中国化工园区建设管理的“六个一体化”

随着我国化工园区步入发展成熟期，“一体化”已经成为化工园区建设管理的公认模式和发展方向，“一体化”理念也不断演变。本文叙述了当前化工园区建设管理的“六个一体化”理论体系，从“六个一体化”的发展理念、原则、体系构建及相互关系等方面，分析了化工园区建设管理中构筑“一体化”的内容和重要性。认为通过构建化工园区原料产品项目、公用工程物流、安全消防应急、环境保护生态、智能智慧数据、管理服务科创这六大方面的协同、合作、共享体系，完成化工园区的产业升级、设施完善、管理优化，从而可规范化工园区的管理，帮助其实现高质量发展。     

未来石化智能工厂顶层设计： 现状、对比及展望

国内石化智能工厂建设已有十年发展历史,目前正在进行智能工厂3.0的规划设计。石化智能工厂存在哪些挑战？石化智能制造有什么发展趋势？如何设计未来石化智能工厂？针对这三个问题,本文首先总结了石化智能工厂面临的挑战以及业务和技术能力需求。从工业软件、开放流程自动化、工程建设模式等三个视角分析了石化智能制造发展趋势,研究了国际灯塔工厂案例及启示。文章还阐述了石化智能制造的基本特征、内涵及演进路线,提出了未来石化智能工厂需要提升的5项关键能力和“六化”特征,提出了重点建设内容及智能场景规划思路,最后对未来发展进行了展望。     

潮州市消防公共设施现状与对策

城市火灾是一种发生频率高、危害性大、易造成较多人员伤亡的突发性灾害。文章通过对潮州市公共消防设施现状进行调查、分析了潮州市在消防供水、消防站布局、消防车辆配置、消防通讯、消防装备和消防通道等方面存在的问题,并针对具体情况分析了产生这些问题的原因,进而有针对性地提出解决问题、改变现状的对策,对城市公共消防设施提出改进措施和规划建设。     

Generalized analysis of regional fire risk using data visualization of incidents

Fire has been a worldwide disaster, and it is important to analyze regional fire risk for better fire prevention. Regional fire risk can be generally analyzed by using data visualization of fire incidents. A dataset of 20 622 fire incidents in Changsha City of China from 2011 to 2017 was processed and filtered as the origin risk points. Then, a generalized risk model (GRM) was established for calculating fire risk values of anywhere in Changsha. By using JavaScript and HTML5, the generalized fire risk graphics were drawn based on mapping different fire risk values with different colors. For visualizing fire incidents, the inner and outer generalization radiuses of the origin risk point were set to be 1 (110 m) and 10 (1100 m), respectively. It was found that the high and medium fire risk areas were mainly distributed in urban areas and market towns, especially in central city. The spatial distribution characteristics of fire risk of different time ranges and different causes were significantly varied. The results can provide guidance of fire prevention for the fire department in Changsha. Other cities' regional fire risk and even other types of disaster risk can also be generally analyzed using GRM.     

Fire risk assessment in cotton storage based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and Bayesian network

Cotton storage fire develops rapidly, and it has high probability of being out of control and causing huge economic loss. In order to carry out a quantitative risk assessment of cotton storage fire accidents, a dynamic risk assessment model of cotton storage fire is established by means of data analysis, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE), cases study and expert opinions based on Bayesian network (BN). The model includes three sections (fire causes section, fire discoverer section, fire control section) and one mainline, with 22 nodes, and gives accident risk in the form of economic loss. Risk can be renewed quickly by giving new evidence to model nodes of BN. The application of FCE provides a feasible solution to solve the data deficiency problem in databases, experiment results and experience in model construction. Sensitivity analysis result shows firefighters participation, timely control of fire, firefighting systems and workers are important to put out the fire. A case study shows that the loss of a fire accident happened in an open storage yard is more serious than the loss of a similar fire accident happened in warehouse. This model provides support for cotton storage fire risk management and decision-making in an emergency fire accident.     

智慧工厂综合管理信息系统开发及应用

国内智慧工厂尚未形成合理的理论体系和操作模式,如何高效、直观、迅速地整合企业所有信息资源,进行辅助智能决策是管理者面临的主要问题.本文从虚拟现实这一建立智慧工厂的关键技术手段出发,分析了其在化工行业各类工厂建模中的难点和问题,运用三维地理信息建模、激光点云扫描、360度全景影像等方法,结合可视化程序设计技术,设计开发了主要应用于工业企业的智慧工厂综合管理信息系统.该系统具备交互浏览、可视化信息查询统计、实时安防监控和预警预报、环境排污实时监测、生产流程和设备实时监测、地下管网管理和安全防护等功能,在企业取得了良好的应用效果,为国内智慧工厂如何建立提供了一种全新的解决思路.     

智慧安全管理系统在水泥工程建设项目的应用

利用智能化平台加强安全生产管理，是实现企业安全生产管理工作向信息化、数据化、智能化转变的必经之路。根据安全生产的标准化要求，我们从人员管控、集中监控、现场标准化管理等方向开展安全智能化平台建设，运用先进的智能技术对项目工地的人员、材料、设备、施工现场安全防护等工程建设中的安全管理要素进行全过程、全方位的智能管理，将“智慧工地”全面融入项目的建设过程，实现工地安全可视化，让安全“看得见，摸得着”。 关键词：智慧安全；智慧工地；大数据；信息化技术；施工现场     

PV electrical plants fire risk assessment and mitigation according to the Italian national fire services guidelines

Photovoltaic (PV) systems design and construction are generally focused on efficiency and reliability, in order to increase the amount of solar energy that can be converted into electrical energy. Therefore, in a PV electrical generation plant, fire risk is not taken into account by technical designers and, furthermore, is not considered by constructors of PV plant installation. This paper shows a procedure to assess and mitigate the fire risk as a result of a PV plant installation located over buildings, according to the Italian National Fire Services Guidelines. Firstly, an introduction to the main faulty modes of PV arrays and modules is reported in order to highlight how the pre‐existing level of fire risk is increased for a building or construction work where a PV electrical generation plant is installed. Hence, the paper explains how the guidelines point out fire risk assessment steps oriented to PV plant installation over buildings. In addition, the guidelines contain some useful fire risk mitigation technical solutions. The guidelines have been developed with safety as their main objective. The PV sector has been presented with certain limitations in roof or façade installations as a result of PV fire ignition characteristics and firefighting suppression techniques. The aim of the guidelines is to provide the solar PV industry with information and technical arrangements to aid the design, construction and installation of solar PV systems meeting the objectives of both solar PV industry and fire safety requirements. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rectification of “restrained vs unrestrained”

For furnace testing of fire-resistant floor and roof assemblies in the United States, the ASTM E 119 standard (and similarly the UL 263 standard) permits two classifications for boundary conditions: “restrained” and “unrestrained.” When incorporating tested assemblies into an actual structural system, the designer, oftentimes a fire protection or structural engineer, must judge whether a “restrained” or “unrestrained” classification is appropriate for the application. It is critical that this assumption be carefully considered and understood, as many qualified listings permit a lesser thickness of applied fire protection for steel structures (or less concrete cover for concrete structures) to achieve a certain fire resistance rating if a “restrained” classification is confirmed, as compared with an “unrestrained” classification. The emerging standardization of structural fire engineering practice in the United States will disrupt century-long norms in the manner to which structural behavior in fire is addressed. For instance, the current edition of the ASCE/SEI 7 standard will greatly impact how designers consider restraint. Accordingly, this paper serves as an exposé of the “restrained vs unrestrained” paradigm in terms of its paradoxical nature and its controversial impact on the industry. More importantly, potential solutions toward industry rectification are provided for the first time in a contemporary study of this paradigm.     

未来农业展望:1.智慧农业

通过对先进农业国家进行考察以及对现代农业、未来农业资料的搜集,指出未来农业的发展方向,并对智慧农业进行简要介绍,包括大数据与计算、智能传感系统、农业物联网与互联网、人工智能和智能化机械。同时,对我国肥料现状进行了分析,随着智慧农业的发展,势必会促进肥料产业的健康发展。     

顺丁橡胶生产装置灾害事故处置措施的研究

如何安全、科学、高效地处置橡胶企业事故已经成为消防救援队伍面临的重要课题。本文分析顺丁橡胶生产工艺过程的火灾危险性,结合江苏某石化橡胶有限公司“1.12”爆燃事故处置方案,探究顺丁橡胶生产类火灾的现场处置措施,为橡胶生产装置类火灾扑救工作提供参考,并针对橡胶生产企业日常安全管理工作提出建议。     

两化融合环境下智能工厂探索与实践

随着新一代信息技术的飞速发展,以“绿色智能”为核心的第四次工业革命正悄然兴起,从而为传统石化行业带来了巨大挑战与机遇。智能化发展成为石化企业转型升级的必然选择。为此,惠州石化积极响应《中国制造2025》,开展了智能工厂探索实践,提出以两化融合引领企业智能化进程的实施策略,开展基于工业互联网的工业大数据集成创新,研究形成智能炼厂的应用框架和实施内容,组织开展智能化的创新应用,取得了良好成效。同时指出推进新一代智能应用的主攻方向,为石化行业乃至流程行业智能工厂的建设提供了借鉴,形成具有中国海油特色的石化企业智能工厂示范效应。     

智慧矿山大数据技术分析与平台设计

大数据应用已开始在智慧矿山建设中发挥重要作用,其必将推动矿山两化融合的快速发展,从而提高矿山企业的生产效率.随着智慧矿山建设的深入推进,海量数据的堆积已成为一种新生态,数据已成为矿山企业生产与管理中的生产资料和潜在的生产力要素;为了充分利用和发挥海量数据的商业价值和潜在生产力,从分析智慧矿山大数据现状出发,研究了矿山大...     

大跨度钢结构建筑的防火保护

大跨度钢结构与其它结构形式相比,具有强度高、自重轻、跨度空间大、灵活好用等明显的优势,因而被广泛地应用于建筑、桥梁、仓库、体育馆及候机厅等工程中。但大跨度钢结构耐火极限低,火灾中极易发生变形倒塌,因此必须进行有效的防火保护。目前普遍使用的保护方法是喷涂防火涂料,以便提高大跨度钢结构的耐火极限和使用安全性,延缓其在火灾中强度的降低速度,为灭火救援和人员疏散争取时间。文章通过对大跨度钢结构防火涂料的类型研究,为消防部门进行有效的火灾预防提供可靠的依据。     

钢结构防火保护及防火涂料的选型

钢结构与其它结构形式相比,具有强度高、质量轻、空间大、灵活性好等明显的优势,因而广泛地应用于建筑、桥梁、船舶及采油平台结构等工程中。但由于钢结构耐火极限低,火灾中极易发生倒塌,因此必须进行防火保护。目前普遍使用的保护方法是喷涂防火涂料,以便提高钢结构的耐火极限和使用安全性,延缓其在火灾中强度的降低速度,为灭火救援和人员疏散争取时间。文章通过对钢结构防火涂料的选型研究,为消防部门进行有效的火灾预防提供依据。     

浅谈我国城市社区消防工作的现状及改进方法

我国城市社区的快速发展给消防事业提出了新的课题。当前我国城市社区消防工作经过长期的实践和摸索,取得了许多可喜的经验和成绩,但在许多方面仍不够完善,存在着不少问题。笔者结合我国城市社区消防工作的现状,谈些粗浅的看法。     

高压氢气储运设施泄漏喷射火过程预测模型及其验证

近年氢能已迅速成为能源领域“新宠”,正在迎来快速发展的战略机遇期,但氢安全问题仍然是制约其发展的关键,尤以高压氢气储运设施泄漏后引发喷射火灾害较为突出。为了探究高压氢气泄漏过程并对其引发喷射火灾特性参数变化进行评估,本文采用理论分析和实例验证相结合的方法对两起高压氢气泄漏实验案例（90 MPa氢气瓶和6 MPa氢气管道）进行了研究。结果表明：通过模型精度检验,Abel-Nobel气体状态方程适用于当前常用的多种高压氢气储运设施泄漏过程的描述。基于Abel-Nobel气体状态方程、火焰尺寸模型、辐射分数模型和热辐射模型构建的高压氢气泄漏喷射火过程预测模型对实验案例中的泄漏出口气体质量流量、氢喷射火焰长度和辐射热场等的模拟计算结果与实验测量数据基本一致,验证了模型有效性及所含假设合理性。另外在计算中还需要结合实际情况充分考虑高压氢气储运设施发生泄漏时产生的能量损失以及等温流动过程,从而对模型预测精度进行修正。上述结论对于工程实际、氢能安全利用以及灾害预防等具有重要现实意义。     

Properties of electrically responsive hydrogels as a potential dynamic tool for biomedical applications

Hydrogels with electric responsive properties are gaining research focus due to increasing demand for miniaturized devices that can be precisely controlled using an external stimulus. Such systems are well suited due to their ability to expand and contract when in contact with different types of fluid. This study reports on the synthesis of a “smart” electroresponsive network, using a neutral, “non‐smart,” biocompatible hydrogel forming building block, Pluronic F127 (PF127), as a starting molecule. The PEO–PPO–PEO copolymer was modified with telechelic methacrylic end functionalities to form a triblock linear prepolymer with crosslinkable end groups (crosslinker). This bifunctional prepolymer, PF127 bismethacrylate (PF127BMA), was copolymerized covalently with anionic methacrylic acid sodium salt groups into a nonsoluble 3D hydrogel network in the presence of redox initiators. The polyelectrolyte domains in the pluronic hydrogel afforded controllable swelling capabilities with volumetric expansion exceeding 8500% in deionized water or 1400% in Krebs solution. The hydrogels were further assessed for their mechanical and electroactive response as a function of increasing acid salt content. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41195.     

Reduced‐scale test to assess the effect of fire barriers on the flaming combustion of cored composites: An upholstery‐material case study

Herein, we describe a reduced‐scale test (“Cube” test), measuring the fire performance of specimens including a fire barrier (FB) and a flammable core material, which acts as the main fuel load. The specimen is intended to reproduce a cross‐section of a composite product where heat/mass transfer occurs primarily in a direction perpendicular to the FB. The Cube test procedure and benefits are discussed in this work by adopting residential upholstery furniture as an exemplary study. One flexible polyurethane foam, one polypropylene cover fabric, and 10 commercially available FBs were selected. They were used to compare the fire performance of FBs, measured in terms of peak of heat release rate, in the ASTM E1474‐14 standard test and the newly developed Cube test. Edge effects severely affected the performance of FBs in the ASTM E1474‐14 standard test but not in the Cube test. Furthermore, appropriate test conditions were determined in the Cube test to measure the so‐called “wetting point,” that is, the time and value of heat release rate measured when flammable liquid products were first observed on the bottom of the specimen. The relevance of the “wetting point” in terms of full‐scale fire performance and failure mechanism of FBs is discussed.     

特殊消防设计在大型高铁车站设计中的运用

近年来在基础设施建设的投入显著增强,出现了较多的超高层建筑和大体量单体建筑,这就在建筑消防设计方面带来了许多问题。以在建的大同至张家口客运专线某站为例,探讨特殊消防设计在大型单体建筑中的运用,提出了一些特殊消防设计方案,进行了一系列消防安全性验证,证明了特殊消防设计能够解决大型单体建筑消防设计与现行规范的矛盾。