基于时间触发模式的电子控制系统设计

电子控制系统运行的任务绝大多数是周期性任务,因此,采用时间触发模式进行设计具有合理性.本文详细介绍了时间触发合作式调度器的机制,并与抢占式设计调度器进行了比较;给出了一个使用时间触发模式开发太阳跟踪器的设计实例.     

混联式混合动力汽车电子节气门系统研究

混合动力汽车(HEV)对发动机的控制提出了新的要求,针对问题,提出了以电子节气门系统精确控制发动机的进气量,量化输出转矩的方案.在分析一种混联式混合动力汽车整体结构、电子节气门的工作原理、结构以及主要的非线性影响因素基础上,将电子节气门控制系统与主控制器集成,并建立了基于滑模控制的仿真模型.仿真与试验测试结果表明,所研究的电子节气门控制系统能迅速获得预期节气门开度,很好地执行主控制器发出的控制指令,并且响应速度快,稳定性好,满足了混合动力汽车对发动机的控制要求.     

汽车车身电子控制器设计的平台化实现

为了有效地解决汽车车身电子控制器设计通用性弱、开发周期长等难题,从系统架构上,结合模块模型化设计理念,提出了一种车身电子控制器的平台化实现方案。平台采用32位面向汽车电子应用领域的V850处理器作为硬件控制核心,以符合OSEK/VDX规范的软件控制结构实现控制策略。利用该平台设计方案为国内某自主品牌汽车开发了一套满足客户实际需求的车身电子控制器,经过各项测试表明控制器性能优越,工作稳定。同时,平台化实现大大缩短了控制器系统开发周期,降低了开发成本。     

基于FPGA汽车电控单元模糊控制器的设计

介绍了一种基于FPGA的汽车电子控制单元(ECU)二维模糊控制器的实现方法,给出了设计流程、模块的描述和仿真结果;汽车ECU上用传统的控制器不能实现参数的自动调整,具有局限性,而模糊控制集灵活性与鲁棒性为一体,发挥了传统控制与模糊控制的长处;二维模糊控制器以误差和误差变化率为输入,利用模糊推理的方法实现了参数的自动调整,经在MATLAB和QuartusII环境下仿真和验证,结果表明,模糊控制器控制效果优于传统的控制器,提高了汽车ECU的动、静态性能,具有实用价值.     

汽车电子助力转向的模糊PD控制器设计

本文针对汽车助力转向环境的非线性、参数时变性和模型不确定性的情况，考虑PD控制器不能在线进行参数自整定的问题，基于模糊控制技术，提出了一种模糊自整定PD参数的汽车电子助力转向系统的控制方法与控制策略。该方法采用DSP为核心，利用模糊控制规则在线调整PD控制器的参数。运用MATLAB进行仿真的结果表明模糊PD控制器既具有PD控制器高精度的优点，又具有模糊控制器适应性强的特点,能保证有更小的超调、鲁棒性强、更短的调整时间及更好的动、静态特性，在汽车电子助力转向领域具有较高的推广应用价值。     

基于CCP协议利用CANape进行电控单元标定

采用基于CAN总线的匹配标定协议,对汽车控制器局域网络中的电子控制单元进行匹配标定。分析了CCP协议用于标定的工作机理,讨论了利用CANape进行基于CCP标定的实现方法,阐述了如何生成CANape与控制器底层程序的软件接口及具体标定流程。实际应用结果表明,这种方法可以快速有效地实现对汽车网络中各控制器的匹配标定。     

基于backstepping方法的电子节气门控制

针对汽车电子节气门的跟踪控制要求,建立了面向控制器设计的非线性模型.采用输入整形(input-shaping)技术对跟踪输入信号进行滤波,应用backstepping方法设计了电子节气门的非线性控制器.将建模误差等不确定性看做加性外部扰动,分析了跟踪误差系统的输入到状态稳定性(input-to-state-stability,ISS),并据此给出了选择控制器参数的指导性准则.仿真实验表明基于backstepping的控制方法能够很好的实现电子节气门的跟踪控制.     

基于OSEK的燃料电池客车控制器的研究

本文成功地将符合OSEK/VDX标准的嵌入式实时操作系统OSEK Turbo OS应用到燃料电池城市客车整车控制器中.将控制程序划分为合理的任务后,通过引入实时操作系统,采用基于优先级的抢占式调度方式构建控制软件系统.不但提高了软件的执行效率,保证了控制器的实时性要求,也提高了控制软件的开发效率.在该实时操作系统的基础上.成功地实现了对整车运行的管理与控制、基于CAN总线的各部件节点的协调控制、故障诊断和处理及数据监控记录等功能.顺利完成了燃料电池城市客车整车控制器的开发.     

飞思卡尔与一汽合作推动中国下一代汽车电子技术发展

<正>飞思卡尔与一汽的合作旨在促进研发能力和新产品技术提升2012年4月18日,飞思卡尔半导体公司(NYSE:FSL)宣布与中国第一汽车股份有限公司(一汽,FAW)结为合作伙伴,同时宣布成立一汽-飞思卡尔汽车电子联合实验室。这一联合实验室建立在一汽技术中心,将专注于新技术研发,涉及汽车电子各领域,侧重于动力总成控制、底盘控制、主动安全及新能源电子控制领域。一汽将在其     

汽车CAN总线控制器的设计

汽车CAN(Control Area Networks)总线控制器是汽车电子控制系统中的核心通信部件,它使得汽车中各个离散的数字设备之间能够进行通信。本文阐述了使用现代数字系统设计思想对CAN控制器进行分析和设计的过程,并对设计中体现出的IP(Intellectual Property知识产权)复用的思想进行了总结。     

Structural Properties,LQG Control and Scheduling of a Networked Control System with Bandwidth Limitations and Transmission Delays

The problem of simultaneous LQG control and scheduling of a Networked Control System (NCS) with constant network induced delays at input and output and bandwidth limitations is investigated. Delays are considered at plant as well as controller side. Sufficient conditions for controllability, stabilizability, reconstructibility and detectability of the underlying networked control system are drawn. The proposed conditions extend previous works on structural properties of NCS by capturing both plant and controller side delays together with bandwidth limitations. A framework for computing the optimal LQG controller for the NCS with a fixed scheduling is provided. The proposed modeling approach facilitates use of LQG as well as other control methods for NCSs with delays and bandwidth limitations. In order to optimize performance, a semi-online scheduling procedure is proposed based on an offline look up table. The look up table assigns an optimal schedule with associated optimal LQG controller to initial conditions. The proposed scheme improves previous results by online deployment of schedule and LQG control with stability guarantees and very low computational overhead. A simulation example with communication delays, packet losses and bandwidth limitations in both sensor and actuator sides is included. Static optimal periodic communication sequence, Optimal Pointer Placement (OPP) approach proposed in previous works, a random access scheduling method representing contention based access policies and the proposed method are simulated and compared.      

Real-time control of a water-gas shift reactor by a model-based fuzzy gain scheduling technique

A model-based fuzzy gain scheduling technique is proposed. Fuzzy gain scheduling is a form of variable gain scheduling which involves implementing several linear controllers over a partitioned process space. A higher-level rule-based controller determines which local controller is executed. Unlike conventional gain scheduling, a controller with fuzzy gain scheduling uses fuzzy logic to dynamically interpolate controller parameters near region boundaries based on known local controller parameters. Model-based fuzzy gain scheduling (MFGS) was applied to PID controllers to control a laboratory-scale water-gas shift reactor. The experimental results were compared with those obtained by PID with standard fuzzy gain scheduling, PID with conventional gain scheduling, simple PID and a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) strategy. The MFGS technique performed comparably to the NMPC method. It exhibited excellent control behaviour over the desired operating space, which spanned a wide temperature range. The other three PID-based techniques were adequate only within a limited range of the same operating space. Due to the simple algorithm involved, the MFGS technique provides a low cost alternative to other computationally intensive control algorithms such as NMPC.     

AUTOSAR可运行实体-任务自动映射方法研究

下一代汽车电子标准AUTOSAR定义汽车应用程序设计过程包括系统级设计和ECU级设计。系统级设计以软件构件为单位来设计应用,其中软件构件包含一组可运行实体。ECU级设计主要将可运行实体代码组织为嵌入式实时操作系统任务。因此,在将分配到ECU的软件构件集转换为实时系统任务集的过程中,需要有经验的嵌入式开发工程师进行可运行实体-任务的映射配置,以保证系统的实时性。鉴于可运行实体-任务的映射配置工作具有配置需求量大、复杂度高等特点,文中设计了一种可运行实体-任务自动映射方法。该方法综合考虑了可运行实体的触发关系、周期需求、数据共享等因素,对提高汽车软件开发效率具有非常重要的实用价值。最后,将该方法应用于AUTOSAR标准的汽车电子巡航控制系统实例中。实验结果显示,所提方法在抖动时间、阻塞时间、调度频繁度和数据通信量4个方面都具有良好的表现。     

基于纳什均衡的AUTOSAR任务到多核ECU的映射方法

随着汽车电子应用程序对处理器性能需求的不断提高,现代汽车电子系统中的电子控制单元(ECU)已升级为多核结构。多核ECU中的AUTOSAR应用程序的设计、实现和集成将面临新的挑战。其中一个重要的挑战是在映射任务到多核ECU的同时确保系统的实时性能。且在AUTOSAR静态配置过程中,实时系统的资源限制和调度分析使问题变得更加复杂。因此,文中提出了一种基于纳什均衡的AUTOSAR任务到多核ECU的映射方法。该方法将任务优先级应用于博弈过程中,对提高任务映射过程的效率具有非常重要的实用价值。最后,将所提方法应用于AUTOSAR标准的实例中。实验结果表明,所提方法在减少各个任务中可运行实体的最坏响应时间方面具有良好的表现。     

基于MLX90316客车雨刮角度传感器的研究

本文针对双电机雨刮控制器,并基于汽车电子技术对车载系统的应用,以Melexis公司的MLX90316为主要芯片,设计并制作了一种汽车雨刮角度传感器,以其制作成本低、安装便捷等特点,具有较好的市场前景。     

Gain scheduling control of nonlinear systems based on approximate input-output linearization

The gain scheduling control mostly has been developed based on Jacobian linearization around the operating points related with scheduling variables. In this paper, We introduce a gain scheduling control method based on approximate input-output linearization. First, the nonlinear system is approximately input-output linearized via a diffeomorphism. Then, a gain scheduling controller with derivative information is developed. The proposed controller consists of two parts. The outer loop controller is like a feedback linearizing controller and the internal controller is a gain scheduling controller. It is shown that the overall resulting controller has a simple structure and at the same time achieves better tracking performance over the existing Jacobian-based gain scheduling controller.     

基于RTOS的无人机发动机数控系统软件设计

针对某无人机发动机数控硬件系统,采用嵌入式实时操作系统VxWorks进行系统软件设计;首先介绍电子控制器硬件体系结构,然后根据发动机控制任务需求,进行任务模块划分,设计系统各任务在VxWorks中的调度管理方法以及各模块软件;系统设计完毕,在试车台上进行发动机数控试车验证,试验结果表明,所设计的控制软件与电子控制器配合良好,能实现发动机的电子控制要求。     

A model-based gain scheduling approach for controlling the common-rail system for GDI engines

The progressive reduction in vehicle emission requirements have forced the automotive industry to invest in research for developing alternative and more efficient control strategies. All control features and resources are permanently active in an electronic control unit (ECU), ensuring the best performance with respect to emissions, fuel economy, driveability and diagnostics, independently from engine working point. In this article, a considerable step forward has been achieved by the common-rail technology which has made possible to vary the injection pressure over the entire engine speed range. As a consequence, the injection of a fixed amount of fuel is more precise and multiple injections in a combustion cycle can be made. In this article, a novel gain scheduling pressure controller for gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine is designed to stabilise the mean fuel pressure into the rail and to track demanded pressure trajectories. By exploiting a simple control-oriented model describing the mean pressure dynamics in the rail, the control structure turns to be simple enough to be effectively implemented in commercial ECUs. Experimental results in a wide range of operating points confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control method to tame efficiently the mean value pressure dynamics of the plant showing a good accuracy and robustness with respect to unavoidable parameters uncertainties, unmodelled dynamics, and hidden coupling terms.     

Protocol sequence and control co‐design for a collection of networked control systems

This paper is concerned with the simultaneous stabilization of a collection of plants shared by the wireless network with capacity limitation. We use most regular binary sequences (MRBS) to control the medium access status of the plants. The design procedure of the scheduling policy translates to determine two parameters of the MRBS. With the MRBS protocol, each plant is essentially a sampled‐data control system with time varying sampling intervals. We derive a sufficient condition for determining the MRBS protocol that guarantees the controllability, observability, and stability of each plant. Most importantly, we give a methodology for MRBS protocol and controller co‐design, in which the controller has switching gains that are piecewise constant and dependent on the sampling intervals yielded by the MRBS. The main results are established using piecewise Lyapunov functional and the average dwell time technique. It is shown that the method can guarantee simultaneous stabilization of the collection of plants robustly in situations where the controller gain does not match the sampling interval or the sampling interval violates the maximum allowable transmission interval criteria. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the co‐design method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.