The variational method and the method of moments in the problem of plane wave scattering by a rectangular cavity in an impedance screen

The problem of electromagnetic plane wave diffraction by a rectangular cavity in an impedance screen is solved. The problem is reduced to solution of a Fredholm integral equation for the field function in the aperture. The equation has a symmetric kernel. Expressions for the angular distribution of the scattered far-field are obtained by the method of moments and the variational method. Numerical results are analyzed and compared.     

A cavity-backed rectangular aperture antenna with application to a tilted fan beam array antenna

A rectangular aperture of A/sub x//spl times/A/sub y/, cut in the top conducting plate of a triplate transmission line and backed by a cavity, radiates a tilted beam off the direction normal to the aperture. The mechanism of the radiation is explained using the Poynting vector distribution above the aperture and the phase distribution of the electric field over the aperture. The tilt angle is calculated as a function of side length A/sub x/ for a representative value of A/sub y/=18 mm=0.747/spl lambda//sub 12.45/, where /spl lambda//sub 12.45/ is the wavelength at a test frequency of 12.45 GHz. A tilted beam of approximately 27/spl deg/ is realized at A/sub x//A/sub y/=8/9 with a gain of approximately 8 dB. Using this value of A/sub x//A/sub y/, an array antenna composed of rectangular cavity-backed aperture elements is investigated. The array forms a tilted fan beam without phase shifters. The frequency responses of the gain and input impedance are discussed.     

Scattering from narrow rectangular filled grooves

The solution of the integral equation for a small width rectangular groove is considered. It is shown that by retaining the dominant mode supported by the rectangular groove, the resulting quasi-static integral equations are comparable to those associated with the perfectly conducting narrow strip. They are, therefore, amenable to analytic solution yielding the exact field distribution or equivalent currents across the groove's aperture. The derived currents exhibit the same edge behavior as that associated with the currents of a perfectly conducting half-plane. The corresponding current behavior based on a (numerical) impedance simulation of the groove is quite different. However the resulting echowidths are comparable. Both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations are treated     

核电磁脉冲与开孔金属腔体耦合特性研究

利用基于时域有限差分法(FDTD)的电磁仿真软件XFDTD,研究了核电磁脉冲与开孔腔体的耦合规律。分析了不同极化方向的核电磁脉冲入射时,矩形孔洞长宽比对耦合特性的影响;讨论了核电磁脉冲照射下,腔体谐振和孔缝与腔体的耦合谐振现象;给出了腔体内部电场分布的截面图,讨论了核电磁脉冲入射时腔体内外电场的空间分布情况。研究结果表明:当核电磁脉冲的极化方向与开孔矩形短边平行时,耦合的电场强度比正方形开孔时的要大,且长宽比越大,耦合的电场强度越大;当核电磁脉冲的极化方向与开孔矩形长边平行时,耦合的电场强度比正方形开孔时的小,且长宽比越大,耦合的电场强度越小。极化方向与矩形开孔短边平行时,腔体内产生了腔体谐振和孔缝与腔体的耦合谐振,开孔尺寸的变化会引起谐振频率的偏移;极化方向平行于长边时无明显电磁谐振发生。核电磁脉冲对屏蔽体内的影响主要局限于开孔附近。     

RCS of a partially open rectangular box in the resonant region

The radar cross section (RCS) of a partially open rectangular box in the resonant region is investigated. Two-dimensional numerical results are generated using the method-of-moments solution to the electric field integral equation. Resonance spikes are found in the RCS spectrum at frequencies which correspond to the resonant frequencies of the interior rectangular cavity. The dependence of the resonant behavior on the box dimension, aperture size, and incident polarization can be interpreted in terms of the field distribution inside the cavity. Experimental data for a three-dimensional box are also presented. They are consistent with the two-dimensional simulation     

高增益高效率的Fabry-Perot谐振腔天线研究

提出了一种采用非均匀频率选择表面（frequency selective surface, FSS）盖板以及非均匀电磁带隙（electromagnetic band gap, EBG）结构反射地板的高增益Fabry-Perot（F-P）谐振腔天线. 基于漏波理论模型,针对大口径F-P谐振腔天线设计非均匀的FSS盖板和EBG反射地板,控制衰减常数α和相位常数β,改善了口径场上幅度相位分布的均匀性,并抑制了非谐振频率时天线辐射性能的恶化,实现高增益和高口径效率的同时,保证了天线的工作带宽. 所提出的圆形F-P谐振腔天线直径为6.6λ₀,仿真增益为24.6 dBi,口径效率达67.9%,阻抗带宽为4.1%,3 dB增益带宽为3.7%;实测增益为23.9 dBi,口径效率达56.9%. 由于对口径场均匀性的设计,该天线克服了传统F-P谐振腔天线的口径效率和增益间的相互限制.     

The input admittance of the rectangular cavity-backed slot antenna

The input admittance of the rectangular cavity-backed slot antenna is investigated. The slot is assumed narrow so that the voltage distribution in its aperture is sinusoidal. Equations which represent the input admittance of this slot, backed by a rectangular cavity in which a single propagating wave is assumed to exist, are given. Calculations based on these representations are compared to available measured data. As the depth of the cavity increased the resonant frequency decreased and the bandwidth became narrower. Input admittance curves as a function of electrical slot length are also presented for several size cavities.     

金属腔体多耦合通道电磁特性研究

实际金属腔体常开有多个通道,使得腔内电磁环境变得复杂。以分析腔体多通道耦合电磁特性为出发点,建立平面波入射下矩形、圆柱腔体实例模型,引入对比系数作为评价手段,侧重研究孔缝、贯穿线缆两种耦合通道对腔内电磁场的影响,寻求共性规律。结果表明:腔外线缆长度变化不影响谐振点出现位置,随长度增加腔体屏蔽效能(SE)下降;腔内线缆随长度增加,谐振频率降低,两腔体具有如上共性结论。基于给定的模型及参数设定,通过比较系数可判断矩形腔体450 MHz 之前线缆耦合为主;贯穿线较长时, 510 MHz 之前圆柱腔体线缆耦合为主;贯穿线较短时,两个局部频点之外的其它频段孔缝耦合为主;涂覆磁损耗型吸波材料提升腔体SE 效果最好,且SE越低,提升效果越明显。     

金属腔体孔阵电磁耦合的数值分析

本文针对正弦调制高斯脉冲激励下金属腔体的孔阵电磁耦合问题，使用Zeland公司的FIDELITY软件进行FDTD仿真，发现面积相同（即通风，散热量相等）时腔体电场耦合能力随着孔阵中孔的数目增多而下降，同时对不同形状孔阵及不同间距孔阵情况进行比较。     

基于XFDTD的箱变开孔金属外壳雷电电磁脉冲防护

为研究户外配电设备对雷电电磁脉冲(LEMP)的防护能力,利用基于时域有限差分法(XFDTD)的全波三维电磁场模拟仿真软件对近场LEMP与户外箱变金属开孔外壳的耦合情况进行仿真模拟,得到3种正面具有不同形状散热孔阵的箱变在距回击点30 m处,其内部距开孔位置5 cm,50 cm和100 cm处的耦合电场强度与电磁功率密度。研究表明,能量主要集中在低频段(2 MHz以下)的LEMP与正面有散热孔阵的变电站腔体发生耦合时,耦合进内部的电磁能量主要集中在开孔附近;对于相同排列方式的孔阵,腔内耦合电磁能量按照长方形、正方形和圆形顺序依次减小,具有圆形孔阵的变电站电磁屏蔽效能最佳;腔体内远离开孔处的电磁危害要小于开孔位置附近,耦合电磁能量可能会严重干扰变电站的正常工作,但不会损坏其内部电子元件。     

基于时频分析的电磁脉冲耦合效应研究*

为了解高功率电磁脉冲对电子系统的干扰与毁伤影响,利用基于Wigner鄄Ville 分布的时频分析方法对耦合进电子系统内部的电磁信号进行了特征分析。与单独的时域分析和频域分析相比,时频分析不仅能够得到信号的时域特征和频域特征,还能同时得到信号各频率分量随时间的变化情况。利用瞬态极化时频分析,进一步得到信号极化状态在时频域的分布。仿真结果表明,时频分析得到的结果更全面详细,可以根据时频分析得到的信号特征更加准确地指导电子系统的高功率电磁脉冲防护加固。     

Shielding effectiveness of apertures in rectangular cavities

The shielding effectiveness of a rectangular cavity with an aperture in near-field conditions is calculated by means of the methods of moments. Theoretical results are compared to experimental values with good agreement     

关于双层带孔缝腔体的屏蔽效能研究

基于现代生活中抗电磁干扰的重要性,给出了完善的求解双层带孔缝矩形腔体在平面电磁波照射下的屏蔽效能的建模过程.在建模中考虑了电磁波的入射角和极化角,并把电磁波作用在腔体外层孔缝上所产生的散射电压作为辐射源.把孔缝建模成不对称的共面带状线,把矩形腔体建模为一端完全开放、另一端完全封闭的矩形波导,并应用传输线理论推导出腔体内任意点的屏蔽效能.相对于以往模型而言,在建模的完整性、计算速度,以及屏蔽效能的提高上均有所改善,为工程实践提供了很好的理论参考.     

Flush mounted rectangular cavity slot antennas--Theory and design

The loaded rectangular cavity slot antenna is analyzed using variational methods in conjunction with simplified equivalent circuit techniques to derive accurate design guides for efficiency, bandwidth, and resonant frequency. The aperture admittance is computed and the effects of a compound aperture plane iris and of material loading are analyzed. The aperture admittance of all such loaded cavity antennas is proportional tomu_{r},sqrt{mu_{r}/epsilon_{r}}, or1/epsilon_{r}, which characteristic lends to a common method of optimization of|T|^{2}(transmission cofficient). Experimental results include: 1) measurements of aperture field; 2) a comparison of theoretical and experimental value of bandwidth, efficiency, resonant frequency, and beam pattern for several experimental models; and 3) the measurement of the effect of applied dc magnetic field.     

矩形光阑限制下高斯光束的衍射特性分析

为了研究矩形光阑边长与透镜像方焦面处光束光斑尺寸以及光斑内所包含功率的关系,根据高斯光束经矩形光阑和透镜变换后在透镜像方焦面的衍射场分布表达式,采用MATLAB进行数值计算的方法,进行了理论分析。结果表明,当光阑对光束的衍射影响明显时,光束衍射场的中央亮条纹的宽度随着光阑边长的增大而减小;当光阑对光束的衍射影响极小时,中央亮条纹的宽度随着光阑边长的增加而阶跃变化,中央亮条纹强度的半最大值宽度随着光阑边长的增大而减小;当光阑对光束衍射影响极小时,中央亮条纹半最大值宽度趋近于一定值。给出的中央亮条纹强度半最大值宽度与矩形光阑边长关系的拟合表达式,可为激光应用装置的设计提供理论支持。     

Shielding effectiveness of rectangular cavity made of a new shielding material and resonance suppression

New shielding material has become an alternative to traditional metal to shield boxes from electromagnetic interferences. This article introduces the theory of transmission line method to study the shield boxes made of a new sort of material, and then expands the fundamental formulas to deal with the cases of multiple holes and polarization with arbitrary angle. By means of genetic algorithms with the aid of a three dimensional simulation tool, the damping of electromagnetic resonances in enclosures is researched. The computation indicates that under resonant frequency, electromagnetic resonance results in low, even negative shielding coefficient; whereas, for the same areas, shielding effectiveness of a single hole is worse than that of multiple holes. Shielding coefficient varies when polarization angle increases, and the coupled field through the rectangular aperture with the long side parallel to the thin wire is much weaker than that with the long side vertical to the thin wire. By using the metallic-loss dielectric layer of optimized calculation on the internal surface of the cavity, the best result of resonance suppression has been realized with the same thickness of coating. Finally, according to the calculation result, suggestions for shielding are proposed.     

a broad-band constant beamwidth corrugated rectangular horn

Using aperture field theory to predict the far-field radiation from a rectangular horn, a horn with substantially constantE- andH-plane beamwidths of17degand10degrespectively, is designed to operate over a 2.4:1 bandwidth. Assuming a cosine aperture field distribution in both theE- andH-planes of the horn, the general conclusion is first made that an aperture phase error of 0.37 wavelengths at the lowest operating frequency produces the least beamwidth variation (3 dB) over the band. A general design curve showing "constant" beamwidth as a function of horn throat length is produced, furthering the design of such horns with beamwidths in the range approximately9degto27deg. TheE-plane walls of the horn are corrugated, and to cover the bandwidth corrugations are comprised of "T-section" slots which are designed from a simple transmission line model. To realize the specified beamwidths, a compound horn configuration is adopted. Some experimental results obtained from a prototype horn are given.     

矩形波导中电磁场分布特征研究

波导内电磁场结构复杂,为了解矩形波导中电磁场分布特征,由矩形波导中的TM波和TE波场方程确定波导空间任意时刻、任意位置各分量量值,进而确定空间任意位置电场和磁场矢量的指向,模拟出波导截面和纵剖面的TM11波和TE11波的电磁场分布图。模拟结果得出的结论符合实际,正确地反映了矩形波导中电磁波传播特征,对了解波导中电磁场特性具有重要意义。     

Improved coupling for aperture coupled microstrip antennas

An aperture shape that gives significantly improved coupling for an aperture coupled microstrip antenna is described. This 'dogbone' aperture consists of the usual rectangular slot augmented with loading slots at each end. Measured data show an increase of more than three for the resonant input impedance of an antenna using the dogbone-shaped aperture, as compared with the input impedance of the same antenna with a rectangular slot of the same overall length. The field distributions of both slots are also measured, and compared.<>