Ferroelectric Ceramics in the PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-PbCd1/3Nb2/3O3 System

Solid solutions (1-x)PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ + xPbCd_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ with x = 0-0.30 are investigated with purpose to work out a capacitor ceramics with good dielectric properties and low sintering temperature. It is found that the perovskite phase forms at sintering near to 980°C and begins to decompose at higher temperatures. When x grows from 0 to 0.30, the Curie temperature linearly grows from -10°C to +25°C, the dielectric permittivity ε_m in the Curie point T_C decreases from 18000 to 6800 and the phase transition becomes more diffused. The dielectric permittivity at room temperature is rather high and the temperature stability is improved. The system is of interest, because it can serve as a base for working out some ceramic materials for capacitors with low sintering temperature, which needs of no special atmosphere at burning.     

Thermal analyses of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)

Thermal analyses of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(HB–HV)], and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(HB–HHx)] were made with thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the thermal degradation of PHB, the onset of weight loss occurred at the temperature (°C) given by T_o = 0.75B + 311, where B represents the heating rate (°C/min). The temperature at which the weight-loss rate was at a maximum was T_p = 0.91B + 320, and the temperature at which degradation was completed was T_f = 1.00B + 325. In the thermal degradation of P(HB–HV) (70:30), T_o = 0.96B + 308, T_p = 0.99B + 320, and T_f = 1.09B + 325. In the thermal degradation of P(HB–HHx) (85:15), T_o = 1.11B + 305, T_p = 1.10B + 319, and T_f = 1.16B + 325. The derivative thermogravimetry curves of PHB, P(HB–HV), and P(HB–HHx) confirmed only one weight-loss step change. The incorporation of 30 mol % 3-hydroxyvalerate (HV) and 15 mol % 3-hydroxyhexanoate (HHx) components into the polyester increased the various thermal temperatures T_o, T_p, and T_f relative to those of PHB by 3–12°C (measured at B = 40°C/min). DSC measurements showed that the incorporation of HV and HHx decreased the melting temperature relative to that of PHB by 70°C. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 90–98, 2001     

纳米粉体Y_2O_3:Ti~(3+),Pr~(3+)的光谱性能

采用共沉淀法在氮氢气氛中制备出Y2O3:Ti3+,Pr3+纳米粉体,通过XRD、TEM方法确认了它的晶相与晶粒尺寸,测量了它的激发与发射谱,并与Y2O3:Ti3+纳米粉体的光谱进行了比较。结果显示:共掺Pr3+仅在281nm处产生了激发峰,而在蓝绿光区没有产生激发峰,以致365～480nm的光激发不出Pr3+的特征红荧光。表明:共掺Pr3+的Y2O3:Ti3+用作白光LED荧光粉,难以改善发光性能。     

MnCO3添加剂对MgTiO3-CaTiO3系瓷改性的研究

用单因素法分析了MnCO3添加量对MgTiO3-CaTiO3系瓷的结构、吸水率、介电常数、介电损耗和温度系统的影响 ,用XRD确定了其物相组成。结果表明 ,在 10GHz时介电常数为 2 1、频率温度系数为 - 6.3× 10 - 6 ℃、Q(10GHz)≥ 42 0 0的高致密度介电陶瓷 ,具有良好微波特性     

2,2,3-三氯-3-苯基-3-(3-甲基苯甲酰基)丙腈的合成研究

以苯甲酰氯、四氯化碳、间甲基苯甲酰氰为原料,合成了标题化合物。重点考察了氰化过程中不同原料配比、反应温度、时间、溶剂和催化剂用量对收率的影响。实验结果表明,其最佳反应条件为:n(1,1,2-三氯-2-苯基乙烯)∶n(3-甲基苯甲酰氰)=1∶1.2,二氯甲烷为反应溶剂,3 mmol催化剂三乙胺,室温反应5 h,总收率达80.6%。     

3-芳基丙烯酸及其酯的合成

研究了以无水碳酸钾作催化剂 ,芳香醛与酸酐反应合成 3 芳基丙烯酸 ,用对甲苯磺酸催化酯化反应合成 3 芳基丙烯酸酯。产品结构经1HNMR、IR和元素分析证明与预期结构相符。     

聚羟基丁酸己酸酯对聚羟基丁酸戊酸酯结晶性能的影响

采用溶液浇铸法制备了生物可降解聚羟基丁酸戊酸酯（PHBV）和聚羟基丁酸己酸酯（PHBHHx）共混物,用差示扫描量热仪和偏光显微镜研究了PHBHHx对PHBV热性能与结晶性能的影响。结果表明,PHBV和PHBHHx之间存在一定的相互作用,PHBV的冷结晶温度随PHBHHx含量的增加向高温方向移动;PHBV/PHBHHx共混物的结晶呈环带球晶现象,随PHBHHx含量的提高,环带球晶逐渐变得规整、清晰,且带宽逐渐减小。     

Eu^3＋、Dy^3＋对CaTiO3：Pr^3＋红色磷光体发光性能的影响

采用改进高温固相法合成了掺杂Eu3+和Dy3+作为共激活离子的红色长余辉磷光体,详细阐述了Eu3+、Dy3+对CaTiO3:Pr3+红色磷光体发光性能的影响.通过X-射线衍射仪和电子扫描显微镜对所得样品的晶相类型及表面形态进行了表征,结果发现,在一定灼烧温度下,Eu3+或/和Dy3+对晶相的作用是协同的,且Eu3+或/和Dy3+对CaTiO3:Pr3+红色磷光体的粒径也有影响.室温条件下采用荧光/磷光发光光度计对其发光性能进行测定,结果表明,一定量的Eu3+或/和Dy3+能显著改善CaTiO3:Pr3+红色磷光体的发光性能.     

三维编织技术及管状三维编织物的编织

本文简要介绍了三维（３Ｄ）编织技术的发展情况、特点和３Ｄ编织物的性能，也介绍了管状３Ｄ编织物的编织过程。     

3-叠氮甲基-3-乙基氧杂环丁烷及其均聚物的合成与性能

为开发新型含能黏合剂,以三羟甲基丙烷、碳酸二乙酯、对甲苯磺酰氯、叠氮化钠为原料,合成出一种新型叠氮类氧杂环单体3-叠氮甲基-3-乙基氧杂环丁烷（AMEO）。用核磁、红外、元素分析和DSC表征了AMEO的结构与性能。以1,4-丁二醇为起始剂,三氟化硼乙醚络合物为催化剂,二氯甲烷为溶剂,AMMO为单体,借助于阳离子开环聚合,合成出聚3-叠氮甲基-3-乙基氧杂环丁烷（PAMEO）。用红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析、羟值、数均分子质量表征和测定了聚合物的结构和性能。     

红色荧光粉YAl3(BO3)4:Eu3+的制备及发光性能研究

以稀土氧化物、硝酸铝和硼酸为原料,高温固相反应制备了单相红色荧光粉YAl3(BO3)4:Eu3+,用X射线衍射和发射光谱对荧光粉末的结构和发光性能进行了分析.研究了煅烧温度、Eu3+掺杂量对其发光性能的影响.结果表明,反应物在1 250 ℃下煅烧可制得单相YAl3(BO3)4:Eu3+晶体,在YAl3(BO3)4:Eu3+晶体中,Eu3+取代了YAl3(BO3)4晶体中Y3+,占据了非对称中心格位.在394 nm的紫外光激发下,YAl3(BO3)4:Eu3+荧光粉具有很强的发光性能,与(Y,Gd)BO3:Eu3+荧光粉相比,最强发射线波长由596 nm变为618 nm,由橙红色光变为红色光,色纯度有了很大提高.Eu3+的最佳掺杂量为8%(物质的量分数).     

3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环的合成

以三羟甲基乙烷与碳酸二乙酯为原料,经环化反应合成了3-羟甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(HMM O)。在低温下,HMM O与对甲苯磺酰氯反应生成3-磺酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(M TM O)。M TM O和叠氮化钠发生叠氮化反应形成叠氮单体3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(AMM O)。三步反应收率分别为76%,96%,85%。用核磁、红外、元素分析和DSC表征了化合物的结构与性能。结构鉴定表明为目标化合物AMM O。     

钙钛矿型LaFeO3和SrFeO3的光催化性能

采用柠檬酸法合成钙钛矿型复合氧化物LaFeO3和SrFeO3,并以其为光催化剂对不同水溶性染料进行光催化降解实验.结果表明:SrFeO3的光催化活性明显高于LaFeO3,这与A位离子(La3+,Sr2+)的电子构型的不同有关.     

Emission Analysis of Pr3 +& Tm3 +: B2O3-BaO-LiF/AlF3 Glasses

We report here on the preparation and emission properties of Pr³⁺(4f²) and Tm³⁺ (4f¹²) ions doped in newly developed to transparent glassy matrices of BBLi (= B₂O₃-BaO-LiF) BBAl (= B₂O₃-BaO-AlF₃). Under an UV source (355 nm), both the Tm³⁺: BBLi and Tm^{3 +}: BBAl glasses have shown bright blue emission at 452 nm. With regard to both the Pr³⁺: BBL and Pr³⁺: BBAl glasses red emission have been noticed upon excitation with blue excitation wavelength (445 nm).These results have also been obtained from the measurement of their emission spectra. For such emission bands, decay curves have been recorded to obtain their lifetimes. We have prepared optical glasses with good transparency and stability. From the measurement of XRD spectra, amorphous nature of these glasses have been confirmed. Between the two glasses studied, glass containing Li has demonstrated an extended UV transmission and also it has revealed an improved NIR transmission ability compared to the other glass with LiF.     

3-氯丙酸路线合成3-巯基丙酸

本文以3-氯丙酸为原料合成得到3-巯基丙酸,对影响反应的因素做了探讨。结果表明：反应介质pH值、取代反应时间、酸解反应时间、锌粉用量对反应有明显影响。当控制取代反应介质pH=7,酸解反应时间2h,锌粉和3-氯丙酸摩尔比为0．77时,3-巯基丙酸收率高迭78％,纯度大于99％（GC）。铁粉代替锌粉时,产品收率略有提高,为80％。     

3,3'-二氯联苯胺合成新工艺的研究

介绍了3,3＇-二氯联苯胺合成新工艺,以邻硝基氯苯为基础原料,经甲醛还原和锌粉还原两步反应制得2,2’-二氯氢化偶氟苯,后经盐酸转位,精制得到3,3＇-二氯联苯胺,收率可达到82％,含量可达99％。     

沉淀法制备Nd~(3+)掺杂改性的钛酸钡

用共沉淀法合成了BaTiO3,研究了Ba1-xNdxTiO3系Nd3+施主一次掺杂在x=0.03~0.065之间时,BaTiO3基陶瓷电容器的本征电性能。结果表明,在此含量范围掺杂的情况下,陶瓷呈绝缘性,Nd3+含量在0.03~0.055左右时随着Nd3+含量的增加,陶瓷的ε增加,Tc呈下降趋势,tgδ值下降。Zr4+的加入也可使材料的ε增加,Tc下降。Mn2+的加入对材料的本征电性能影响不大。Ba1-3x/2NdxTiO3配比比Ba1-xNdxTiO3配比的材料的温度特性要好。     

前驱体制备(1-x)CaTiO3-xCa(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3陶瓷的微波介电性能

以ZnNb2O6为前驱体,通过固相反应合成了(1-x)CaTiO_3-xCa(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3体系微波介质陶瓷。对固溶体进行了结构与性能测试,研究了体系结构与性能随组份变化规律。结果表明,由于Zn,Nb对Ti的B位取代增大了B-O八面体的倾斜角,从而导致随着Ca(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3含量从0.2增加至0.8,介电常数从109减小为49,Q×f值从8340GHz增至13200GHz,频率温度稳定系数由321ppm/℃降为-18ppm/℃。在x=0.7时获得ε_1≈56,Q×f≈11500GHz,τ_f≈-5ppm/℃的最佳性能。     

2-羟基-3-甲基-3-丁烯腈的合成

通过甲醛与丙醛在盐酸二乙胺催化下缩合合成了 2 甲基丙烯醛 ,收率为 98%。反应操作分两阶段进行 ,第一阶段反应的pH值为 7,温度为 45℃ ;第二阶段反应在沸腾状态下进行 ,通过蒸馏得到产品。催化剂重复使用 4次对反应收率无显著影响。 2 甲基丙烯醛与氰化钠、盐酸在强烈搅拌 ,反应温度≤ 5℃下反应得 2 羟基 3 甲基 3 丁烯腈 ,收率 92 %。产品结构用1H NMR进行了确定。