问题,不仅影响变频器全速域运行能力,甚至威胁系统安全。为解决上述问题,提出一种基于共模电压与偏置电压控制的MMC变频调速系统全速域运行方法,旨在通过控制系统各桥臂瞬时功率以快速抑制子模块电压波动。首先,构建系统数学模型,分析悬浮电容电压波动影响因素;其次,设计变频调速系统的低频控制器与在线模式切换环节;最后,为验证所提控制策略的可行性和有效性,对其进行仿真和实验的对比分析。实验结果表明,所提控制策略能有效抑制MMC变流器子模块电压波动,完成不同频段平滑切换,降低系统损耗,改善系统输出品质,提升MMC系统安全运行能力。     

邻周期采样的数字控制DC-DC开关变换器

针对高频DC-DC开关变换器,提出了数字控制DC-DC开关变换器的邻周期采样(adjacent cycle sampling,ACS)控制方法,缓解硬件处理速度与系统瞬态性能之间的矛盾。依据纹波控制方法,ACS控制算法利用硬件空闲阶段采样数据,增大环路预留时间,消除占空比的影响。采用ACS控制算法,推导出适用于后缘调制降压型DC-DC开关变换器的数字V2控制律和电流控制律,并且研究了次谐振荡现象及其数字斜坡补偿消除方法。仿真结果表明,在相同的硬件条件,对于负载的瞬间扰动,数字V2控制较数字电流控制具有更快的瞬态响应速度;与现有技术相比,ACS控制方法可有效提高系统的瞬态响应性能。     

A method for synchronization of power electronic converters in polluted and variable-frequency environments

This paper presents a new synchronization method which employs an enhanced phase-locked loop (EPLL) system. The operational concept of the EPLL is novel and based on a nonlinear dynamical system. As compared with the existing synchronization methods, the introduced EPLL-based synchronization method provides higher degree of immunity and insensitivity to noise, harmonics and other types of pollutions that exist in the signal used as the basis of synchronization. The salient feature of the EPLL-based synchronization method over conventional synchronization methods is its frequency adaptivity which permits satisfactory operation when the centre frequency of the base signal varies. The proposed EPLL-based method of synchronization is also capable of coping with the unbalanced system scenarios. Structural simplicity of the EPLL-based method greatly simplifies its implementation in digital software and/or hardware environments as an integral part of a digital control platform for power electronic converters. The primary application of the proposed synchronization method is for the distributed generation units, e.g., wind generation systems, which utilize power electronic converters as an integral part of their systems.     

电网电压不平衡及谐波畸变时基波电压同步信号的检测

提出了一种电网电压不平衡及谐波畸变时基波电压同步信号的检测方法。通过采用一种新颖的谐振式锁相环技术,快速补偿锁相过程中各类电网故障引起的相位跟踪误差,有效地抑制了电网电压中负序及谐波分量引起的频率波动、相位抖动。该方法不仅适用于理想电网条件,更可在各种电压跌落、三相不平衡和谐波畸变等严重瞬态、稳态电网故障下,实现基波电...     

基于PSCAD的双馈风电机组暂态等值模型研究

随着接入电网的风电场规模日益增大,电力系统暂态过程研究对风电场准确简洁建模的需求愈发迫切。本文研究了一种基于PSCAD仿真平台的降阶双馈风电机组等值模型。该等值模型保留了原双馈风电机组(DFIG)详细模型中的风力机模型、轴系模型以及发电机模型,同时采用两组独立可控电流源及其对应配套控制策略,替代了由电力电子装置构成、仿真计算资源需求大、精度要求高的背靠背PWM变流器组及配套控制系统。基于PSCAD的仿真分析对所搭建的双馈风电机组等值模型的基础控制特性、暂态响应特性,以及仿真计算效率进行了验证,证明了该模型既可以有效保持双馈风电机组的暂态响应特性,同时又大幅度提高了仿真计算效率。     

基于最优潮流理论的MMC-MTDC直接功率控制策略

为了降低多端直流输电系统中电网三相不平衡故障对系统直流电压、功率调节的准确性和快速性的不良影响,基于最优潮流控制理论提出一种直接功率控制策略。首先分析系统损耗对网络潮流的影响,提出无需知道网络参数的最优潮流优化方法,得出期望功率参考指令;然后在对模块化多电平换流器瞬时功率特性分析的基础上,以消除电网不平衡时直流电压波动为目标设计直接功率控制器,针对故障电压降落和交流侧负序电流对功率参考指令进行修正,并采用前馈解耦控制直接建立功率与电压的关系。最后在PSCAD仿真平台上搭建四端直流输电系统,结果表明该控制策略在稳态和暂态故障情况下都可实现系统潮流最优分配和直流电压稳定的目的。     

Active Power Control of Grid-connected Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator-based Wind Turbines in the Presence of Voltage Sags

This paper deals with the issue of active power control of power electronic converters and permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind turbine (WT) during both balanced and unbalanced voltage sags. The paper first analyzes the adverse effects of voltage sags on WT systems and then proposes a new control strategy. The strategy consists of (i) a vector current control, which utilizes the feed-forward of the negative-sequence voltage (VCCF) to eliminate the effect of negative-sequence components during unbalanced voltage sags; and (ii) a power compensation factor control for the VCCF to maintain the balanced power flow from the WT to the grid irrespective of voltage sag. The latter also maintains the WT system's output currents within their safe limits to avoid potential damage to electronic components in the inverter. Unlike conventional control strategies, the proposed scheme allows the WT system to use optimally sized converters without the need of large DC link capacitors and crowbars. The effectiveness of the control strategy has been validated experimentally on a physical WT testing platform.     

Control scheme in hybrid synchronous stationary frame for PWM AC/DC converter under generalized unbalanced operating conditions

This paper proposes a new control scheme of improved transient response for the pulsewidth-modulation ac/dc converter under generalized unbalanced operating conditions. The overall-bandwidth diminishing filter/functional block for extracting positive and negative sequence components has been avoided by employing dual current regulators in positive- and negative-rotating synchronous frames. The steady-state error due to 120-Hz ac signals has been reduced by employing a resonant-gain path in the current regulator. This paper also proposes simplified current-reference calculation scheme in the regulation of instantaneous active/reactive power. Compared to the previous works, the proposed control method has better transient response in compensation for generalized unbalanced operating conditions (unbalanced input supply and unbalanced input impedances) of wide range while still satisfying unity input power-factor correction and ripple-free dc-output-voltage regulation without adding any external hardware. The proposed control system has been analyzed and tuned based on the ac small signal perturbed model under unbalance. Simulation and experimental results confirm the proposed control method under severe unbalanced operating conditions.     

基于虚拟负电阻的航空静止变流器并联控制策略

在航空微电网系统中,通常需要航空静止变流器提供稳定的电压和频率。为了提高微电网的容量,通常采用多台变流器并联运行,但并联变流器的输出阻抗以及线路阻抗的差异会导致系统功率分配不均问题。在负载不对称的情形下,微网系统的线路阻抗会增加公共点电压的不对称度,影响微网的供电质量。为解决上述问题,采用有互联线的分散逻辑控制策略对系统功率进行均分,并加入了虚拟负电阻策略,降低了当不对称负载出现时并联系统三相电压的不对称度。最后通过实验平台验证了策略的正确性。     

实现有源功率解耦控制的改进三相四桥臂拓扑

传统三相四桥臂拓扑在含单相/三相不平衡负载或源的微电网系统中备受关注。然而当采用现有策略控制电压三相平衡时,由于单相/三相不平衡负载或源的存在,交流侧电流存在负序分量,将引起瞬时功率二次脉动,耦合到直流侧,导致直流电压或电流含有二次纹波,影响系统性能和寿命。针对该问题,文中提出了一种改进的三相四桥臂拓扑,并通过有源功率解耦控制,在不增加开关器件的基础上,使交流侧的二次脉动功率由交流侧电容提供,直流侧仅需提供交流侧平均功率分量,实现功率解耦并减小系统总电容量。其次,分析了所提拓扑直流侧所需最低电压和开关器件电流应力的影响因素。最后,仿真以及实验结果表明所提改进拓扑和策略在保证电压质量的同时可以实现有源功率解耦,有利于改善系统性能并实现直流侧电容轻量化。     

一种改进型ip-iq坐标变换电流谐波检测方法

针对现有的一些检测方法在三相电压不对称或畸变时存在的一些缺陷,根据通用瞬时无功功率理论,对传统的ip-iq坐标变换的谐波电流检测方法做了简单的改进。该方法从矢量分析角度出发,利用带通滤波器,根据三相电网电压和电流综合信息,获取ip-iq坐标变换矩阵来实现对谐波电流的检测,省去了三角函数计算和锁相环的使用,简化了计算。该方法既可适用于三相对称正弦电源系统,也可适用于不对称非正弦电源系统和电压畸变系统。仿真结果验证了该方法的正确性。     

单/三相混合微电网中虚拟组合式三相变流器功率协调控制

针对单/三相混合微电网系统孤岛运行时单相电源和负载引起的三相电压不平衡问题,提出了虚拟组合式三相变流器及其功率协调控制。详细阐述了基于虚拟三相瞬时功率的下垂控制和虚拟阻抗控制,实现同相并联单元的功率分配。针对组合式三相变流器相间同步控制难点,提出了新型120°鉴相器和基于锁相环原理的相间同步控制,提高三相电压平衡度。在此基础上,给出了电压补偿控制,进一步改善供电质量。同相及相间功率协调控制无需附加任何同步芯片或通信线,原理简单,控制灵活,可靠性高。最后,仿真和实验结果表明所提控制策略可以实现动稳态工况下同相并联单元间功率按照设定比例分配以及不同相间相位和幅值的同步控制,100%不平衡负载下电压不平衡度为0.1%,供电质量较高。     

基于瞬时无功功率理论和模糊控制的新型SVC控制算法

为满足不平衡三相配电网的无功功率实时补偿的要求,设计了一种新型的FC-TCR型静止无功补偿器(SVC)控制系统。该系统采用瞬时无功功率理论来精确检测基波正序和负序电压、电流,并推导出补偿导纳的表达式;SVC的整体控制采用了开环和闭环控制相结合的控制算法,并在闭环控制算法中,提出了基于智能规则的模糊-PI双模调节技术在无功补偿控制系统中的应用方案。该方案结合了模糊控制和PI控制2种方法的优点,根据系统状况改变PI控制器的参数,以达到更好的动态控制效果。仿真研究结果表明,该新型SVC控制系统对于提高功率因数和补偿三相不平衡,具有响应快、精度高的控制效果。     

Unbalanced Load Simulation of Electronic Power Transformer in Distribution System

Introduction Electronic Power Transformer (EPT) is also called as power electronic transformer , solid-state transformer or electronictransformer.Itisakindofstate-of-the-arttransformer emerging from the development of high-power electronic technology.This…     

基于EMD的Hilbert变换应用于暂态信号分析

将一种新的非平稳信号处理方法--基于经验模态分解(EMD)的希尔伯特(Hilbert)变换方法,应用于电力系统暂态信号分析中。通过EMD方法提取信号的固有模态函数(IMF),再进行Hilbert变换,求瞬时频率、瞬时振幅,得到信号的Hilbert谱,进而得到Hilbert边际谱,对故障暂态和扰动信号进行了分析。通过瞬时频率进行故障暂态和扰动时刻的准确检测;通过Hilbert边际谱与傅里叶幅值谱的比较,表明Hilbert边际谱在分辨率上具有明显的优越性。该方法为电力系统暂态信号分析提供了一种新的分析手段。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。