Convolutional Neural Network Based Intelligent Handwritten Document Recognition

This paper presents a handwritten document recognition system based on the convolutional neural network technique. In today’s world, handwritten document recognition is rapidly attaining the attention of researchers due to its promising behavior as assisting technology for visually impaired users. This technology is also helpful for the automatic data entry system. In the proposed system prepared a dataset of English language handwritten character images. The proposed system has been trained for the large set of sample data and tested on the sample images of user-defined handwritten documents. In this research, multiple experiments get very worthy recognition results. The proposed system will first perform image pre-processing stages to prepare data for training using a convolutional neural network. After this processing, the input document is segmented using line, word and character segmentation. The proposed system get the accuracy during the character segmentation up to 86%. Then these segmented characters are sent to a convolutional neural network for their recognition. The recognition and segmentation technique proposed in this paper is providing the most acceptable accurate results on a given dataset. The proposed work approaches to the accuracy of the result during convolutional neural network training up to 93%, and for validation that accuracy slightly decreases with 90.42%.     

基于脉冲神经网络的钢材表面缺陷识别研究

目的 针对现有钢材缺陷识别算法特征图利用不充分、识别准确率低、参数量大等问题,基于脉冲神经网络,提出一种用于钢材缺陷识别的稠密卷积脉冲神经网络(DCSNN)模型,减少系统消耗和内存占用。方法 首先,采用卷积编码,对输入图片进行特征提取和编码。其次,采用稠密连接算法搭建稠密卷积脉冲神经网络,实现特征重复利用,抑制梯度消失,并通过替代梯度下降算法进行网络训练。最后,在带钢数据集上进行测试,实现带钢缺陷识别。结果 实验结果显示,DCSNN在测试集上的准确率为98.61%,参数量为0.5万,结论 在钢材表面缺陷识别问题上表现出良好效果。     

多通道图像色彩重建的神经网络算法

为了解决目前多光谱成像设备输出的应用问题,将神经网络算法应用于多通道图像色彩重建。CCD相机加LED光源组成多光谱成像系统,研究其输出的多通道图像中色彩信息的高效转换方法,建立了D50光源下的神经网络转换模型,利用BP神经网络和GRNN对多光谱成像系统进行色彩重建实验。研究结果表明：采用搭建的模型可以得到较高的色度重建精度,更换目标样本色彩重建性能保持稳定。     

Fuzzy controlled backpropagation neural network for tool condition monitoring in face milling

The performance of a fuzzy controlled backpropagation neural network has been studied to predict the tool wear in a face milling process based on simple process parameters and sensor signal features. The results show the potentiality of the method in comparison to the standard backpropagation neural network and one of its variants. The speed of convergence, accuracy of prediction and total time of system development make fuzzy controlled backpropagation an attractive technique amenable for online tool condition monitoring.     

Automated Artificial Intelligence Empowered White Blood Cells ClassificationModel

White blood cells (WBC) or leukocytes are a vital component of the blood which forms the immune system, which is accountable to fight foreign elements. The WBC images can be exposed to different data analysis approaches which categorize different kinds of WBC. Conventionally, laboratory tests are carried out to determine the kind of WBC which is erroneous and time consuming. Recently, deep learning (DL) models can be employed for automated investigation of WBC images in short duration. Therefore, this paper introduces an Aquila Optimizer with Transfer Learning based Automated White Blood Cells Classification (AOTL-WBCC) technique. The presented AOTL-WBCC model executes data normalization and data augmentation process (rotation and zooming) at the initial stage. In addition, the residual network (ResNet) approach was used for feature extraction in which the initial hyperparameter values of the ResNet model are tuned by the use of AO algorithm. Finally, Bayesian neural network (BNN) classification technique has been implied for the identification of WBC images into distinct classes. The experimental validation of the AOTL-WBCC methodology is performed with the help of Kaggle dataset. The experimental results found that the AOTL-WBCC model has outperformed other techniques which are based on image processing and manual feature engineering approaches under different dimensions.     

An intelligent mining system for diagnosing medical images using combined texture‐histogram features

The aim of this article is to design an expert system for medical image diagnosis. We propose a method based on association rule mining combined with classification technique to enhance the diagnosis of medical images. This system classifies the images into two categories namely benign and malignant. In the proposed work, association rules are extracted for the selected features using an algorithm called AprioriTidImage, which is an improved version of Apriori algorithm. Then, a new associative classifier CLASS_Hiconst ( CL assifier based on ASS ociation rules with Hi gh Con fidence and S uppor t ) is modeled and used to diagnose the medical images. The performance of our approach is compared with two different classifiers Fuzzy‐SVM and multilayer back propagation neural network (MLPNN) in terms of classifier efficiency with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. The experimental result shows 96% accuracy, 97% sensitivity, and 96% specificity and proves that association rule based classifier is a powerful tool in assisting the diagnosing process. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 194–203, 2013     

Photon-limited image classification with a feedforward neural network

An application of neural networks to the classification of photon-limited images is reported. A three-level feedforward network architecture is employed in which the input units of the network correspond to the pixels of a two-dimensional image. The network is trained in a minicomputer by the use of the backpropagation technique. The statistics of the network components are analyzed, resulting in a method by which the probability of correct classification of a given input image can be calculated. Photon-limited images of printed characters are obtained with a photon-counting camera and are classified. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions.     

An Early Stopping-Based Artificial Neural Network Model for Atmospheric Corrosion Prediction of Carbon Steel

The optimization of network topologies to retain the generalization ability by deciding when to stop overtraining an artificial neural network (ANN) is an existing vital challenge in ANN prediction works. The larger the dataset the ANN is trained with, the better generalization the prediction can give. In this paper, a large dataset of atmospheric corrosion data of carbon steel compiled from several resources is used to train and test a multilayer backpropagation ANN model as well as two conventional corrosion prediction models (linear and Klinesmith models). Unlike previous related works, a grid searchbased hyperparameter tuning is performed to develop multiple hyperparameter combinations (network topologies) to train multiple ANNs with mini-batch stochastic gradient descent optimization algorithm to facilitate the training of a large dataset. After that, one selection strategy for the optimal hyperparameter combination is applied by an early stopping method to guarantee the generalization ability of the optimal network model. The correlation coefficients (R) of the ANN model can explain about 80% (more than 75%) of the variance of atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel, and the root mean square errors (RMSE) of three models show that the ANN model gives a better performance than the other two models with acceptable generalization. The influence of input parameters on the output is highlighted by using the fuzzy curve analysis method. The result reveals that TOW, Cl- and SO2 are the most important atmospheric chemical variables, which have a well-known nonlinear relationship with atmospheric corrosion.     

Detection of brain tumour from MRI image using modified region growing and neural network

Abstract

Region growing is an important application of image segmentation in medical research for detection of tumour. In this paper, we propose an effective modified region growing technique for detection of brain tumour. It consists of four steps which includes: (i) pre-processing; (2) modified region growing by the inclusion of an additional orientation constraint in addition to the normal intensity constrain; (3) feature extraction of the region; and (4) final classification using the neural network. The performance of the proposed technique is systematically evaluated using the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain images received from the public sources. For validating the effectiveness of the modified region growing, we have considered the quantity rate parameter. For the evaluation of the proposed technique of tumour detection, we make use of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values which we compute from finding out false positive, false negative, true positive and true negative. Comparative analyses were made of the normal and the modified region growing using both the Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network. From the results obtained, we could see that the proposed technique achieved the accuracy of 80% for the testing dataset, which clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of the modified region growing when compared to the normal technique.     

图片卫士:一个自动成人图像识别系统

设计并实现了一个自动识别成人图像识别系统“图片卫士”。图片卫士采用3层识别框架,利用肤色、纹理、图像视觉特征分层逐级识别成人图像。为了可靠地检测到图像中的肤色区域,提出了一种新的自适应统计肤色模型。在肤色检测基础上,通过皮肤纹理验证过程,图像中的人体皮肤区域被准确地分割出来。基于图像中皮肤区域,提取9个经验特征来表示图像内容,并采用AdaBoost算法构造一个总体分类器进行图像分类,识别正常图像和成人图像。在算法评估中,建立了一个78205幅图像的测试集,其中59885幅为正常图像,18320幅为成人图像。图片卫士显示了良好的系统性能,具有成人图像88．5％的识别率,正常图像92．5％的识别率。在PentiumⅣ1．5GHz的个人计算机上,图片卫士的平均处理速度为正常图像每秒5．6幅和成人图像每秒1．9幅。图片卫士可以应用在个人计算机或网络传输中,实时监控和过滤成人图像,还可以为网络安全等应用提供技术支持。     

基于双分支特征提取的轻量级图像分割算法

目的 为了提升彩色图像的分割精度，解决彩色图像分割中存在庞大计算成本和冗余参数的问题，本文提出一种双分支特征提取网络来解决上述问题。方法 双分支特征提取网络主要由语义信息分支和空间细节分支组成。语义信息分支通过在非对称残差模块中设置不同的空洞卷积率来获取输入图像不同尺度的上下文信息。空间细节分支是一个浅层且简单的网络，用于建立每个像素间的局部依赖关系以保留细节。在双分支之后连接一个特征聚合模块来有效地结合这2个分支的输出。结果 在没有任何预训练和后处理的情况下，在单块RTX2080Ti GPU上仅用0.91 M参数在Cityscapes数据集上以97帧/s的速度实现75.1%的分割准确性，在Camvid数据集上以107帧/s的推理速度取得了70.5%的分割效果。结论 通过大量实验证明，本文模型在分割准确性和效率之间取得了较好的平衡。     

小样本药用玻璃瓶缺陷生成方法及应用

目的 为了克服药包玻璃瓶缺陷样本不足带来的缺陷检测模型精度不准的问题,提出改进StyleGAN2-ADA的缺陷样本生成方法,提升模型鲁棒性。方法 首先,基于StyleGAN2-ADA算法,在无缺陷图像集上训练网络模型并作为骨干。其次,在骨干网络上添加缺陷感知残差块,生成缺陷掩码,在少量的缺陷图像数据集上训练网络模型操纵掩码区域的特征,模拟缺陷图像生成过程,合成缺陷图像。最后,采用YOLOv7检测网络验证该样本生成方法的效果。结果 实验结果表明,该方法在大量正常图像和少量缺陷图像基础上生成逼真且多样性的缺陷图像,应用该缺陷样本合成方法丰富数据集后,西林瓶缺陷检测平均准确率（mAP）达到97.3%,较原始数据集合和StyleGAN2-ADA算法分别提高了33.1%和4.1%。结论 该图像生成方法可以在少量缺陷样本下生成高质量的缺陷图像,优化不均衡数据集,增强模型训练的稳定性,提高药用玻璃包装产品的质量和合格率。     

Remote sensing image segmentation using a Kalman filter-trained neural network

This article describes the application of a neural network to the segmentation of remote sensing images of multispectral SPOT and fully polarimetric SAR data. The structure of the network is a modified multilayer perceptron and is trained by the Kalman filter theory. The internal activity of the network is a nonlinear function, while the function at output layer is linearized through the use of a polynomial basis function, thus allowing us employ the theory of Kalman filtering as the learning rule. The network is therefore called the dynamic learning (DL) neural network. It is found that, when applied to SPOT and SAR data, the DL neural network gives a good segmentation results, while the learning rate is very promising compared to the standard backpropagation network and other fast-learning networks. In particular, for polarimetric SAR data, optimum polarizations for discriminating between different terrains are automatically built in through the use of the Kalman filter technique. The suitability and effectiveness of the proposed DL neural network to the segmentation of remote sensing images is demonstrated. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

BP神经网络的火焰图像温度检测方法

基于炉膛火焰温度不同，与之相对应通过CCD摄取的炉膛火焰图像颜色也不同，提出了一种检测炉膛火焰温度的方法。将获取的炉膛火焰图像RGB模型转换为HSI颜色值，用H、S值作为BP神经网络输入，通过样本图像训练后，拟合H、S与温度T的非线性关系，计算得到炉膛火焰温度值。实验表明，计算温度与实际温度良好相符，温度测量方法切实可行。     

Deep transfer learning based hepatitis B virus diagnosis using spectroscopic images

Accurate identification of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) disease by analyzing the Raman spectroscopic images is a challenge for pathologists. To save precious human lives, an efficient technique is required with higher diagnostic accuracy at early‐stage of HBV. We proposed a novel method of HBV diagnosis using deep neural networks with the concept of transfer learning and Raman spectroscopic images. The proposed approach developed by utilizing pretrained convolutional neural networks ResNet101 by employing transfer learning on a real dataset of HBV‐infected blood plasma samples. Dataset consists of 1000 Raman images in which 600 are HBV‐infected blood plasma samples, and 400 are healthy ones. The developed model is capable to detect minute variation between infected and healthy samples and achieved enhanced performance. The proposed approach has been assessed and attained high classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of 99.7%, 100%, 99.25%, and 98.7%, respectively. The proposed TL‐ResNet101 model outperformed the conventional approaches such as PCA‐SVM and PCA‐LDA and demonstrated improved accuracy more than 7%. High performance indicates that the developed TL‐ResNet101 model has potential to use for HBV diagnosis. Moreover, the developed automated approach can be extended for other disease.     

一种数码喷墨印花机的颜色特性化方法

目的为了提升数码印花中彩色图像的复现精度,提出一种在子空间采用遗传算法优化BP神经网络的颜色特性化方法。方法介绍遗传算法(GA)优化BP神经网络的基本原理,设计一种在L*a*b*颜色子空间建立的颜色特性化模型,并对1000个色样开展GA-BP神经网络模型训练实验,最终拟合出印花色样的L*a*b*色度值和输入的印花图像RGB驱动值之间的非线性关系。结果该方法对125个测试色样的颜色特性化预测结果显示,超过90%的色样色差分布在2.0以内,光谱均方根误差(RMSE)分布在0.02以内。结论该方法较未进行遗传算法优化BP神经网络,预测精度得到明显提升,能够达到较高的数码喷墨印花彩色图像复现精度。     

An example of the use of neural computing techniques in materials science—the modelling of fatigue thresholds in Ni-base superalloys

Two adaptive numerical modelling techniques have been applied to prediction of fatigue thresholds in Ni-base superalloys. A Bayesian neural network and a neurofuzzy network have been compared, both of which have the ability to automatically adjust the network’s complexity to the current dataset. In both cases, despite inevitable data restrictions, threshold values have been modelled with some degree of success. However, it is argued in this paper that the neurofuzzy modelling approach offers real benefits over the use of a classical neural network as the mathematical complexity of the relationships can be restricted to allow for the paucity of data, and the linguistic fuzzy rules produced allow assessment of the model without extensive interrogation and examination using a hypothetical dataset. The additive neurofuzzy network structure means that redundant inputs can be excluded from the model and simple sub-networks produced which represent global output trends. Both of these aspects are important for final verification and validation of the information extracted from the numerical data. In some situations neurofuzzy networks may require less data to produce a stable solution, and may be easier to verify in the light of existing physical understanding because of the production of transparent linguistic rules.     

Performance analysis of neural networks for classification of medical images with wavelets as a feature extractor

In this article, we analyze the performance of artificial neural network, in classification of medical images using wavelets as feature extractor. This work classifies the mammographic image, MRI images, CT images, and ultrasound images as either normal or abnormal. We have tested the proposed approach using 50 mammogram images (13 normal and 37 abnormal), 24 MRI brain images (9 normal and 15 abnormal), 33 CT images (11 normal and 22 abnormal), and 20 ultrasound images (6 normal and 14 abnormal). Four kind of neural network models such as BPN (Back Propagation Network), Hopfield, RBF (Radial Basis Function), and PNN (Probabilistic neural network) were chosen for study. To improve diagnostic accuracy, the feature extracted using wavelets such as Harr, Daubechies (db2, db4, and db8), Biorthogonal and Coiflet wavelets are given as input to the neural network models. Good classification percentage of 96% was achieved using the RBF when Daubechies (db4) wavelet based feature extraction was used. We observed that the classification rate is almost high under the RBF neural network for all the dataset considered. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 25, 33–40, 2015     

Skin lesion classification based on the VGG-16 fusion residual structure

The analysis of skin lesion images is challenging due to the high interclass similarity and intraclass variance. Therefore, improving the ability to automatically classify based on skin lesion images is necessary to help physicians classify skin lesions. We propose a network model based on the Visual Geometry Group Network (VGG-16) fusion residual structure for the multiclass classification of skin lesions. based on the VGG-16 network, we simplify and improve the network structure by adding a preprocessing layer (CBRM layer) and fusing the residual structure. We also use a hair removal algorithm and perform six data augmentation operations on a small number of skin lesion images to balance the total number of the seven skin lesions in the dataset. The model was evaluated on the ISIC2018 dataset. Experiments have shown that our network model achieves good classification performance, with a test accuracy rate of 88.14% and a macroaverage of 98%.     

基于粗糙集理论的模糊神经网络及其在化纤生产过程中的应用

提出一种基于粗糙集理论的模糊神经网络系统,首先运用粗糙集理论来发现大量样本数据中的概略化的规则,然后根据这些规则来设计神经网络的结构模型,并利用神经网络技术对模型进行训练。化纤工业中抽丝冷却侧吹风过程的模拟仿真实验,证明了该方法的有效性和可行性。