青岛人谈标准化(英文)

Xu Guoqi Zhou Houjian Director of Qingdao Municipal Quality and Technology Supervision Bureau Chairman of Hisense Group The level of standards determines the quality of products and product quality is vital to the quality of people’s life.     

Characterizing the complexity of brain and mind networks

Recent studies of brain connectivity and language with methods of complex networks have revealed common features of organization. These observations open a window to better understand the intrinsic relationship between the brain and the mind by studying how information is either physically stored or mentally represented. In this paper, we review some of the results in both brain and linguistic networks, and we illustrate how modelling approaches can serve to comprehend the relationship between the structure of the brain and its function. On the one hand, we show that brain and neural networks display dynamical behaviour with optimal complexity in terms of a balance between their capacity to simultaneously segregate and integrate information. On the other hand, we show how principles of neural organization can be implemented into models of memory storage and recognition to reproduce spontaneous transitions between memories, resembling phenomena of memory association studied in psycholinguistic experiments.     

Rediscovering the Crystal Chemistry of Borides

For decades, borides have been primarily studied as crystallographic oddities. With such a wide variety of structures (a quick survey of the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database counts 1253 entries for binary boron compounds!), it is surprising that the applications of borides have been quite limited despite a great deal of fundamental research. If anything, the rich crystal chemistry found in borides could well provide the right tool for almost any application. The interplay between metals and the boron results in even more varied material's properties, many of which can be tuned via chemistry. Thus, the aim of this review is to reintroduce to the scientific community the developments in boride crystal chemistry over the past 60 years. We tie structures to material properties, and furthermore, elaborate on convenient synthetic routes toward preparing borides.     

On the effectiveness of performance-based adaptive automation

This article examines the effectiveness of different forms of performance-based adaptive automation (PBAA). Using data from three experiments (N = 10, N = 38, N = 40), different models of algorithm design were compared for their effectiveness in driving PBAA. The following components were varied: type of task (i.e. primary or secondary tasks), baseline of performance data (e.g. moving average), and triggering criterion (i.e. level of deviation from standard performance). The data were generated by operators working with a computer-based simulation of a process control environment. The results showed that none of the models enjoyed a convincing level of effectiveness. The automation algorithms generally achieved higher levels of miss prevention than false alarm prevention. Surprisingly, primary task performance was generally better at driving PBAA than secondary task performance. The results suggest that it may be difficult to design an effective algorithm of PBAA if the work environment is highly complex.     

Embracing a changing world with an open mind

正The world is changing at a faster speed with unpredictable obstacles,disputes and even wars.Yet the story in the standardization field is different.The international community of standardization has always adhered to the principles of openness and coLLaboration,and bravely faced the ever-changing world together.As Elena Santiago Cid,Director General of CEN (European Committee for     

量子化学方法在化学计算方面的应用

概括地介绍了3种基本的量子化学计算方法:从头算法,密度泛函方法,半经验算法;简要介绍了近年来新发展起来的组合方法、线性比例方法、遗传算法等计算方法;综述了各种量子化学计算方法在各个领域的应用;展望了量子化学计算的发展方向及其发展趋势.     

Compounds of Xenon in the Chemistry of Actinides

Radiochemistry - Published evidence on the reactions of XeF2, Na4XeO6, and XeO3 with ions of uranium, neptunium, plutonium, and americium in aqueous acid, carbonate, and alkaline solutions is...     

Multiconjugate adaptive optics results from the laboratory for adaptive optics MCAO/MOAO testbed

We report on the development of wavefront reconstruction and control algorithms for multiconjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) and the results of testing them in the laboratory under conditions that simulate an 8 meter class telescope. The University of California Observatories (UCO) Lick Observatory Laboratory for Adaptive Optics multiconjugate testbed allows us to test wide-field-of-view adaptive optics systems as they might be instantiated in the near future on giant telescopes. In particular, we have been investigating the performance of MCAO using five laser beacons for wavefront sensing and a minimum-variance algorithm for control of two conjugate deformable mirrors. We have demonstrated improved Strehl ratio and enlarged field-of-view performance when compared to conventional AO techniques. We have demonstrated improved MCAO performance with the implementation of a routine that minimizes the generalized isoplanatism when turbulent layers do not correspond to deformable mirror conjugate altitudes. Finally, we have demonstrated suitability of the system for closed loop operation when configured to feed back conditional mean estimates of wavefront residuals rather than the directly measured residuals. This technique has recently been referred to as the "pseudo-open-loop" control law in the literature.     

The restless mind while driving: drivers’ thoughts behind the wheel

Recent research has clearly shown that inattention when driving has an indisputable impact on road safety. “Mind wandering” (MW), an inattentional state caused by a shift in attention from the ongoing task to inner thoughts, is not only frequent in everyday activities but also known to impact performance. There is a growing body of research investigating the concept of MW, suggesting potential causes that could foster such a phenomenon. Only one epidemiological study has focused on this issue in a critical driving context ( Galéra et al., 2012), and it revealed the harmful effects of MW in increasing the risk of a car crash. Experimental studies rather consider that driver would adduce in MW ( Lemercier et al., 2014). When the driving context is too hard or the thought too difficult to proceed, driver reduced their MW. The aim of this paper is to examine this issue using the most recent trip of ordinary drivers whose MW state did not lead to a road accident. Using a questionnaire, information was collected about the participants’ most recent trip as a driver, including: (1) personal characteristics, (2) context in which MW occurs, (3) awareness of MW episodes and finally (4) characteristics of the thoughts.     

Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Dye-Forming Development

The optical and sensitometric factors involved in the photographic reproduction of lines, edges and sine-curve test patterns are described in general terms. New data are then presented which elucidate a discrepancy between the theory of resolving power and previous experimental observations.