旋转螺旋管道内粘性流动

首先根据张量分析推导出旋转螺旋坐标系下流体的相对运动方程，采用摄动方法求解了圆截面旋转螺旋管道内的粘性流动，得到二阶摄动解；研究了在曲率、挠率和旋转共同作用下的流体运动的特性；结果表明：旋转螺旋管道与不旋转螺旋管道内的二次流动以及轴向速度的分布存在明显的差别，在圆截面上最多可存在上下不对称的四个涡，轴向速度最大值所在的位置与挠率和科氏力(Coriolis force)与离心力(Centrifugal force)之比有关。     

PERTURBATION SOLUTION OF SECONDARY FLOW OF POWER-LAW FLUID IN HELICAL PIPES WITH CIRCULAR CROSS-SECTION

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｆｌｏｗｉｎｈｅｌｉｃａｌｐｉｐｅｓｉｓｖｅｒｙｃｏｍｐｌｅｘａｎｄｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｉｎｂｏｔｈｔｈｅｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙａｎｄｔｈｅｐｅｔｒｏｌｅｕｍｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ .ＡｌｏｔｏｆｗｏｒｋｈａｓｂｅｅｎｄｏｎｅｂｙＭｕｒａｔａｅｔａｌ.[1] ,Ｗａｎｇ[2 ] ,Ｇｅｒｍａｎｏ[3 ,4 ] ,Ｋａｏ[5] ,Ｔｕｔｔｌｅ[6] ,ａｎｄＬｉｕ[7] .ＢｕｔｔｈｅｙｏｎｌｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｔｈｅＮｅｗｔｏｎｉａｎｆｌｕｉｄｉｎｈｅｌｉｃａｌｐｉｐｅｓ .Ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｎｏ…     

水平管内螺旋流涡特性数值模拟

螺旋流是工程上常见的流动现象,具有增强湍流度、促进传热传质和提高对颗粒的携带能力等特性。该文采用雷诺应力湍流模型(RSM)对水平管内由短螺旋扭带起旋的螺旋流流动特性进行了数值模拟研究,通过激光多普勒测速仪(LDV)测速实验验证了数学模型的准确性和可靠性。结果表明,水平管内螺旋涡首先在扭带吸力面形成,且形成初期,涡量的大小受主涡影响较大,二次涡形成后,涡量大小主要受二次涡影响。在形成过程中二次涡增强了壁面附近的速度脉动,能够有效地增加介质的掺混。此外,由于二次螺旋涡的存在,使水平径向压力梯度增加,靠近壁面处的轴向速度减小,近壁处切向速度值增大1倍,且径向速度在螺旋流中不可忽略。     

Numerical investigation of flow and heat transfer performances of horizontal spiral-coil pipes

The flow and heat transfer performances of horizontal spiral-coil pipes of circular and elliptical cross-sections are studied.The numerical results are compared with the experimental data,to verify the numerical method.The effects of the inlet water mass flow rate,the structural parameters,the helical pitch and the radius ratio on the heat transfer performances are investigated.Performances of the secondary fluid flow with different radius ratios are also investigated.Numerical results demonstrate that the heat transfer coefficient and the Nusselt number increase with the increase of the water mass flow rate or the helical pitch.The maximum heat transfer coefficient and the maximum Nusselt number are obtained when the radius ratio is equal to 1.00.In addition,the fluid particle moves spirally along the pipe and the velocity changes periodically.The particle flow intensity and the spiral movement frequency decrease significantly with the increase of the radius ratio.Besides,the secondary flow profile in the horizontal spiral-coil pipe contains two oppositely rotating eddies,and the eddy intensity decreases significantly along the pipe owing to the change of curvature.The decreasing tendency of the eddy intensity along the pipe increases with the increase of the radius ratio.     

THE FLOW IN ROTATING CURVED CIRCULAR PIPE

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｏｆｔｈｅｆｌｕｉｄｉｎａｒｏｔａｔｉｎｇｃｕｒｖｅｄｐｉｐｅｉｓａｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌａｎｄｍｕｃｈ ｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ .Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｍａｎｙｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｉｓｒｏｔａｔｉｎｇｓｙｓｔｅｍ ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｇａｓｔｕｒ ｂｉｎｅｓ ,ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｇｅｎｅｒａｔｏｒｓａｎｄｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｍｏｔｏｒｓ.Ｔｈｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｃａｎａｌｓｏｂｅｆｏｕｎｄｉｎｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ.Ｉｔｉｓ…     

A STUDY ON THE FLOW IN HELICAL ELLIPTICAL PIPES WITH GALERKIN METHOD

1. INTRODUCTIONSince the initial work by Dean[1 ,2],the flowand heat transfer through curvilinear pipes have at-tracted more and more attention not only becauseof their practical i mportance in various industrialapplications ,but also because of physicall…     

FLUID FLOW IN ROTATING HELICAL SQUARE DUCTS

1 .　INTRODUCTIONTherotatinghelicalsquareducthasextensive lyapplicationsinengineeringforenhancingtheratesofheatandmasstransfer ,suchascoolingsystemsforconductorsofelectric generatormo tors ,gasturbines ,separation processes .Becauseoftherotation ,theCoriolisforcecanalsocontrib utetothe generationofsecondaryflow ,whichcomplicatestheflowcharacteristics .To gethighperformanceofthesedevices,itisimportanttofindouttheflowcharacteristicsinrotatinghelicalsquareducts .Duetothecomplexityoftheproble…     

FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER OF OLDROYD-B FLUIDS IN A ROTATING CURVED PIPE

The flow and convected heat transfer of the Oldroyd-B fluids in a rotating curved pipe with circular cross-section were investigated by employing a perturbation method. A perturbation solution up to the second order was obtained for a small curvature ratio, κ. The variations of axial velocity distribution and secondary flow structure with F, Re and We were discussed in detail in order to investigate the combined effects of the three parameters on flow structure. The combined effects of the Coriolis force, inertia force and elastic force on the temperature distribution were also analyzed, which are greater than the adding independent effects of the three forces. The variations of the flow rate and Nusselt number with the rotation, inertia and elasticity were examined as well. The results show the characteristics of the heat and mass transfer of the Oldroyd-B fluids in a rotating curved pipe.     

The experiment and analysis of transitional flow in pipe

The transitional flow in a pipe is important for delivery, but its characteristics remain to be explored. In this paper, the two-dimensional laser Doppler velocimetry(LDV) is used for the study, focusing on the attenuation characteristics of the axial velocity, the variation of the velocity gradient, the effect of the angle between the axis and the resultant velocity vector, and the relationship between the energy coefficient and the flow state. The attenuation characteristics of the axial velocity along the radial direction are obtained. It is shown that with the increase of the Reynolds number, the change rate of the velocity gradient slows down with a similar distribution, and a rapid decrease is seen in the near wall region. The amplitude and the frequency of the angular variation are obviously improved with the increase of the Reynolds number. The instability of the velocity field is enhanced with the increase of the energy coefficient.     

LAMINAR FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER IN THE DEVELOPING REGION OF HELICAL SQUARE DUCTS

Simultaneous development of the laminar flow and heat transfer in helical square ducts was numerically studied. The governing equations were written in an orthogonal helical coordinate system and fully parabolized in the axial direction. Results were found out over a wide range of the governing parameters. Two axial velocity entries were taken into account. The development of secondary flow, axial velocity and temperature distribution for the large Dean number were examined in detail and the effects of different governing parameters on the friction factor and the Nusselt number were annlyzee. Many new and interesting conclusions were reached. The present results reveal the nature of fluid flow and heat transfer in the developing region of helical square ducts.     

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FLUID FLOW IN A ROTATING CURVED ELLIPTICAL PIPE

A numerical study was conducted for the fully developed laminar flow in rotating curved elliptical pipe. Due to the rotation, the Coriolis force can also contribute to the secondary flow. The interaction of rotation and curvature complicates the flow characteristics. The boundary fitted coordinate was adopted to study the flow characteristic in the rotating systems. The effects of rotation on the flow transition were studied in detail. The generation and mergence of vortices in rotating curved elliptical pipes were also captured for the first time. The simulation results show that the flow for the case of large aspect ratio of the cross-section is more likely to be unstable than that for smaller one.     

掺气水射流的空化及其应用

基于两相流体动力学的理论，建立空蚀射流切割装置中短管内的压力变化梯度的基本方程式；通过求解不同流速与不同掺气量时的短管内压力变化结果，分析了初始掺气率和水流流速对短管内压力坡降的影响；为增高水射流的切割效率提供理论依据；研究表明，若水流马赫数接近于1，短管内将产生巨大的压降，促使出口水流产生空化，通过利用高速水流并控制吸入适量空气，形成的空蚀流可提高水射流的切割效率。     

STEADY ENTRANCE FLOW IN A STRAIGHT CIRCULAR PIPE WITH SLOWLY VARYING CROSS SECTION

1.INTRODUCTIONItiswellknownthatmanyvasculardiseasesarecloselyrelatedtothebloodflowinves-sels[1-3j.Thebloodflowthroughthearterieswithvaryingcrosssectionhasheldthein-terestsofmanyinvestigatorsforalongtimeL4-6j.Inthepreviousstudies,thebloodf1owinarterieswas,however,assumedtobefullydeveloped.Sincestenosesfrequentlydevelopatsitesneartheoriginofbranches[2-3j,whichareintheentranceregion,itisimportanttostudytheentranceflowinaconverging-divergingpipe,whichisamodelofentrancestenosis-Manyinvestigat…     

3-D NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF FLOW LOSS IN HELICAL CHANNEL

The flow loss of a helical channel Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) thruster without MHD effect was numerically studied with 3-D simulations,and a flow loss coefficient was defined to quantify the flow loss and its influencing factors were studied.The results show that decreases in a first-order exponential manner with the pitch of a helical wall and the Reynolds number,and it declines slowly when and,a flow guide makes the flow more smooth and uniform,especially in the flow guide and helical wall sub-regions and thus reduces the flow loss greatly,by about 30% with the averaged value of from 0.0385 to 0.027,a rectifier weakens the helical flow and strengthens the axial one in the rectifier and outlet sub-regions,thus reduces the rotational kinetic pressure with the averaged value of declining about 4% from 0.0385 to 0.037,and decreases with a rectifier’s axial length when.     

超低水头水轮机动静干涉效应的数值模拟研究

采用RNG k-ε湍流模型对一可用于小水电、越浪式波浪能发电的单级超低水头水轮机进行了全流道三维非定常流动计算,应用滑移网格技术考察了动静干涉效应。通过数值模拟计算,分析比较了不同流量下水轮机压力、轴向速度的脉动特性,以及轴向水推力、力矩的变化规律。结果表明：水轮机内流场周期性脉动明显,该周期性脉动主要由静叶尾迹与动叶间的干扰所引起,脉动频率以叶片通过频率为主;随着流量（水头）的增加,无叶区压力、轴向速度的波动幅值均逐渐增大。     

水击流固耦合的判断准则探索

水击理论在进行水击计算时忽略管道结构的动态特性对水击压力的影响。这种忽略对于受很大约束的管道系统的水击计算是可行。但对于实际应用中最大量使用的弱约束管道系统，管道结构的运动和变形可能会对水击压力产生很大的影响。根据管道结构的运动和变形对水击压力的影响进行了研究，阐明了管道有压流系统中流体-结构相互作用的机理，论述了摩擦耦合、泊板耦合，接合部耦合和泊松接合部耦合4种形式，通过典型算例分别研究了管道的轴向运动、弯曲和扭转对水击压力的影响。发现轴向运动对水击压力的影响最大，而管道的弯曲和扭转对水击压力的影响较小。     

3-D numerical investigation of the wall-bounded concentric annulus flow around a cylindrical body with a special array of cylinders

Concentric annulus flow around a combinational cylindrical body with a special array of cylinders at five high Reynolds numbers is investigated numerically using Fluent 6.3.26 in this paper. The numerical results show a good agreement with the experimental data in regard to the axial velocity of the flow. This study focuses on the flow structure and the hydrodynamic characteristics based on the velocity distribution, the pressure distribution, streamlines and vectors under 1-D, 2-D and 3-D conditions. Meanwhile, some global parameters including the pressure coefficient, the drag coefficient and the lift coefficient are analyzed. Numerical results show that the high velocity region and the reverse wake zone with low velocity exist in some spaces due to the disturbance of the cylindrical body. Negative pressures appear in some regions. Neither a wide area vortex nor the vortex shedding appears in the wall-bounded domain. The drag along the axial direction is the main force acting on the cylindrical body in the pipe domain. The annulus flow around the cylindrical body is analyzed to reveal the hydrodynamic characteristics of the complex turbulent concentric annulus flow field due to the multi-effects in the pipeline.     

鹅颈型管道三维水流结构研究

本文通过试验测量了鹅颈型管道水流的三维流速分布（不同层面和断面的纵向、垂向及横向流速分布）与断面压力分布，剖析了鹅颈型管道的三维水流结构，提示出鹅颈型管道边界分离的特点及二次流（弯曲二次流及非圆形断面二次流）的形成机理，提出了鹅颈型管道固有的水流型态，水力特性及概念。     

Couple stress fluid flow in a rotating channel with peristalsis

This article describes a new model for obtaining closed-form semi-analytical solutions of peristaltic flow induced by sinusoidal wave trains propagating with constant speed on the walls of a two-dimensional rotating infinite channel. The channel rotates with a constant angular speed about the z-axis and is filled with couple stress fluid. The governing equations of the channel deformation and the flow rate inside the channel are derived using the lubrication theory approach. The resulting equations are solved, using the homotopy perturbation method(HPM), for exact solutions to the longitudinal velocity distribution, pressure gradient, flow rate due to secondary velocity, and pressure rise per wavelength. The effect of various values of physical parameters, such as, Taylor's number and couple stress parameter, together with some interesting features of peristaltic flow are discussed through graphs. The trapping phenomenon is investigated for different values of parameters under consideration. It is shown that Taylor's number and the couple stress parameter have an increasing effect on the longitudinal velocity distribution till half of the channel, on the flow rate due to secondary velocity, and on the number of closed streamlines circulating the bolus.     

THE STRUCTURAL FLOW IN PIPE CONTAINING POROUS MEDIUM SATURATED WITH POWER-LAW FLUID

In this article,the method of volume averaging of flow in porous media and averaging theorem was employed to the Navier-Stokes equations.The total drag force per unit volume was considered as the bulk damping resistance due to the porous structure(i.e.,the Darcy resistance)and the resistance due to the inertia force(i.e.,the Forchheimer resistance),then the Brinkman-Forchheimer extended Darcy model was obtained from average momentum equation.The structural flow in a pipe containing porous medium saturated with power law fluid was applied in the present study.A new theoretical analysis of fully developed non-Darcy flow in a pipe containing a fibrous medium saturated with power law fluid was conducted.Using the integration method,the boundary layer solutions were obtained for flow core velocity and its radius.These theoretical solutions were used to analyze the effects of the Darcy number and inertia parameter on the axial velocity profile in the porous medium pipe.