一起大型空分设备冷箱内泄漏事故的分析及处理

介绍48000 m3/h空分设备冷箱基础温度降低的现象,分析冷箱内部的泄漏点位置和泄漏原因。对冷箱进行扒砂处理后,整改冷箱内的仪表管和支架,空分设备恢复正常运行。     

聚磺酸甜菜碱与表面活性剂在水溶液中复合与相分离

通过浊点法研究了表面活性剂的结构与浓度对聚N、N-二甲基-N-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基-N-丁基磺酸铵（PDMABS）水溶液相分离温度的影响。选用的表面活性剂包括阴离子、阳离子和非离子型表面活性剂,以及大分子的聚丙烯酸、聚对乙烯基苯磺酸钠、聚甲基丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基苄基氯化铵。结果显示,各种表面活性剂对PDMABS有不同程度的增...     

Phase Transition and Anomalous Low Temperature Ferromagnetic Phase in Pr0.6Sr0.4MnO3 Single Crystals

We report on the magnetic and electrical properties of Pr_0.6Sr_0.4MnO₃ single crystals. This compound undergoes a continuous paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition with a Curie temperature T _C∼301 K and a first-order structural transition at T _S∼64 K. At T _S, the magnetic susceptibility exhibits an abrupt jump, and a corresponding small hump is seen in the resistivity. The critical behavior of the static magnetization and the temperature dependence of the resistivity are consistent with the behavior expected for a nearly isotropic ferromagnet with short-range exchange belonging to the Heisenberg universality class. The magnetization (M–H) curves below T _S are anomalous in that the virgin curve lies outside the subsequent M–H loops. The hysteretic structural transition at T _S as well as the irreversible magnetization processes below T _S can be explained by phase separation between a high-temperature orthorhombic and a low-temperature monoclinic ferromagnetic phase.     

风冷式空调机组用于春秋季与冬季供冷问题的探讨

分析了风冷式空调机组在春秋季及冬季出现停机故障的原因,提出了通过提高机组冷凝器进风温度的方式来解决低压保护问题,经工程实践检验此方法是可行的.     

Calculation of the Critical Field and the Nernst Effect in Cuprate Superconductors

A recent experiment which measured the Nernst effect, the diamagnetic signal and the H _c2 field was interpreted as a support to the scenario which the pseudogap has the pair condensate without long-range phase coherence. We present here calculations which qualitatively reproduces the onset of the Nernst signal temperature T _ν (ρ) and T _c (ρ) as function of the doping level ρ. Together with our previous calculations to the magnetization and H _c2, we conclude that the phase separation scenario supports also the new Nernst effect experiments. This work has been partially supported by CAPES and CNPq.     

二元系统分相区的定量预测方法——RO-B_2O_3(R=Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba)系统分相区的预测

本文对应用分相的普适性及定量计算方程来预测分相区进行了分析,认为,对二元系统的分相,只要知道临界点的实验值或临界点附近某两点以上的实验值,就可定量预测出临界点附近的分相区。并用此方法对已知分相区的硼酸盐碱土金属二元系 RO-B_2O_3(R=Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba)的分相区进行了预测验证。结果表明,用本文的方法来预测它们的分相区是可行的。本方法可望用于其它二元系统分相区的预测。     

热处理温度对熔融分相法制备纳米TiO2影响的研究

用熔融分相法制备TiO2光催化材料的原理基于通过调节分相结构控制析晶尺寸。本文重点研究在制备过程中热处理条件对玻璃分相与TiO2析晶及光催化效果的影响。试样的组成选在Na2O-B2O3-SiO2-TiO2体系的分相区域,1300℃熔融,在不同的温度下进行热处理,经酸处理后得到负载于富硅多孔玻璃的纳米TiO2光催化材料。结果表明为使分相尺寸与TiO2析晶速度相匹配,获得最佳的光催化效率,对不同组成的试样热处理条件以575～600℃／12h为宜。     

现代连续相变理论在玻璃分相中的应用

玻璃分相区中存在一临界点,在此临界点的转变属于连续相变范畴。通过本文的讨论表明。对二组元玻璃系统的分相,可以用现代连续相变理论描述。在临界点附近区域内,其分相曲线为以临界点为界,以两曲线方程:(x~l-x_c)/x_c=A[(T_c-T)/T_c]~(1/3),(x~(l′)-x_c)/x_c=A′[(T_c-T)/T_c]~(1/3)来表达。这里 A、A′为二组元系统分相曲线的普适常数。本文中对 Li_2O-SiO_2,Na_2O-SiO_2,BaO-SiO_2系统分相实验值的拟合结果是 A=-1.8305;A′=2.3551。相应的计算曲线与实验值符合较好。     

低温分相法制备高比表面积微/介孔SiOC陶瓷

以含氢聚硅氧烷(PHMS)、四甲基四乙烯基环四硅氧烷(D₄ ^vi)和铂络合物为原料, 采用热交联合成交联体, 通过水蒸汽辅助热解促进前驱体低温分相及后续HF对SiOC陶瓷侵蚀基础上, 获得高比表面积微/介孔SiOC陶瓷。采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM和BET等测试技术对试样的物相组成、化学键、微观结构、比表面积和孔径分布等进行了表征。实验结果表明, 水蒸气能够促进前驱体低温分相, 使SiOC陶瓷中生成Si-O-Si键、SiO₂纳米畴和SiO₂纳米晶, 这些可以作为造孔剂而被HF侵蚀, 从而提高了SiOC陶瓷的比表面积。在热解温度1300℃条件下, 微/介孔SiOC陶瓷具有最大比表面积1845.5 m²/g, 孔径分布2.0~10 nm。     

K_2O-MgO-Al_2O_3-P_2O_5-B_2O_3系统玻璃分相和光色性之间的关系

为了获得一种具有良好光色性能的磷酸盐光色玻璃,选择了 K_2O-MgO-Al_2O_3-P_2O_5-B_2O_3系统作为基础玻璃,以 AgX 为光敏成分,研究了玻璃分相和光色性之间的相互关系。用分子光谱、SEM,EDAX 和 XRD 等研究了2~#分相玻璃的相组成、相形貌。实验结果表明,光色玻璃中光敏相不仅是 AgCl 和 NaCl 固溶相组成,而且富集于液滴相中。玻璃的热处理以及相应热处理条件下分相形貌的观察结果表明:在一定的温度范围内,随着热处理温度升高,玻璃的分相程度增大,增强了玻璃的变暗程度,但相应地降低了光色玻璃的退色速率。     

Al(PO_3)_3-NaBF_4-AlF3 系统玻璃的分相及晶化的研究

本工作利用 DTA、RTEM、X 射线及 IR 技术研究了 Al(PO_3)_s-NaBF_4-AlF_3系统玻璃的分相机理及分相与晶化之间的关系。从实验结果得出,分相玻璃的 DTA 曲线上存在有两个明显的 T_g 温度。其中,高 T_g 相为富磷氧相,低T_g 相为贫磷氧相。且分相玻璃的第二相呈粒子形态,属成核生长机理。粒子长大服从扩散机制。该系统玻璃分相导致整体析晶。高磷区析晶相为 Al(PO_3)_3,低磷区析晶相为 NaAlP_2O_7。     

千埃级微孔玻璃的制备

用 Na_2O-CaO-B_2O_3-Al_2O_3-SiO_2系玻璃以制备微孔玻璃。微孔玻璃的孔径大小、分布和比表面与原始玻璃的组成、分相热处理温度和时间、热历史等因素有密切的关系,控制这些因素可以制成孔径为50～3000(?)、比表面为10～150m~2/g 的微孔玻璃。     

Phase separation and surface morphology of spin-coated films of polyetherimide/polycaprolactone immiscible polymer blends

The surface morphology in thin films of immiscible polyetherimide and polycaprolactone blends was studied using scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. The thin films were obtained by spin-coating from dichloromethane solution. A self-assembled periodic pattern of phase separated domains was observed, which was induced by capillary effects along with the solution radial flow and the unsteady air flow field above the film during the initial stages of spin-coating. A secondary phase separation was observed during the solvent evaporation stage of spin-coating. The differences in surface topographies of the two distinct phases are attributed to different solvent evaporation rates within each phase. In addition, a great variety of domain structures and surface morphologies were observed as a function of polymer blend composition.     

Local phase separation in Tl-based oxide superconductors

We present the results of the analysis of CuK-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) on Tl₂Ba₂CuO₆, which show a complex Cu-O pair distribution function with multiple Cu-O bondlengths in the CuO₂ planes, implying local phase separation in this material. Based on these results we propose a model of the local structure of these Tl-based superconductors. We present the formalism used to extract a pair distribution function from XAFS from a model interatomic potential, associating a dynamic time scale to fluctuations between different bond lengths. These copper-oxygen bondlengths are compared with those found in Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+y , La_1.85Sr_0.15Cu₂O₄ and YBa₂Cu₃O₇.     

非晶态 Li~+ 导体分相和晶化过程的扫描电镜观察

对非晶态 Li~+导体 B_2O_3—0.7Li_2O—0.7LiCl—0.1Al_2O_3在300℃温度下分相和晶化过程进行了扫描电镜(SEM)观察。结果表明;在等温处理的开始阶段,样品内首先发生分相,从母相中分离出均匀分布的新的非晶相粒子,随后长大和聚集;然后,新非晶相发生晶化长成晶粒,其成分为 Li_4B_7O_(12)Cl;最后,背景的非晶相中析出另一种晶粒,成分为 LiBO_2,并有较大的生长速度。     

Particularities of condensation of atoms with increased kinetic energy

Novel universal method for measurement of the condensation coefficient α is developed. Using this method, noticeable difference between measured (α≈0.8) and expected (α≈1) values of the condensation coefficient for sputtered Cr atoms was revealed for the first time. The effect is assumed to be a result of considerable elevation of the surface temperature during atomic condensation induced by the energy delivered to the condensation surface by sputtered atoms and from the plasma.     

Diffusion of lithium ions and diffusion-induced stresses in a phase separating electrode under galvanostatic and potentiostatic operations: Phase field simulations

Phase separation in an electrode of a lithium ion battery, which is a phenomenon where an active electrode material is separated into Li-rich and Li-poor phases, exists widely in many active materials and has significant impacts on the diffusion of lithium ions and diffusion-induced stresses. A phase field model is developed to study the phase separation. Firstly, the influences of various energies, such as the free energy of uniform Li-ion concentration, gradient energy and elastic energy, on phase separation are discussed. Secondly, the impacts of charge operation, e.g. galvanostatic and potentiostatic, on Li-ion diffusion and diffusion-induced stresses in a planar phase separating electrode are investigated. Calculations are also made for single phase electrodes based on Fick’s law for comparison. The obtained simulation results show that the Li-ion diffusion in a phase separating electrode depends significantly on the phase separating profile and movement of phase boundary, but it is not sensitive to charge operation. The diffusion-induced stresses also separate into high and low stress regions. Finally, based on the diffusion process and diffusion-induced stress, it is suggested that phase separation should be avoided for the sake of fast charging and mechanical reliability.