反相微乳法制备纳米V_2O_5

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）/正丁醇/正辛烷/水溶液微乳体系成功制备了纳米V2O5。先采用反相微乳法分别制备碱性偏钒酸铵微乳液和稀硫酸单相微乳液,再将两种微乳液混合得到V2O5前驱物,经陈化、洗涤、干燥、焙烧得到纳米V2O5。通过测定电导率分析了微乳体系的稳定性,采用FTIR、XRD、TEM对纳米V2O5的结构、成分、晶形、粒径等进行了表征。结果表明,采用反相微乳法制备的纳米V2O5为球形、分散性较好、颗粒粒径为6～20nm。     

微乳液法制备Fe3O4/TiO2磁性纳米粒子

采用多元醇还原法制备出平均粒径为6.0 nm的Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,以此磁性纳米粒子为核,在OP-10/正丁醇/环己烷/浓氨水反向微乳体系中制备出Fe3O4/TiO2磁性纳米复合粒子,通过XRD,TEM,VSM对复合粒子进行性能表征。结果表明,采用微乳液法能够制备出Fe3O4/TiO2磁性纳米复合粒子,并且包覆后比饱和磁化强度有所下降,但矫顽力仍趋近于0,显示超顺磁性。     

微乳液法制备Fe3O4/TiO2磁性纳米粒子

采用多元醇还原法制备出平均粒径为6.0 nm的Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,以此磁性纳米粒子为核,在OP-10/正丁醇/环己烷/浓氨水反向微乳体系中制备出Fe3O4/TiO2磁性纳米复合粒子,通过XRD,TEM,VSM对复合粒子进行性能表征。结果表明,采用微乳液法能够制备出Fe3O4/TiO2磁性纳米复合粒子,并且包覆后比饱和磁化强度有所下降,但矫顽力仍趋近于0,显示超顺磁性。     

反相微乳法制备纳米V2O5

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/正丁醇/正辛烷/水溶液微乳体系成功制备了纳米V2O5。先采用反相微乳法分别制备碱性偏钒酸铵微乳液和稀硫酸单相微乳液,再将两种微乳液混合得到V2O5前驱物,经陈化、洗涤、干燥、焙烧得到纳米V2O5。通过测定电导率分析了微乳体系的稳定性,采用FTIR、XRD、TEM对纳米V2O5的结构、成分、晶形、粒径等进行了表征。结果表明,采用反相微乳法制备的纳米V2O5为球形、分散性较好、颗粒粒径为6～20nm。     

微乳液法制备氧化铝纳米粉体的研究

微乳化技术由于具有装置简单、操作方便、粒径小、粒度分布窄且可严格重复等优势，常用于无机纳米粒子的制备。介绍了以溴化十六烷基三甲铵（CTAB）／正丁醇／环己烷／水的油包水（W／O）型微乳体系中的微乳液滴为微反应器，通过微反应器中增溶的铝盐和沉淀剂发生反应，制备高质量球形氧化铝纳米粉体。按正交表L9（3^4）安排正交试验，通过方差分析确定了制备氧化铝纳米粉体的最佳工艺条件为：Al（NO3）3的浓度0．75mol／L，煅烧温度800℃，煅烧时间1h，在此条件下所制得的氧化铝纳米粉体的平均粒径为61nm。     

管状微纳米Ag2S晶体的水热法制备方法研究

在低温水热条件下,以不同硫源和银片为反应物,制备出了微纳米级Ag2S晶体,其中以硫粉为硫源、乙醇为溶剂时制备出了少见的拥有中空管状形貌的Ag2S微纳米材料,并用X射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分别对产物Ag2S晶体的结构和形貌进行了表征和分析。     

纳米硫酸钡制备过程中的蒸馏法破乳和微孔液的循环使用

以硫酸钠和氯化钡的W／O型微乳液反应制备纳米硫酸钡为实验体系,利用微乳液中各组分沸点的差异,提出了利用蒸馏法破坏微乳液,实现纳米颗粒与微乳液体系的分离以及微乳液循环利用的新工艺。研究了破乳时蒸馏温度、循环使用时体系中的盐浓度、含水量等因素对纳米颗粒品质的影响,比较了蒸馏法破乳和加高浓度盐、升高温度等方法破乳对纳米颗粒回收率的影响。实验结果表明,蒸馏温度升高不会导致纳米颗粒的团聚,随着循环次数的增加,粒径从第一次制备的14nm增加到第五次制备的25nm,但单分散性和分布仍然良好;体系中水含量过大,制备出的纳米颗粒粒径不均一;此外蒸馏法破乳回收纳米颗粒的收率可以达到82％,高于加盐破乳和升温破乳的回收率。     

基于伪三元相图的壬二酸微乳液的制备与评价

制备稳定的壬二酸祛痘微乳。方法：借助伪三元相图,通过不同表面活性剂的复配筛选壬二酸微乳区,并进行处方筛选及工艺优化。选取3种壬二酸微乳体系进行粒径、理化性质、稳定性及试用评价。结果：筛选出3种壬二酸微乳的粒径分别为（1247.6±13.29） nm、（381.85±0.92） nm、（520.8±16.97）nm,经过稳定性测试表明制备的壬二酸微乳均一稳定,粒径及PDI差异无统计学意义。试用人群77%反馈有祛痘效果,基本无刺激性。结论：本研究通过筛选出壬二酸微乳液区域并成功制备了6%壬二酸微乳液,开发并优化了微乳纳米体系,可作为壬二酸的载体,提高其治疗效果。     

反相微乳法制备纳米CaCO3

采用水(溶液)/Triton X-100/环已烷/正戊醇反相微乳体系，制备出了粒径分布均匀、尺寸在10~30 nm范围内的CaCO3纳米颗粒. 对不同w0、反应物浓度、陈化时间等因素的影响进行了研究，获得了最佳的反应条件. 所得产物利用透射电子显微镜分析进行了表征.     

微乳技术在制备纳米催化剂方面的应用研究

综述了微乳法制备纳米催化剂的基本理论和方法以及近年来在催化剂制备中的一些应用。采用该方法制备的纳米催化剂在粒径大小、粒径分布和表面结构等方面具有特别的性质,所制备的纳米催化剂具有粒径大小可控、粒度分布均匀等优点,且在一些反应中表现出优良的催化性能。作为一种新型的催化剂合成方法,微乳技术在合成纳米催化剂方面有着潜在的应用价值。微乳体系的构成是多种多样的,而且受多种因素的影响。如何选择适宜的微乳体系并将微乳技术与其它技术有机结合,将是微乳技术在催化剂制备中的发展方向。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。