Influence of timing jitter on quadrature charge sampling

The influence of timing jitter on quadrature charge sampling for a direct conversion receiver has been evaluated. In contrast to voltage sampling, the charge sampling mixer integrates the signal current instead of tracking the signal voltage. The charge sampling mixer has been applied to RF direct sampling in wireless receivers. The influence of timing jitter on charge sampling has been analysed in some literatures. However, in wireless receivers, quadrature sampling is required in order to demodulate I-phase and Q-phase signals. Different from charge sampling, timing jitter causes crosstalk between these signals. The influence of timing jitter on quadrature sampling is investigated.     

The effects of accumulated timing jitter on some sine wavemeasurements

This paper investigates the effects of accumulated timing jitter on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and on the phase angle measurement of real sine waves. These measurements are done via the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method. Accumulated timing jitter occurs when the sine wave is sampled by an unstable clock where the clock periods are randomly changing. Also, accumulated jitter is a problem in ramp-type bases that were often used in sampling oscilloscopes. Expressions for an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio [SNR_(est.)] and phase variance in terms of the jitter distribution parameters and the number of FFT points (N) are derived. The derived expressions are verified through computer simulations. Finally, a comparison between independent and accumulated jitter is presented     

Effect of sampling jitter on some sine wave measurements

The effect of sampling jitter on some periodic signal measurements, namely, the amplitude and phase of a pure sinusoid, is investigated. The parameters are determined by the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm, which is used for manipulating samples in a data-acquisition system. Results are expressed in terms of mean values and variances of the measured parameters. Computer simulation results, based on Gaussian jitter, show the changes of amplitude and phase standard deviations versus the changes of standard deviation of jitter and signal amplitude for different numbers of FFT points     

WDM系统中利用色散补偿降低脉冲定时抖动的研究

本文对色散管理孤子系统中存在的影响脉冲传输的ASE(放大器自发辐射)致定时抖动进行了研究。利用微扰理论,通过半解析算法推导出ASE致定时抖动的算术表达式,从中得出ASE致定时抖动主要受放大器间距和色散图的影响。在此基础上对通常采用的二级色散图进行拓展,提出三级色散图方案并对色散管理系统进行计算机数值模拟,结果表明,通过选取适当的色散图参数,三级色散图方案比之二级色散图将能更好地减小因ASE噪声致定时扰动的影响。     

Effects of frame jitter in data acquisition systems

This paper focuses on the analysis of frame jitter and the impact of data acquisition architecture on the associated disturbances to the acquired record. Frame jitter leads to the same random shift of all samples in an acquired record. It results in errors in the estimates of time intervals, and makes consecutive records slightly incoherent - compromising data averaging procedures. Two complementary algorithms are developed for the quantification of frame jitter, and their performance has been simulated and verified by experiment. They allow the estimation of the standard deviation of the frame jitter using a low-resolution instrument even in noisy environments. An expression for the minimum value of the standard deviation of the frame jitter has been obtained and verified experimentally for typical architectures of data acquisition systems. It is shown that this value could be reduced by specific improvements in the design of data acquisition system architectures.     

超短孤子脉冲在色散缓变光纤中的时间抖动

通过微扰理论分析了超短孤子在色散缓变光纤(DDF)中传输的时间抖动。结果发现三阶色散和拉曼散射分别影响了孤子的位置和频率,是决定时间抖动大小的重要因素。在光纤的拉曼系数一定的情况下,选择不同的三阶色散参数,系统的时间抖动存在一个最小值。当DDF的三阶色散参数为接近零的一个负值的时候,系统时间抖动最小,这个负值与拉曼系数和传输距离有关,其绝对值随传输距离的增大而增大。在采用色散缓变光纤进行超短孤子传输的系统设计中应该重点考虑三阶色散的影响,当DDF的三阶色散参数较大的时候,必须对系统的三阶色散进行补偿,使时间抖动达到最小,能够极大地增加了孤子的传输距离。     

Measurement of timing jitter contributions in a dynamic test setupfor A/D converters

The article provides a new method which permits one to separate and to obtain an accurate estimation of timing jitter contributions appearing in an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter dynamic common test setup. The results are obtained using coherent sampling configuration and are independent of quantization and nonlinearities of the converter     

Analysis and measurement of timing jitter induced by radiated EMI noise in automatic test equipment

This paper deals with the generation, measurement and modeling of the jitter encountered in the signals of a testhead board for automatic test equipment (ATE). A novel model is proposed for the jitter; this model takes into account the radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise in the head of an ATE. The RMS value of the jitter is measured at the output signal of the testhead board to validate the proposed model. For measuring the RMS value, a novel circuitry has been designed on a daughter board to circumvent ground noise and connectivity problems arising from the head environment. An H-field is applied externally at the loop filter of a phase-locked loop (PLL), thus permitting the measurement of the RMS jitter to verify the transfer function between radiated EMI and jitter variation. The error between measured and predicted jitters is within a 15% level at both 200 kHz and 500 kHz.     

Review of low timing jitter mode-locked fiber lasers and applications in dual-comb absolute distance measurement

Passively mode-locked fiber lasers emit femtosecond pulse trains with excellent short-term stability. The quantum-limited timing jitter of a free running femtosecond erbium-doped fiber laser working at room temperature is considerably below one femtosecond at high Fourier frequency. The ultrashort pulse train with ultralow timing jitter enables absolute time-of-flight measurements based on a dual-comb implementation, which is typically composed of a pair of optical frequency combs generated by femtosecond lasers. Dead-zone-free absolute distance measurement with sub-micrometer precision and kHz update rate has been routinely achieved with a dual-comb configuration, which is promising for a number of precision manufacturing applications, from large step-structure measurements prevalent in microelectronic profilometry to three coordinate measurements in large-scale aerospace manufacturing and shipbuilding. In this paper, we first review the sub-femtosecond precision timing jitter characterization methods and approaches for ultralow timing jitter mode-locked fiber laser design. Then, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art dual-comb absolute ranging technology in terms of working principles, experimental implementations, and measurement precisions. Finally, we discuss the impact of quantum-limited timing jitter on the dual-comb ranging precision at a high update rate. The route to highprecision dual-comb range finder design based on ultralow jitter femtosecond fiber lasers is proposed.     

Cost-effective low timing jitter passively Q-switched diode-pumped solid-state laser with composite pumping pulses

A novel scheme that combines gain switching with passive Q switching of a miniature diode-pumped solid-state laser is proposed and implemented. A composite pumping pulse, consisting of a long, low-intensity pulse and a following short, high-intensity pulse, is used to reduce the timing jitter. A greater-than-tenfold reduction in timing jitter is demonstrated.     

More on jitter effects on sinewave measurements

The measurement of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based on uniform sampling is investigated and compared with the results of Y. Jenq (see ibid., vol.37, p.245-251, June 1988) based on non-uniform sampling. Simulation results are provided to confirm the theoretical work. The authors then investigate amplitude and phase measurements and present new formulae for its statistics, which are more accurate than in their previous work (see ibid., vol.39, p.86-89, Feb. 1990). The approach followed in this study is also suitable for investigating signal measurements in the presence of other noise forms, e.g. quantization     

PLL jitter reduction by utilizing a ferroelectric capacitor as a VCO timing element

Ferroelectric capacitors have steadily been integrated into semiconductor processes due to their potential as storage elements within memory devices. Polarization reversal within ferroelectric capacitors creates a high nonlinear dielectric constant along with a hysteresis profile. Due to these attributes, a phase-locked loop (PLL), when based on a ferroelectric capacitor, has the advantage of reduced cycle-to-cycle jitter. PLLs based on ferroelectric capacitors represent a new research area for reduction of oscillator jitter.     

Phase jitter control of ultrashort soliton in high-speed communication systems with nonlinear gain

An expression is derived for soliton phase jitter in soliton transmission with higher-order effects in the presence of nonlinear gain and filters. It is demonstrated that soliton phase jitter can be suppressed efficiently by nonlinear gain in addition to filters not only for long duration solitons but also for ultrashort solitons provided that the nonlinear gain coefficients satisfy specific conditions. This scheme offers an alternative means for the development of ultralong distance soliton transmission systems using differential phase-shift keying (DPSK), and exploits a robust technique to achieve a higher-speed soliton communication system using DPSK.     

Analysis of order timing tradeoffs in multi-retailer supply systems

We analyse the implications of order timing decisions in multi-retailer supply systems in a single period, newsvendor setting. Specifically, we investigate a supply chain with multiple retailers and a single supplier where one of the retailers is considered a preferred or primary customer of the supplier. In the base model (delayed commitment), customers order after observing demand and the supplier rations its production quantity to retailers according to a generalised uniform allocation rule. In the early-commitment model, the primary retailer commits to an order quantity prior to the selling season and receives her order in full. We compare the expected supplier and retailer profits under each of these strategies and specify conditions under which a particular commitment scheme benefits the supplier, the primary retailer, and the entire system. Our findings indicate that the supplier prefers early commitment under mild conditions, whereas the primary retailer's preference depends on the tradeoff between the supply risk and demand risk. We also compare our findings with a single-retailer system, and observe that both the supplier and the primary retailer benefit from the existence of additional customers under delayed-commitment in many contexts.     

The effects of inspection error on single sampling inspection plans

Acceptance sampling plans are designed under the assumption of perfect inspection. However, inspection tasks are not, even under ideal inspection conditions, free of error. In this paper we consider the effects of inspection error on probability of acceptance, average outgoing quality, and average total inspection. These measures are examined under both replacement and non -replacement assumptions. Also, a method is presented whereby an acceptance sampling plan may be designed which explicitly considers inspection error.     

Reliable timing systems for computer controlled accelerators

Over the past decade the use of computers has set new standards for control systems of accelerators with ever increasing complexity coupled with stringent reliability criteria. In fact, with very slow cycling machines or storage rings any erratic operation or timing pulse will cause the loss of precious particles and waste hours of time and effort of preparation. Thus, for the CERN linac and LEAR (Low Energy Antiproton Ring) timing system reliability becomes a crucial factor in the sense that all components must operate practically without fault for very long periods compared to the effective machine cycle. This has been achieved by careful selection of components and design well below thermal and electrical limits, using error detection and correction where possible, as well as developing “safe” decoding techniques for serial data trains. Further, consistent structuring had to be applied in order to obtain simple and flexible modular configurations with very few components on critical paths and to minimize the exchange of information to synchronize accelerators. In addition, this structuring allows the development of efficient strategies for on-line and off-line fault diagnostics. As a result, the timing system for Linac 2 has, so far, been operating without fault for three years, the one for LEAR more than one year since its final debugging.     

The sampling interval in systematic activity sampling

This article deals with the effect of the sampling interval on the precision of systematic activity sampling, and models for medium and large sampling intervals are developed. The problem of poor precision due to possible cyclic properties of the process is also analysed, and a necessary criterion for non-interference is derived.     

滤波器组多载波系统的高精度符号定时估计

针对滤波器组多载波(FBMC)系统的传统定时同步算法精度较低的问题,研究了其发送信号统计特性,从理论上量化分析了受数据符号重叠影响部分和非重叠部分的同步训练数据的特性,在此基础上提出了一种适用的高精度符号定时估计算法.该算法通过传输一串长度大于滤波器重叠因子的连续相同的训练符号,使得时域合成信号具有多重延迟冗余特性.仿...