满足DO-178B要求的软件需求开发方法

为了开发出一份满足适航标准DO-178B要求的机载软件需求规格说明书,在介绍DO-178B对机载软件需求的要求和指出机载软件需求存在问题的基础上,重点讨论了使用结构化激励响应(SSR)方法开发软件需求的6个主要步骤.以飞行显示器软件的一个功能点为例,说明了使用SSR方法开发的软件需求单元应该具有的7个主要组成部分以及每部分的含义.通过DO-178B和SSR方法相结合,为机载软件需求开发提供了一套可行的技术方案.     

Human software requirements engineering for computer-controlled manufacturing systems

Computers as integral systems components determine the quality of work of operators in industrial production. This paper contributes to improving the design of man-machine systems by proposing a formal aid to human software requirements definition and design. First, the need for considering human requirements is stressed. Since technology is to be considered as ‘non-deterministic’, the designer is faced with a degree of freedom in his design decisions which can be and should be utilized for raising the quality of work of people operating computer-controlled man-machine systems. Then, a hierarchy of human quality criteria applicable for ergonomic judgement of work design measures is derived. Following the principle of prospective work design, these criteria must be considered as design goals just like technical and economic requirements. As a formal aid for making design decisions meeting these comprehensive requirements, the Requirements/Quality Criteria Matrix is proposed. Finally, this method of considering human requirements is illustrated by designing some man-machine interface features for operators of a hypothetical flexible manufacturing system.     

Evaluating software engineering techniques for developing complex systems with multiagent approaches

Context

Multiagent systems (MAS) allow complex systems to be developed in which autonomous and heterogeneous entities interact. Currently, there are a great number of methods and frameworks for developing MAS. The selection of one or another development environment is a crucial part of the development process. Therefore, the evaluation and comparison of MAS software engineering techniques is necessary in order to make the selection of the development environment easier.

Objective

The main goal of this paper is to define an evaluation framework that will help in facilitating, standardizing, and simplifying the evaluation, analysis, and comparison of MAS development environments. Moreover, the final objective of the proposed tool is to provide a repository of the most commonly used MAS software engineering methods and tools.

Method

The proposed framework analyzes methods and tools through a set of criteria that are related to both system engineering dimensions and MAS features. Also, the support for developing organizational and service-oriented MAS is studied. This framework is implemented as an online application to improve its accessibility.

Results

In this paper, we present Masev, which is an evaluation framework for MAS software engineering. It allows MAS methods, techniques and environments to be analyzed and compared. A case study of the analysis of four methodologies is presented.

Conclusion

It is concluded that Masev simplifies the evaluation and comparison task and summarizes the most important issues for developing MAS, organizational MAS, and service-oriented MAS. Therefore, it could help developers to select the most appropriate MAS method and tools for developing a specific system, and it could be used for MAS software engineering developers to detect and deficiencies in their methods and tools. Also, developers of new tools can understand this application as a way to publish their tools and demonstrate what their contributions are to the state of the art.     

基于CMMI符合DO-178B的民机机载软件需求开发过程理论与实践

随着民用飞机机载软件研制过程规范化,软件需求的开发的流程化能够提高适航的置信度.     

基于产品线体系结构的软件工程过程模型研究

在借鉴现代工业的组织体系、管理规范、生产流程的基础上,针对基于软件产品线体系结构的软件工程方法和开发过程进行了系统研究,提出了基于产品线体系结构而实现软件工程化生产的N-生命周期模型.该模型的建立,对研究基于软件产品线体系结构的集成化软件工程环境,进而实现软件产品的工业化生产是非常有益且重要的.     

机载软件适航认证标准新进展及展望

为了满足机载软件适航认证的迫切需求,对机载软件适航认证标准进行分析研究.阐述了DO-178B的发展动因及过程,总结了随着软件开发技术的快速更新DO-178B所表现的不足.说明了对DO-178B进行更新的必要性,并将即将发布的新版本DO-178C与DO-178B进行了对比.根据对比结果重点分析了DO-178C的4个新增特性.对DO-178C所带来的影响以及未来应用进行了展望.     

基于硬件特征信息嵌入认证的软件保护

为了既方便软件开发、降低成本,又便于软件保护、维护权益人的利益,研究了软件保护的常用技术和方法,结合软件工程的具体实践,提出了基于硬件特征信息嵌入认证的软件保护方法.该方法的主要特点是利用用户计算机系统的硬件特征信息,采用特征信息嵌入法,通过对当前计算机特征信息与已认证特征信息表中的信息进行比对,实现基于认证的软件保护;同时使用有效的加密算法,进一步提高软件保护强度.实验结果表明,该方法设计简单、成本低、通用性强、保护强度高,是软件保护的有效方法.     

A model for software reuse

Software reusability is widely believed to be a key to help overcome the ongoing software crisis by improving software productivity and quality. New computer technology and the demands of an advancing society require new and more complicated software. It is unrealistic to expect that every software system can be developed solely reusing existing software; however, software reusability has proven to be a way of enhancing software productivity and quality in different organizations. It is also believed that reuse of code segments alone does not significantly reduce software development effort.By creating reuse support information while software is being developed (when the software is best known to software developers), the reuse effort for both software development and maintenance can be potentially reduced.In this paper, five types of RSI are presented: Semantic Web, Horizontal Web, Vertical Web, Syntactic Web, and Alternative Web. We collectively call these five webs a Quintet Web. The Semantic Web enables software developers to locate a software segment. The Horizontal Web provides a means to reuse a block of soflware along with other types of software from other phases of a development process. The inter-phase integration of software can be performed through this Web. The Vertical Web identifies the vertical relationship of a software block to its operational environment. The Syntactic Web locates all statements in which a variable is used. The Alternative Web provides alternative software blocks that perform an identical operation.A prototype of the Quintet Web is presented.     

基于WebGIS的构件软件工程环境研究

在深入研究构件库及环境的基础上,对基于构件的软件开发方法(CBSE/CBD)进行了研究.将基于构件的软件开发方法应用在地理信息系统领域(GIS),利用MapXtreme等构件和Java语言在GIS构件环境中设计并实现了郑州市网络地理信息系统(WebGIS).     

Model-driven engineering techniques for the development of multi-agent systems

Model-driven engineering (MDE), implicitly based upon meta-model principles, is gaining more and more attention in software systems due to its inherent benefits. Its use normally improves the quality of the developed systems in terms of productivity, portability, inter-operability and maintenance. Therefore, its exploitation for the development of multi-agent systems (MAS) emerges in a natural way. In this paper, agent-oriented software development (AOSD) and MDE paradigms are fully integrated for the development of MAS. Meta-modeling techniques are explicitly used to speed up several phases of the process. The Prometheus methodology is used for the purpose of validating the proposal. The meta-object facility (MOF) architecture is used as a guideline for developing a MAS editor according to the language provided by Prometheus methodology. Firstly, an Ecore meta-model for Prometheus language is developed. Ecore is a powerful tool for designing model-driven architectures (MDA). Next, facilities provided by the Graphical Modeling Framework (GMF) are used to generate the graphical editor. It offers support to develop agent models conform to the meta-model specified. Afterwards, it is also described how an agent code generator can be developed. In this way, code is automatically generated using as input the model specified with the graphical editor. A case of study validates the method put in practice for the development of a multi-agent surveillance system.     

IEEE软件可靠性系列标准分析

对IEEE软件可靠性系列标准进行分析,总结了IEEE制定软件可靠性标准的经验,以软件可靠性发展趋势。同时,结合我国软件可靠性标准化工作现状,提出软件可靠性标准的制定及关标准修订的可借鉴之处。     

A process model for interactive systems

Designing user interfaces and designing computational software are very different processes. The differences lead to late discovery of design conflicts, which drives up development costs. A unifying methodology that could provide early discovery and resolution of design conflicts must account for the governing principles of both processes. Disciplined long-term investigation of candidate methodologies requires that these governing principles be fixed and that evolving development methods comprising each process be accommodated. This article describes an application of general systems theory to integrate these principles, proposes a process model that fixes them as explicit elements of a process program, argues the feasibility of the model and its worthiness for further study, and describes its initial implementation.     

教育软件工程的研究框架与发展趋势

教育软件的开发一直缺少相适应的开发方法的研究。教育软件工程是近年来出现的崭新的研究方向,是软件工程和教育学相互融合深入的产物。首先从总体上讨论了教育软件的概念、教育软件工程在软件产品开发中和生存周期的关系,然后描述了当前应用的具有代表性的教育软件开发模型,最后是关于教育软件工程的未来研究课题内容、研究趋势整体框架和研究发展分层结构。     

基于CDIO模式的软件工程课程教改探讨

CDIO是以项目为载体,以能力培养为目的,倡导基于项目教育和学习的教学模式。针对目前软件工程导论课程理论教学与实验教学之间存在的严重脱节问题,提出CDIO模式在软件工程导论课程教学改革中的应用,主要包括CDIO的构思、设计、实施和运行四个阶段,从理论、实验和考核三个方面进行教学探索。经过二年多的实践检验,表明CDIO模式在软件工程导论课程中的教学改革是有效的,这为践行应用型教改开辟了一个途径。     

The lean gap: A review of lean approaches to large-scale software systems development

Lean approaches to product development (LPD) have had a strong influence on many industries and in recent years there have been many proponents for lean in software development as it can support the increasing industry need of scaling agile software development. With it's roots in industrial manufacturing and, later, industrial product development, it would seem natural that LPD would adapt well to large-scale development projects of increasingly software-intensive products, such as in the automotive industry. However, it is not clear what kind of experience and results have been reported on the actual use of lean principles and practices in software development for such large-scale industrial contexts. This was the motivation for this study as the context was an ongoing industry process improvement project at Volvo Car Corporation and Volvo Truck Corporation.     

基于COM的CAD软件二次开发平台的构建

组件对象模型(COM)是微软公司的重要技术之一。在介绍COM的基础上，讨论了CAD软件对二次开发支持的重要性和意义，阐述了利用COM技术进行构建CAD软件二次开发平台的一般过程，最后以已构建的捷惠CAD软件二次开发平台为例，简要地说明了利用此平台创建的用户程序的实际运行情况。     

Developing control and integration software for flexible manufacturing systems

The slow growth of computer-integrated manufacturing is attributed to the complexity of designing and implementing their control and integration software. This article expands on a methodology for designing and implementing this software that was introduced in [16]. The goal of this methodology is to build flexible and resuable control and integration software for computer-integrated manufacturing systems. It hinges upon the concepts of software/hardware components, their assemblages, a distributed common language environment, formal models, and generic controllers. Major sources of flexibility are obtained by decoupling process plan models from the model of the factory floor and by using a generic controller. Reusability is achieved by building selfcontained software/hardware components with general, possibly parametrized, interfaces. The interplay between simulated and actual hardware internals of software/hardware components is used as the basis of a testing strategy that performs off-line simulation followed by on-line testing.The methodology has been applied in designing and implementing the control and integration software of an actual Prismatic Machining Cell. The article also reports on the details of this implementation.The names of the authors appear in alphabetical order.     

A comparison of programming languages for software engineering

Four programming languages (Fortran, Cobol, Jovial and the proposed DoD standard) are compared in the light of modern ideas of good software engineering practice. The comparison begins by identifying a core for each language that captures the essential properties of the language and the intent of the language designers. These core languages then serve as a basis for the discussion of the language philosophies and the impact of the language on gross program organization and on the use of individual statements.     

基于构件的可重构软件开发平台技术研究

研究了可重构软件开发平台技术。提出了单一建模数据源技术,并基于这一技术设计了同时支持C／S和B／S两种软件体系结构的可重构软件开发平台及其关键业务构件。分析了基于构件化软件开发平台应用软件系统的构造过程。     

基于软件架构的可靠性分配算法

研究软件可靠性分配中的软件开发成本最小化问题.将软件系统的成本最小化问题表达为一类带约束条件的组合优化问题,并且提出了基于架构的软件可靠性与开发成本评估及分配思想,建立了基于软件架构的可靠性-成本模型,提出了基于该模型的可靠性最优分配算法.该算法可以求解在给定可靠性目标前提下的可靠性分配问题,使得软件系统预期开发成本最小.