含油污水预处理场的运行与技术改进

炼厂含油污水预处理场主要对污水进行除油和降浊处理。对含油污水预处理场工艺流程、射流溶气浮选原理和混凝原理等进行介绍。针对含油污水预处理场运行中存在的水质水量变化冲击系统、机泵缺陷、溶气浮选系统故障等问题,采取了清水、污水的分流改造,溶气罐加装液位开关旁通管、取消释放器等技术措施,并对聚丙烯酰胺和高分子量聚丙烯酸钠的混凝效果进行了对比试验。改造后,含油污水预处理场各工序的完好运行周期大大延长,运行成本下降,操作人员劳动强度降低,污水处理合格率由原来的85％提高到95％以上,具有较好的环保和经济效益。     

浮选技术在含油污水处理中的应用进展

介绍了含油污水处理常用溶气浮选法、叶轮浮选法、射流浮选法和浮选柱,对影响浮选效果的因素进行了分析,根据浮选技术处理含油污水的研究进展状况,预测了其在国内油田含油污水处理中的应用前景。     

叶轮气浮机在含油污水处理中的应用

通过现场中试考察了新型叶轮气浮机的除油和除COD效果,以及用于含油污水处理的可行性.中试试验于2005年11月下旬在炼油事业部污水处理场进行.试验结果表明,叶轮气浮机可以达到与溶气浮选池相近的除油和除COD效果.     

内循环式射流溶气工艺在浮选系统中的应用

传统的加压溶气浮选工艺在实际应用中存在着适应能力差、能耗较高等弊端,而内循环式射流溶气工艺可较好地克服这些弊端,更适于浮选工艺。通过对内循环式射流溶气工艺原理的分析及在实践工作中的应用,总结出内循环系统在应用过程中的操作经验,并通过分析出水水质,进一步验证其在处理含油污水中的良好效果。     

HY-728材料用于处理乳化油型废水效果良好

HY-728材料处理乳化油型废水试验通过了技术鉴定。用这种材料处理乳化油型废水效果良好。这项科研项目是由锦州市化工一厂负责工艺部分,锦州市环境保护科学研究所负责测试部分而完成的。目前,我国对于不含有表面活性剂,油粒径在10微米以上的含油污水采用隔油池、溶气浮选,离心分离等重力分离法和采用絮凝—溶     

含油污水气浮除油技术进展

污水含油直接制约污水生化处理效果,气浮除油是一种广泛采用的方法。比较了不同气浮方法的优缺点,总结了电解气浮、散气气浮、溶气气浮、涡凹气浮,以及聚结+气浮、气浮+磁分离、旋流+气浮组合工艺的除油效果及应用现状,指出了气浮工艺的发展方向。     

GEM溶气浮选系统在丙烷脱氢装置中污水预处理上的应用

介绍了天津渤化石化有限公司丙烷脱氢年产60万吨丙烯装置中GEM溶气浮选系统在污水预处理上的应用,实践证明,利用GEM溶气浮选系统能够有效处理含乳化油的污水,为装置运行提供了保证。     

电动降解处理酸性品红染料废水的研究

以低浓度含铬（IV）废水为处理对象，在实验室特制的溶气浮选柱中考察了溶液pH值、表面活性剂和絮凝剂加入量及浮选时间等因素对浮选处理效果的影响。结果表明，采用溶气浮选技术，在溶液pH值为9，以十二烷基苯磺酸钠为捕收剂，     

溶气浮选法澄清技术简介

溶气浮选法(DAF)是一个从液体中分离固体颗粒的物理/化学过程。在固液分离的澄清技术中,人们较为熟悉的是沉降法,如我厂盐水精制中用于分离钙镁沉淀的澄清桶和地面水预处理澄清池,而对于浑浊水的净化或从液体中分离固体来说,溶气浮选法的效果要比通常的沉降法高得多。目前,溶气浮选澄清器主要用于工业或市政给水的处理以及废水处理和回收资源等方面。     

EDUR泵气浮技术在油田稠油污水处理中的应用

针对油田稠油污水水温高溶气效果差、含油和悬浮物浓度高，油水密度接近等特点，在充分吸收DAF和CAF气浮技术的基础上，首次将EDUR气液多相泵应用于高温含油污水的气浮处理。通过在相同进水条件下的工程现场实际运行数据对比，EDUR多相泵气浮具有气浮效率高、微气泡直径小、操作维护简单、工程造价和运行费用低等诸多优点。应用EDUR气液多相泵处理高水温超稠油污水，油和悬浮物去除率均高于95％。     

Mini Liquid‐Liquid Extractor without Moving Parts Based on the Coanda Effect

A mini liquid‐liquid extractor was designed based on a feedback fluidic oscillator. According to the Coanda effect, the designed oscillator with two feedback channels enables good mixing of the aqueous and organic phases. Co‐current liquid‐liquid extraction was performed in the mini extractor, and it was visually observed that the aqueous phase was dispersed into small droplets because of fluidic oscillation and vortex formation. The aqueous phase was more effectively dispersed at the stage near the outlet and with increasing flow. Several tests were performed for evaluating the extraction performance of the extractor using 30 % tributyl phosphate‐kerosene and 3 M HNO₃ solutions as the organic and aqueous phases, respectively. The obtained extraction efficiency was close to the equilibrium efficiency, indicating that this extractor has the potential for liquid‐liquid extraction of hazardous liquids.     

含乙酸的化工废水络合萃取过程及再生技术研究

采用三辛胺-正辛醇-煤油萃取剂体系对含有乙酸的化工废水迚行处理,研究了萃取剂对不同浓度乙酸的萃取效率,考察了再生后萃取剂的应用效果。结果表明:当工业水中乙酸浓度由1%增加到10%时,萃取剂对乙酸的萃取效率逐渐降低。对浓度5%、10%乙酸的水样迚行络合萃取后上层的萃取液经红外表征,络合萃取物的结构収生了一定的变化。真空度为0.07~0.08 MPa,控制塔釜蒸馏温度至165℃,采用减压蒸馏对络合萃取物再生,经红外光谱定性分析及试验效果的验证,回收得到的萃取剂其使用效果不变。     

脉冲射流取样装置性能的实验研究

研究了一种无机械可动部件、可免维修的脉冲射流取样装置,以甘油-水体系为模拟对象,考察了体系粘度、压冲压力、T型节截面积和降液管长度对其取样性能的影响. 结果表明,随体系粘度从1.21 mPa×s增大到7.38 mPa×s,单次采样量从14.6 mL减小到6.1 mL;随T型节截面积增大单次采样量增大,并随体系粘度变大增大趋势更加显著;当降液管长度从2.65 m减至0.684 m时,单次采样量从19 mL锐减至3.8 mL,压冲压力对采样量几乎没有影响. 降液管中流体不连续流动导致的取样针底部出口处压力显著降低是采样驱动力的来源.     

Tuning Fluidic Resistance via Liquid Crystal Microfluidics

Flow of molecularly ordered fluids, like liquid crystals, is inherently coupled with the average local orientation of the molecules, or the director. The anisotropic coupling—typically absent in isotropic fluids—bestows unique functionalities to the flowing matrix. In this work, we harness this anisotropy to pattern different pathways to tunable fluidic resistance within microfluidic devices. We use a nematic liquid crystalline material flowing in microchannels to demonstrate passive and active modulation of the flow resistance. While appropriate surface anchoring conditions—which imprint distinct fluidic resistances within microchannels under similar hydrodynamic parameters—act as passive cues, an external field, e.g., temperature, is used to actively modulate the flow resistance in the microfluidic device. We apply this simple concept to fabricate basic fluidic circuits, which can be hierarchically extended to create complex resistance networks, without any additional design or morphological patterning of the microchannels.     

微流控芯片注射成型过程的数值模拟研究

以生物测试上广泛使用的微流控芯片为研究对象,研究使用聚合物微型注塑方法进行类似产品大规模、批量化生产的可能性。在建立微流控芯片结构模型的基础上,运用聚合物成型分析软件Moldllow对其在不同工艺参数下的成型过程进行了系统研究。结果表明,熔体温度的改变对充填时间的影响甚微,充填时间随着注射速度的增加而明显缩短,注射压力随熔体温度的增加而减小,随注射速度的增加而增加。增加熔体温度和注射速度可以降低翘曲变形。     

Experimental study of the fluidic mixing in a cylindrical reactor

An experimental study of fluidic mixing in a cylindrical reactor was conducted in order to determine the effects of jet position and liquid viscosity. The tests were carried out in a tank of 0.09 m³ liquid volume using eight conductimetric probes to measure the mixing time. Relative jet positions leading to an impinging flow structure have been found to be less efficient than shear flow configurations. Mixing time and inhomogeneity correlations extending the previous results of Simon and Fonade (1993) are put forward for mixing by steady or unsteady jets.     

三效蒸发工艺处理酸性废水装置故障分析与措施

介绍了金川集团有限公司镍冶炼厂酸性废水处理系统三效蒸发工艺流程的运行情况,针对运行过程中三效分离罐出现的故障进行了分析并提出了解决措施.通过对三效蒸发器内的结垢物进行组分分析,确定结垢物的主要成分为硅酸盐,采用氢氟酸对三效蒸发器进行清洗取得了较好的效果.为保证三效蒸发装置长周期平稳运行,提出定期对过滤器进行清洗保证进入...     

Development of helical coil based fluidic diode pump for liquid pumping

The main selection criterion for pumps in reprocessing applications is the absence of any moving parts or the moving parts not having any direct contact with the process fluid. There are different types of fluidic pumps such as vortex diode, reverse flow diode, etc. In this work, a new design of helical coil fluidic pump has been developed and demonstrated. Helical coils are widely used in process industries as heat exchangers, reactors, motionless mixers, etc. It is for the first time that the authors are proposing the use of helical coil as a fluidic pump based on its inherent property of high pressure drop as compared to a straight tube. The main objective of this work is to develop an alternate pumping system for reprocessing applications to replace the conventional air lift pump. The helical coil based fluidic diode pump was made up of SS 304 seamless pipe (pipe inner diameter is 9.5 mm) with a 36 mm diameter of helical coil and pitch of 14 mm. In this work, friction factor for the given helical coil was measured from pressure drop experiments. This information was also useful for understanding the transition of the laminar to turbulent region. In order to propose the operating region, the pumping capacity was measured for the helical coil based fluidic pump at different operating conditions. Experimental results show that the proposed hardware is able to pump up to 54 dm³/h. Recommendations have been made for proposing an optimum design.     

利用赤泥捕获CO2反应特性

引言中国是世界上最大的煤炭生产国和消费国,煤炭产量占世界总产量的三分之一,也是目前少数几个以煤炭为主要能源的国家之一。大量煤炭的燃烧导致我国CO2排放量急剧增加,根据世界银     

Enhanced Solar Cell Conversion Efficiency Using Birefringent Liquid Crystal Polymer Homeotropic Films from Reactive Mesogens

Novel birefringent liquid crystal polymer homeotropic films have been coated on semiconductor solar cells to improve the effective incident sunlight angles. The liquid crystal polymer precursor, based on reactive mesogens, is fluidic and flows like liquid. It would distribute uniformly on the solar cell sample surface by any traditional coating technique. The birefringence for light, due to the liquid crystal retardation properties, manipulated the optical length and the deflection of incident light, thus allowed an increase in the energy conversion efficiency. The expensive sunlight tracking systems could be avoided. The processing parameters can be tuned such as different mesogen concentrations and plate speeds of spin-coating. The results showed that the solar cell conversion efficiency was improved from 14.56% to 14.85% at an incident sunlight angle of 15°. It was further improved from 13.40% to 13.81% when the angle was 30°. The interesting angular dependency on solar cell efficiency enhancement has been evaluated.