基于分布式光纤温度传感技术的库水温度测量方法及应用

详细介绍基于分布式光纤温度传感技术的库水温度测量系统与测量方法。结合思安江水库工程,提出测温光纤布置方案与布设工艺。在周边缝与19号和15号面板共布置1 044.7m传感光纤,采用分布式光纤温度测量系统对思安江水库不同时期与不同水位的库水温度进行测量,并分析测量数据。结果表明:库水温度曲线可分为快速下降、缓慢下降和稳定不变3个阶段,在距水面60 m以下库水温度保持在11℃左右。最后,对该测量方法进行讨论,论证了该方法的可行性与可靠性。     

基于分布式光纤测温的特高拱坝温控预报研究

针对溪洛渡水电站特高拱坝混凝土通仓浇筑时温度控制特点,建立了一套温度控制预警系统,其功能包括分布式光纤测温和温度控制预报。在该拱坝典型坝段埋设了光纤对混凝土温度实时在线监测,并首次在现场安置监测房,实现近距离永久观测。基于光纤测温成果,采用遗传算法反演混凝土热学特性参数,结论认为:反演获得的热学参数能够更真实地反映大坝混凝土的热学特性,可用于混凝土施工温控预报;在此基础上建立的温度控制预警系统达到了超前温度预报的目的,可将最高温度控制在允许范围内,同时为后期开裂风险预报奠定了基础。     

分布式光纤测温远程控制在溪洛渡大坝中的应用

当采用多台分布式光纤测温主机对混凝土坝多坝段进行实时在线温度监测时,若人工提取测温主机的监测数据,势必削弱分布式光纤测温主机在线测温和实时监测的优势。对多坝段、多台分布式光纤测温主机远程控制系统进行了研究,结合建设中的溪洛渡特高拱坝,采用VB开发平台上的Winsock和Timer控件,将3台测温主机与服务器连接起来构成小型局域网,初步实现了分布式光纤测温远程控制。工程实践表明,该系统可以满足在测温过程中数据的实时采集及监控,为混凝土坝温度的光纤实时在线监测提供了有利的技术保证。     

基于分布式光纤监测3m厚混凝土浇筑仓垂直向温度分布可行性探讨

基于分布式光纤测温系统对布置两层冷却水管的3m厚混凝土浇筑仓垂直向温度分布进行了现场试验.分布式光纤测温系统的空间分辨率设置为0.5 m,采样间隔设置为0.15 m.试验表明,分布式光纤测温系统测温效果良好,可以捕捉到3m厚混凝土浇筑仓的两层冷却水管的位置,但难以合理反映3m厚浇筑仓的垂直向温度分布,分布式光纤测温系统...     

贵阳红枫湖水质污染的遥感研究

利用CBERS—01的CCD数据和准同步地面监测数据,结合水体组分的光谱特征,对红枫湖水体有机污染和总氮、磷的遥感进行分析。将结论用于红枫湖水体,所得结果较客观地反映了有机污染和总氮、磷的分布趋势,揭示CBERS—01的CCD数据进行湖泊水体水质动态地监测水质污染的空间分布规律,具有快速、正确、省时省力及信息综合能力强等特点,可提供形象真实的水质分布信息。     

分布式光纤传感监测三峡大坝混凝土温度场试验研究

以光纤分布式测温系统为手段，研究了三峡工程左厂14坝段浇筑过程中混凝土水化热的释放过程。结果表明，高程为140.56m的仓面，混凝土浇筑后3d，坝块内部上游面温度和中心点温度达到最高值，分别为34.75℃和26.85℃；坝块内部下游面温度达到最高值是混凝土浇筑后5d，为30.4℃；22～28d，坝块内部温度逐渐下降并趋于稳。     

分布式光纤传感监测技术研究

如何监测大坝混凝土结构的随机裂缝 ,常规仪器显得无能为力。近几年来 ,作者及其课题组开展了一系列室内实验和现场试验 ,提出了随机裂缝监测的分布式光纤传感技术 ,通过对这一方法进行评述 ,然后结合沙牌RCC拱坝二维模型实验 ,介绍作者在这方面的部分研究成果     

设有调蓄池的雨水管道设计计算探讨

以实际工程为例,结合雨水管道设计的推理法和雨水调蓄池的计算理论,比较了在雨水管道上设置调蓄池与不设调蓄池的雨水管道计算方案,结果表明,在雨水管道上设置调蓄池,可以提高系统的雨水调蓄功能,减小下游管道的断面,降低管道的造价和施工难度。并对设置调蓄池的雨水管道在设计、施工、运行管理中应注意的问题进行探讨。     

Test of the efficiency of three storm water quality models with a rich set of data.

The objective of this article is to test the efficiency of three different Storm Water Quality Model (SWQM) on the same data set (34 rain events, SS measurements) sampled on a 42 ha watershed in the center of Paris. The models have been calibrated at the scale of the rain event. Considering the mass of pollution calculated per event, the results on the models are satisfactory but that they are in the same order of magnitude as the simple hydraulic approach associated to a constant concentration. In a second time, the mass of pollutant at the outlet of the catchment at the global scale of the 34 events has been calculated. This approach shows that the simple hydraulic calculations gives better results than SWQM. Finally, the pollutographs are analysed, showing that storm water quality models are interesting tools to represent the shape of the pollutographs, and the dynamics of the phenomenon which can be useful in some projects for managers.     

黑河分水后额济纳绿洲天然植被覆盖变化遥感监测

以1987、2000和2009年3个时期的遥感影像为数据源,辅以野外实地调查,据土壤调节植被指数,分析了黑河分水前13年(1987-2000年)至分水后9年(2000-2009年)的额济纳绿洲天然植被覆盖的动态变化及其变化的动力机制。结果表明:1987-2000年,绿洲植被一直处于严重退化状态,植被生态系统结构、功能趋向简单,生态系统恶化严重;2000-2009年,绿洲植被退化速度得到明显的遏制,局部地区还出现好转,绿洲植被恢复明显。导致以上植被覆盖变化的直接原因是地下水位的变化;人类活动是植被覆盖变化的一个重要因素,它对植被覆盖的影响有正向、逆向2个方面;全球气候变化对植被覆盖变化亦有一定的负面影响。     

引黄供水中的两水分供与计费探讨

随着黄河区域工农业生产的发展和人民生活的改善,黄河水资源的供需矛盾日益突出。在担负农业用水和非农业供水的同一渠系内实行“两水分供、两费分计”是以河养河的重要举措,对水资源的优化配置、节约和高效利用黄河水,增加供水单位效益,促进人与黄河和谐相处均具有十分重要的意义。     

Inefficiency of storm water inlets as a source of urban floods.

The paper attempts to explain sources of surplus storm water runoff in urban areas, particularly in relation with functioning of inlets. Inlet capacity (quantity of captured water) and inlet efficiency (portion of the approaching flow rate) have been defined and their relationship with relevant parameters (approaching flow, longitudinal and lateral street slopes) was established through laboratory measurements. Effects of clogging of inlets on inlet capacity were also investigated in laboratory conditions. As a consequence of decreased inlet efficiency, there is a portion of approaching flow that is not captured by the inlet (pass-over flow). If the pass-over flow is considered along a street having numerous inlets, it is easy to estimate the quantity of flow that would accumulate on the pavement. Inlet inefficiency can be significant when overestimation of inlet capacity results in increased distance between consecutive inlets, and when clogging of grates or inadequate placing of inlets causes significant decrease in inlet capacity.     

北运河雨洪利用分析

北京水资源严重紧缺,雨洪利用是减轻北京城市汛期防洪压力、缓解北京水资源紧缺的重要措施.北运河是北京唯一一条常年有水而且水量极为丰沛的河道,每年有大量的雨洪未能有效利用.探讨在确保城市防洪安全的前提下,充分利用雨水资源,创造优美的水环境.     

奥林匹克公园地区雨水系统研究

为保障第29届奥林匹克运动会在北京顺利举行,对奥林匹克公园地区的雨水系统组成进行分析,建立基于ArcGIS平台的雨水系统GeoDateBase数据库,构建雨水径流、雨水管网、河道系统、地面二维漫流的耦合模型,选择理论和实际降雨雨型,进行不同重现期情景的模拟,对雨水系统设计进行校核,对超标降雨进行风险分析,并提出防洪应对措施与建议。     

三湾泄洪闸混凝土施工温度监测及温控评价

施工期发现三湾水利枢纽闸墩混凝土存在裂缝,部分裂缝贯穿整个闸墩.通过对埋设于闸墩的大量温度计监测成果的整理分析,研究了三湾泄洪闸闸墩施工期各部位温度变化过程与变化特点,并与设计温控指标进行了对比,分析成果可为研究闸墩施工期裂缝成因提供帮助.     

城市暴雨管理模型应用研究进展

回顾了城市暴雨管理模型SWMM的发展过程,着重分析了模型开发关注的重点问题:子流域划分尺度、模型参数的选取和设定、参数不确定性及灵敏度分析、参数的率定、模型结构的不确定性分析、模型开发与耦合等,对模型在水文过程模拟、水动力过程模拟、水质过程模拟3个方面的应用进行了评述,并对模型未来的优化应用和开发提出了建议和展望。     

Treatment performance of a constructed wetland during storm and non-storm events in Korea

The efficiency of a free water surface flow constructed wetland (CW) in treating agricultural discharges from stream was investigated during storm and non-storm events between April and December, 2009. Physico-chemical and water quality constituents were monitored at five sampling locations along the flow path of the CW. The greatest reduction in pollutant concentration was observed after passing the sedimentation zone at approximately 4% fractional distance from the inflow. The inflow hydraulic loading, flow rates and pollutant concentrations were significantly higher and variable during storm events than non-storm (baseflow) condition (p <0.001) that resulted to an increase in the average pollutant removal efficiencies by 10 to 35%. The highest removal percentages were attained for phosphate (51 ± 22%), ammonium (44 ± 21%) and phosphorus (38 ± 19%) while nitrate was least effectively retained by the system with only 25 ± 17% removal during non-storm events. The efficiency of the system was most favorable when the temperature was above 15 °C (i.e., almost year-round except the winter months) and during storm events. Overall, the outflow water quality was better than the inflow water quality signifying the potential of the constructed wetland as a treatment system and capability of improving the stream water quality.     

Cost effectiveness of centralised and decentralised storm water treatment

As part of a research & development project commissioned by the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia's Ministry for the Environment and Nature Conservation, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (MUNLV) an examination is being carried out of the general possibilities for centralised and decentralised treatment storm water runoff to be discharged into (canalised) receiving waters and the costs ensuing from this. The examination of the different options is being carried out under real conditions, with the Briller Creek (Wuppertal/Germany) and Müggen Creek (Remscheid/Germany) catchment areas being used as models. The range of investigations deals with a comparison between 'decentralised, semicentralised, centralised' storm water treatment, centralised storm water treatment involving a separate sewer and parameter-specific pollution based storm water runoff control. In the framework of the research project each of the variants is to be elaborated and the costs are to be calculated so as to permit a comparison between the different system designs. In particular, the investigations are to take into account the actual requirements to be met by storm water drainage systems involving separate sewage systems.     

暴雨衰减指数为函数型的暴雨强度公式确定方法

暴雨强度公式是城镇排水工程设计的基本依据之一。为提高暴雨衰减指数随重现期显著变化时暴雨强度公式的拟合精度,结合实例研究了采用麦夸尔特法确定衰减指数为函数型的五参数暴雨强度公式的方法。计算结果表明,五参数暴雨强度公式能显著提高拟合精度,由该公式计算的残差平方和及各重现期的绝对均方差(即标准差)均明显小于四参数公式的计算结果,其各重现期的绝对均方差均小于0.05mm/min。该方法能有效降低重现期较小与较大时的绝对均方差。此外,给出了麦夸尔特法的计算程序框图,为编写计算程序代码奠定基础。     

怀柔区雨水资源化与城镇排涝统筹管理研究

2012年7月21日,怀柔区遭遇到罕见的强降雨,城镇排涝系统建设和管理中的很多缺陷逐渐暴露出来。通过调查和研究,提出结论和建议:(1)应大力推进雨水就地资源化,控制城区积涝的源头;(2)应将雨水和地表水、地下水、中水纳入水资源统筹管理体系,同时在汛期将各类涉水工程设施统筹管理,共同为城镇排涝工作服务;(3)建议在新城规划建设中,建立并完善雨水资源化工程体系,实现区域水资源总量和地下水资源量的平衡。希望本研究能对中小城市和小城镇基础设施建设起到积极的作用。