国内外辣味科学研究的文献计量分析

辣椒属植物如辣椒不仅具有独特的辣味,其组分如辣椒素类物质还具有诸多药理作用.为了更直观地把握辣味科学研究领域的现状和主要学术脉络,本文以Web of Science核心数据库中共13389篇文献作为数据源,从辣味科学研究文献数量、国家/期刊/学术机构/作者的影响力和研究热点等角度出发,借助文献计量学方法,运用VOSvi...     

基于SCI-E的猕猴桃研究文献的计量分析

依据美国科学引文索引数据库扩展版（Science Citation Index Expanded）,对2004-2013年期间SCI-E收录的有关猕猴桃的1 253 篇研究文献,采用文献计量的方法,从论文发表的年份、文献类型与语种、学科领域和来源期刊、核心研究机构、国家或地区分布以及作者等方面对检索结果进行统计分析。结果表明：10 a内SCI猕猴桃研究文献呈逐步增长趋势;研究文献主要以期刊文献、英语文献为主;研究文献的主要学科领域是食品科技和植物科学;载文量最多的期刊是《Postharvest Biology and Technology》;发文量最多的机构为“New Zealand Institute forPlant Food Research Ltd.”;发文较多的国家有新西兰、意大利、中国等;发文最多的作者是塞尔维亚的Gavrovic-Jankulovic和新西兰的Clearwater;最具影响力作者是意大利的Tamburrini。通过该文的分析为我国科研人员了解有关猕猴桃研究动态,确立研究方向,开展科学研究与学术交流提供信息和帮助。     

《食品工业科技》2008～2010年载文质量的文献计量分析

采用文献计量学的方法,对《食品工业科技》2008～2010年间载文、作者和引文等三个方面的载文量等多项指标进行了统计分析。同时,针对该刊的不足,提出了相应的建议,以期推动刊物办刊质量的持续改善和发展。      

辣椒、花椒及关键麻辣呈味组分研究的文献计量对比分析

目的 直观地揭示基于辣椒和花椒及其关键呈味组分的麻辣研究学术脉络与演化趋势。方法 本研究以Web of Science核心数据库中近10年10000多篇文献为研究对象, 采用文献计量分析方法对比解析了麻辣研究的现状与热点。结果 麻辣研究均呈现多学科交叉融合的持续发展态势, 涉及植物科学、食品科学技术、生物化学分子生物学、药理学药剂学、神经科学和化学等诸多领域, 且它们的研究领域侧重点存在较多不同, 辣味研究的发文量远多于麻味研究。我国是麻辣研究领域发文量最多的国家, 特别是在麻味研究方面, 我国在国际合作、作者与研究机构影响力等方面均占据领先地位。本研究通过共现、聚类和突现分析, 进一步揭示了麻辣研究的热点和突跃关键词。结论 当前麻辣研究热点的共同点为花椒或辣椒及其主要成分的呈味与活性相关研究, 不同点为辣味研究主要聚焦辣椒及其相关食品在健康与品质方面的研究, 麻味研究则主要聚焦花椒及其关键组分在呈味、品质、健康效应等方面的研究。本研究可为食品科学技术、植物科学、药学和医学等领域的专家学者把握麻辣研究的现状、规律和方向提供理论依据。     

食品基本味觉研究的文献计量分析

食品基本味觉与人们生活和食品研究密不可分。该领域已取得大量的标志性成果,形成了一些较为成熟的机理、规律及其应用的共识,然而其研究现状、主要学术脉络和未来发展趋势缺乏系统的分析与总结。为此,本文以Web of Science核心数据库中筛选获得2012年至2021年间的15 445篇文献为源数据,借助文献计量分析方法,分析食品基本味觉的发文量及其分布,主要学术脉络及其     

《造纸科学与技术》2001～2005年载文国内被引分析

利用中国科技论文与引文数据库和中文科技期刊引文数据库，对中文核心期刊《造纸科学与技术》在2001～2005年间的载文被国内中文期刊引用频次分布，被引论文作者分布，被引论文年代分布和引用期刊分布等情况进行一次系统调查、分析与研究，客观揭示我国造纸科学工作者对该刊载文的借鉴和吸收情况。     

《中国造纸学报》载文国内被引的统计分析

利用中国科技论文与引文数据库和中文科技期刊引文数据库,对中文核心期刊《中国造纸学报》载文在1995—2006年间被国内中文期刊引用频次分布、被引论文作者分布、被引论文年代分布和引用期刊分布等情况进行系统调查、分析与研究,客观揭示我国自然科学工作者对该刊载文的借鉴和吸收情况。     

食品科学高被引论文计量分析

为了解食品科学学科的研究现状,基于文献计量学视角,对2009—2018年食品科学学科高被引论文的文献总量、发文国家、研究机构、来源期刊与研究热点进行分析.结果显示:我国在食品科学学科高被引论文数已位居全球第一,然而,从总被引次数和篇均被引次数看,我国高被引论文的影响力和质量与美国存在较大差距,我国在高被引论文国际科技合...     

Short communication: Enzymatic perspective of galactosidases reveals variations in lactose metabolism among Lactococcus lactis strains

To date, most studies of lactose utilization have focused on the genetic diversity of lactic acid bacteria or its influence on product quality, but phenotypic evaluation has rarely been based on metabolic characteristics. In the present study, we investigated the growth, acid production, β-galactosidase, and 6-phospho-β-galactosidase activities of 16 Lactococcus lactis strains obtained from various habitats with lactose as the sole carbon source. The 15 L. lactis strains obtained from various habitats exhibited significant differences in growth and acid production characteristics in the de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe-lactose broth, and 4 strains consumed more lactose when cultured in skim milk than the type strain ATCC 19435. Among these strains, DQHXNQ38–12 mainly produced acetoin and diacetyl when cultured in skim milk, whereas the strains 15M2 and 5G2 produced high levels of acid and formed curd rapidly. We concluded that the use of lactose is necessary for strain adaptation to the dairy niche. Comprehensive studies of lactose use and the fermentation characteristics of L. lactis are of significant importance.     

Fermented whey dairy beverage offers protection against Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar Typhimurium infection in mice

Fermented whey dairy beverages are dairy products obtained by fermentation from a mixture of milk and whey. These beverages have important health benefits, which could be improved with the addition of probiotic cultures. This study assessed the protective effect of the cosupplementation of a probiotic culture (Lactobacillus casei 01) with a fermented whey dairy beverage against infection by Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar Typhimurium in a murine model. Two fermented whey dairy beverages were prepared: conventional (FWB; starter culture) and probiotic (PFWB; starter and probiotic cultures). In the first set of experiments, Balb/C female mice were treated with FWB or PFWB, challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium, and analyzed for clinical signs, weight loss, and mortality for 20 d postinfection. In the second set of experiments, mice were treated with FWB or PFWB, challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium, and killed on d 10 postinfection. The liver, colon, and ileum were used for myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase, and histological analysis and translocation to the liver. The contents from the small intestine were used for secretory IgA determination. The FWB treatment showed a better effect on animal survival (70%), translocation of the pathogen to the liver (2 out of 10), histopathology (fewer lesions), and inflammation than PFWB, which presented 50% animal survival, translocation in 5 out of 10 animals, and higher lesions. The control group presented 40% animal survival, translocation in 6 out of 10 animals, and severe lesions. Therefore, FWB was deemed to have a greater protective effect against Salmonella Typhimurium infection in the murine model compared with PFWB.     

Preventive effect of Lactobacillus plantarum KSFY02 isolated from naturally fermented yogurt from Xinjiang,China, on d-galactose–induced oxidative aging in mice

Yogurt from Xinjiang, China, is a traditional and naturally fermented food, and abundant microorganisms are produced during its fermentation process. In this study, we carried out in vivo animal experiments to explore the effect of a newly isolated lactic acid bacterial strain, Lactobacillus plantarum KSFY02 (LP-KSFY02), on oxidative aging. We used d-galactose to induce oxidative aging in mice and analyzed the serum and tissues of those mice using molecular biology detection methods. The results showed that LP-KSFY02 could inhibit the decreases in the thymic, cerebral, cardiac, liver, spleen, and kidney indices of mice caused by oxidative aging. The LP-KSFY02 strain increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione (GSH) and reduced levels of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde in the serum, liver, and spleen of the oxidative aging mice. Pathological observation demonstrated that LP-KSFY02 alleviated damage to the liver and spleen of oxidative aging mice. Quantitative PCR showed that LP-KSFY02 effectively upregulated mRNA expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (Nos1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Nos3), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Sod1), manganese superoxide dismutase (Sod2), catalase (Cat), heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1), nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nfe2l2), γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (Gclm), and quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1) in mouse liver and spleen and downregulated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2). Western blot analysis revealed that LP-KSFY02 effectively upregulated protein expression of SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GSH1, and GSH2 in mouse liver and spleen tissues. Therefore, LP-KSFY02 can effectively prevent d-galactose–induced oxidative aging in mice. Its efficacy was superior to that of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (LDSB) and vitamin C, which are commonly used in the medical field as antioxidants. Thus, LP-KSFY02 is a high-quality strain with probiotic potential.     

Genetic parameters of endocrine fertility traits based on in-line milk progesterone profiles in Swedish Red and Holstein dairy cows

Evaluating fertility traits based on endocrine progesterone profiles is becoming a promising option to improve dairy cow fertility. Several studies have been conducted on endocrine fertility traits, mainly in the Holstein breed. In this study, focusing also on the Swedish Red (SR) breed, genetic parameters were estimated for classical and endocrine fertility traits, the latter based on in-line milk progesterone records obtained for 14 Swedish herds using DeLaval Herd Navigator (DeLaval International, Tumba, Sweden). A total of 210,403 observations from 3,437 lactations of 1,107 SR and 1,538 Holstein cows were used. Mixed linear animal models were used for estimation of genetic parameters. Least squares means analysis showed that Holstein cows had a 2.5-d-shorter interval from calving to commencement of luteal activity (C-LA) and longer length of first inter-ovulatory interval (IOI) than SR cows. The highest mean interval for C-LA, IOI, and first luteal phase length (LPL) was observed in the fourth parity. The incidence of short (<18 d), normal, (18–24 d), and long (>24 d) IOI was 29.3, 40.7, and 30%, respectively. Genetic analysis indicated moderate heritability (h²) for C-LA (h² = 0.24), luteal activity during the first 60 d in milk (LA60, h² = 0.15), proportion of samples with luteal activity (PLA, h² = 0.13), and calving to first heat (CFH, h² = 0.18), and low heritability estimates for LPL (h² = 0.08) and IOI (h² = 0.03) in the combined data set for both breeds. Similar heritability estimates were obtained for each breed separately except for IOI and LPL in SR cows, for which heritability was estimated to be zero. Swedish Red cows had 0.01 to 0.06 higher heritability estimates for C-LA, LA60, and PLA than did Holstein cows. Calving interval had moderate heritability among the classical traits for Holstein and the combined data set, but h² was zero for SR. Commencement of luteal activity had a strong genetic correlation with LA60 (mean ± SE; ?0.88 ± 0.06), PLA (?0.72 ± 0.11), and CFH (0.90 ± 0.04). Similarly, CFH had a strong genetic correlation with IOI (0.98 ± 0.20). Number of inseminations per series showed a weak genetic correlation with all endocrine traits except IOI. Overall, endocrine traits had higher heritability estimates than classical traits in both breeds, and may have a better potential to explain the actual reproductive status of dairy cows than classical traits. This might favor inclusion of some endocrine fertility traits—especially those related to commencement of luteal activity—as selection criteria and breeding goal traits if recording becomes more common in herds. Further studies on genetic and genomic evaluations for endocrine fertility traits may help to provide firm conclusions. A prerequisite is that the data from automatic devices be made available to recording and breeding organizations in the future and included in a central database.     

Enhancing the natural killer cell activity and anti-influenza effect of heat-treated Lactobacillus plantarum nF1-fortified yogurt in mice

Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is a global public health concern. It causes respiratory diseases ranging from mild illness to fatal disease. Natural killer (NK) cells are an innate immune component that kill infected cells and secrete cytokines to modulate the adaptive immune system; they constitute the first-line defense and play important roles in controlling IAV infection. This study evaluated the effect of daily administration of heat-treated Lactobacillus plantarum nF1-fortified yogurt on immunity and protection against IAV infection. Mice administered with heat-treated L. plantarum nF1-fortified yogurt showed elevated NK cell-related cytokine expression levels. Daily administration of the L. plantarum nF1-fortified yogurt before IAV infection also enhanced splenic NK activity, lung inflammatory cytokine responses, and survival rate. Thus, daily administration of nF1-fortified yogurt enhances host immunity and helps prevent IAV infection.