双馈异步发电机滞环矢量控制策略的研究

根据双馈异步发电机的运行特点,推导出了其在静止参考坐标系中的数学模型,采用定子磁链定向的矢量控制技术,并结合滞环电流控制技术,提出了一种新的转子励磁控制策略。利用Matlab仿真软件建立双馈异步发电机的仿真模型,对有功和无功功率的解耦进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,该控制策略能够实现双馈发电机有功功率和无功功率的独立解耦控制。     

基于MATLAB／Simulink的双馈感应电机建模与仿真研究

双馈电机的结构类似于绕线式感应电机,其定子绕组也由具有固定频率的对称三相电源激励,所不同的是其转子绕组由可调节频率的三相电源激励,一般采用交-交变频器或交-直-交变频器提供低频电源。本文在推导双馈电机在静止参考坐标系中的数学模型的基础上,应用矢量控制技术建立了双馈电机电流闭环控制。通过仿真获取该电机的电流、速度和磁通曲...     

Global adaptive output feedback control of induction motors withuncertain rotor resistance

The authors design a global adaptive output feedback control for a fifth-order model of induction motors, which guarantees asymptotic tracking of smooth speed references on the basis of speed and stator current measurements, for any initial condition and for any unknown constant value of torque load and rotor resistance. The proposed seventh-order nonlinear compensator generates estimates both for the unknown parameters (torque load and rotor resistance) and for the unmeasured state variables (rotor flux); they converge to the corresponding true values under persistency of excitation which actually holds in typical operating conditions. The control algorithm generates references for the magnetizing flux component and for the torque component of stator current which lead to significant simplification for current-fed motors. Simulations show that the proposed controller is suitable for high dynamic performance applications     

不平衡电网电压下双馈风力发电系统强励控制

针对电网电压不平衡造成的双馈风力发电机(DFIG)定子有功和无功功率振荡、电磁转矩脉动、定、转子电流不平衡等问题,提出了一种双馈风力发电系统转子侧变换器强励控制方案。推导了不平衡电网电压下DFIG定子有功、无功功率的二次谐波分量在同步旋转坐标系中的表达式,并以此为依据设计了电压强励补偿环。分析了有功、无功功率,电磁转矩及定、转子电流二次谐波分量之间的关系,采用单一强励补偿控制器对不同控制目标进行切换强励控制。对1.5MWDFIG系统的控制特性研究验证了所提控制策略的可行性和优越性。     

A speed-sensorless indirect field-oriented control for induction motors based on high gain speed estimation

The authors design a new speed sensorless output feedback control for the full-order model of induction motors with unknown constant load torque, which guarantees local asymptotic tracking of smooth speed and rotor flux modulus reference signals and local asymptotic field orientation, on the basis of stator current measurements only. The proposed nonlinear controller exploits the concept of indirect field orientation (no flux estimation is required) in combination with a new high-gain speed estimator based on the torque current tracking error. The estimates of unknown load torque and time-varying rotor speed converge to the corresponding true values under a persistency of excitation condition with a physically meaningful interpretation, basically equivalent to non-null synchronous frequency. Stability analysis of the overall dynamics has been performed exploiting the singular perturbation method. The proposed control algorithm is a “true” industrial sensorless solution since no simplifying assumptions (flux and load torque measurements) are required. Simulation and experimental tests show that the proposed controller is suitable for medium and high performance applications.     

Grid-connected vector-controlled slip-ring induction machine drive with out speed sensor

A speed estimation method is presented in this paper for a grid-connected doubly-fed slip-ring induction machine drive. The proposed method is formulated with reactive power based model reference adaptive system (MRAS). The method does not require the estimation of stator/rotor flux. So, the integrator related problems at synchronous speed are overcome. Also, the estimation method is independent of stator and rotor resistance variation. Extensive simulation results are presented to validate the technique.     

A rotor speed estimation algorithm in variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generator wind energy conversion system

A rotor speed estimation algorithm in a direct vector controlled permanent magnet synchronous generator wind energy conversion system is proposed. The proposed method is based on a simple equation obtained from the flux model of the machine and contains only stator flux and current. Constant gain recursive least squares estimator is used for implementing the speed estimation algorithm. Rotor position information used for coordinate transformation is computed using the estimated speed. Stator flux information required by the speed estimator is obtained using the stator voltage equation by implementing a programmable low pass filter. The estimated speed is used as the feedback signal for the speed control loop of the vector controlled machine side converter control system whose command speed is obtained from a wind speed sensorless maximum power point tracking controller, thus, we obtain a complete rotor speed and wind speed sensorless permanent magnet synchronous generator wind energy conversion system. Simulation is carried out to validate the performance of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Robust speed control of induction motors using position and currentmeasurements

A nonlinear robust output feedback control is designed for a sixth-order model of an induction motor. The control uses only measurement of the rotor position and stator currents. It contains two observers, a second-order observer to estimate the rotor flux from the stator current and a third-order high-gain observer to estimate the rotor speed and acceleration from its position. The control is robust to uncertainties in the rotor and stator resistances, and a bounded time-varying load torque. It guarantees that the speed tracking error can be made arbitrarily small by choice of certain design parameters. Moreover, when the speed reference and load torque are constant, it ensures asymptotic regulation. Simulation results agree well with the analysis     

感应电机最小定子电流的PI预测函数控制

研究感应电机效率优化问题,针对目前传统控制方法在电动机动态时为使电机能够提高响应性能而无法兼顾效率优化的缺点,设计了一种基于多变量PI预测函数的最大转矩电流比控制策略.通过引入预测输出误差项,构建具有比例、积分性质的多变量预测函数控制器,并应用到感应电机电流环控制中.能够有效地控制定子电流励磁分量与转矩分量,从而实现电动机转子磁链与转速的解耦控制.改进型多变量PI预测函数控制策略具有跟踪效果好、抗干扰能力强、无超调、稳态误差小的优点,兼顾了感应电机的动态效率与转速响应速度.同时该算法与传统预测控制器结构类似,便于广大工程人员设计实现,适用于电动汽车中的驱动电机.     

基于MRAS的感应电动机无速度传感器控制方法

针对传统的感应电动机转速辨识算法只对电动机转速进行辨识,而没有考虑定子电阻的变化对电动机转速辨识所带来影响的问题,提出了一种改进的基于MARS的感应电动机无速度传感器控制方法。该方法采用电压模型的输出作为转子磁链、定子电阻的期望值,电流模型的输出作为转子磁链、定子电阻的推算值,根据MARS理论,以电压模型作为参考模型、电流模型作为自适应可调模型,进行电动机转速、定子电阻的辨识。仿真结果表明,该方法能够同时辨识电动机转速和定子电阻,有效消除了定子电阻发生变化对电动机转速辨识带来的影响,提高了感应电动机控制系统的低速辨识性能。     

Direct Power Control of Dfig by Using Nonlinear Model Predictive Controller

This paper proposes a nonlinear model predictive direct power control (PDPC) strategy for a double fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind energy generation system. Active and reactive power variations of DFIG are calculated based on machine rules, and a nonlinear model of DFIG is given. A nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) is presented based on the useful cost function and constraint that it results in more proximity between simulations and reality. The power and current ripples are reduced and the optimal rotor voltage is generated based on an objective function and the constraints. The rotor voltage vector is calculated in the synchronous reference frame and transferred into the rotor reference frame. Simulation results of a 2 MW DFIG system show good performance of the proposed method during variation of active and reactive powers, machine parameters, and wind speed. Also, the transient responses of active and reactive powers are within a few milliseconds.     

基于定子电流小波变换的感应电机速度估计算法的研究

提出一种基于齿槽谐波检测的转速估计算法。首先对感应电机定子电流进行小波变换,得到谱后再利用脊线检测算法提取瞬时频率,然后根据齿槽谐波频率估计转速。将该算法在感应电机无速度传感器直接转矩控制系统中进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,使用小波变换的估计算法不受电机参数的影响,明显提高了电机的转速估计精度,并且在整个转速范围内有效,从而也解决的了在低速范围内,转速估计精度低的问题。     

High performance sensorless speed vector control of SPIM Drives with on-line stator resistance estimation

The aim of this paper is to implement a sensorless Indirect Stator Field Oriented Control (ISFOC) of Single-Phase Induction Motor Drive (SPIMD) with stator resistance tuning. The proposed method for the estimation of speed is based only on measurement of stator currents. A very simple identification algorithm using d-axis stator current error for identifying the stator resistance is proposed. Experimental results for SPIMD are presented and analyzed by using a dSpace system with DS1104 control board based on the Digital Signal Processor (DSP) TMS320F240. Simulated results are compared with experimental results on a test 1.1 kW SPIM setup. The agreement between simulated and experimental results proves the validity of the proposed method.     

无刷双馈调速电机无源性分析及自适应控制

应用无源性控制理论从能量角度研究了无刷双馈电机控制系统.建立了无刷双馈电机的欧拉方程,并将其分解为电气和机械两个无源子系统的反馈并联,以此说明在设计控制器时只需考虑电气子系统,简化了控制算法.设计了电机的转矩和转速控制器.在此基础上,考虑电机功率及控制绕组电阻在运行中可能发生变化.设计自适应控制器以提高系统的鲁棒性.仿真结果表明此控制策略能快速地跟踪速度给定.动静态响应能力较好,且具有全局稳定、系统鲁棒性好的特点.     

双馈型变速恒频风力发电系统的鲁棒控制

研究了双馈变速恒频风力发电系统的鲁棒控制问题. 采用定子磁场定向的矢量变换技术, 建立了系统非线性数学描述, 利用非线性鲁棒控制技术, 设计了能实现发电机输出有功功率和无功功率鲁棒解耦控制, 同时具有鲁棒干扰抑制作用的转子励磁控制器. 理论分析和仿真结果均表明, 所设计的控制器可以保证在风速变化、系统参数不确定性和外部干扰的情况下, 风力发电系统仍能安全可靠地最大获取风能, 并且输出恒频恒压的电量.     

A novel fuzzy direct torque control system for three-level inverter-fed induction machine

Diode clamped multi-level inverter (DCMLI) has a wide application prospect in high-voltage and adjustable speed drive systems due to its low stress on switching devices, low harmonic output, and simple structure. However, the problem of complexity of selecting vectors and capacitor voltage unbalance needs to be solved when the algorithm of direct torque control (DTC) is implemented on DCMLI. In this paper, a fuzzy DTC system of an induction machine fed by a three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter is proposed. After introducing fuzzy logic, optimal selecting switching state is realized by applying various strategies which can distinguish the grade of the errors of stator flux linkage, torque, the neutral-point potential, and the position of stator flux linkage. Consequently, the neutral-point potential unbalance, the dv/dt of output voltage and the switching loss are restrained effectively, and desirable dynamic and steady-state performances of induction machines can be obtained for the DTC scheme. A design method of the fuzzy controller is introduced in detail, and the relevant simulation and experimental results have verified the feasibility of the proposed control algorithm.     

两路串行通信接口双主机转速单片机控制仿真

针对当前双主机转速单片机控制方法拟合度低、解耦性差的问题,提出基于FOC的两路串行通信接口双主机转速单片机控制方法。首先需对双主机转速信号进行采集,结合转速信号计算双主机转速传递函数,由此构建双主机转速的数学模型。根据双主机转速数学模型,对双主机的最大功率及双主机的转速值进行跟踪估计,将该值当作转速控制的定值,令双主机所捕获的机械功率、储能变化率以及电功率相加,得到双主机的机械功率;基于双主机机械功率上,利用FOC算法根据坐标变换,将两路串行通信接口双主机的定子电流做分解处理,分解成磁力电流和转矩电流分量,对其进行控制,实现了对双主机转速的单片控制。仿真结果表明,在对双主机转速单片机控制时,提出方法估计转速与实际转速的拟合度较高,并且当突加负载时能够快速的恢复到转速的给定值,当双主机无功功率变化时,转速没有任何波动,说明提出方法还具有较好的解耦性,验证了提出方法的优势。     

双馈感应风力发电机组的非线性变结构空载并网控制策略

采用矢量控制结合PI控制来实现双馈感应发电机并网时,电机的各种磁链以及电压电流交叉耦合补偿部分都会降低电网电压跟踪的速度,使动态响应性能不够理想,令超调量增大.本文采用变结构控制与全状态反馈线性化解耦相结合的控制策略,来控制双馈感应发电机组的空载并网过程.在MATLAB仿真模型基础上,从空载并网时发电机定子电压对电网电压的跟踪、并网过渡过程中定转子电流变化情况,和并网后功率调节和最大风能捕获这3个阶段进行了仿真分析.最后将非线性变结构控制器与传统矢量控制外加PI调节控制的仿真结果进行了对比分析.结果表明,采用全状态反馈线性化变结构控制的双馈感应风力发电机组,可以实现发电机的平滑并网,并网效果较好,定子电流对电网冲击小,转子电流实现比较平稳的过渡.并网后,发电机能够有效地进行最大风能捕获,实现变速恒频发电和有功、无功功率的独立调节控制.通过与传统矢量控制的比较分析,可以看出,双馈感应风力发电机组采用状态反馈精确线性化变结构控制器比传统矢量PI控制器对电网电压跟踪速度更快,动态响应更快速、调节时间和超调量更小.     

感应电机二阶滑模次优算法定子磁链观测器设计

提出了基于二阶滑模次优算法的感应电机定子磁链观测方法,设计了定子磁链观测器,并应用到感应电机直接转矩控制中.本文设计的磁链观测器,通过准确的跟踪电流及其变化率,从而实现对转子磁链的准确估算,然后利用转子磁链与定子磁链的关系,估算出定子磁链.由于本文设计的定子磁链观测器是一个多输入多输出(MIMO)系统,稳定性分析非常复杂,为此将磁链估算误差的微分看作扰动处理,从而将MIMO的观测器模型分解成两个独立的单输入单输出(SISO)系统,简化了稳定性分析.将该观测器用于感应电机直接转矩控制中,达到了很好的控制效果.仿真和实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

混合动力汽车系统中的永磁同步电机控制研究

基于混合动力汽车应用中的电机控制,本文分析了电机运行的最大转矩/电流MTPA、弱磁控制和最大输出功率等阶段的数学模型,提出了基于新型内嵌式永磁同步电机IPM的一种最优化定子电流控制算法,调节不同阶段给定定子电流的交直轴分量,充分利用变流器所能提供的电压和电流容量,以维持系统运行所需要的转矩输出,使得每个时刻电机都能充分利用变流器资源并输出最大功率,可靠性和动态性能都很理想,实现了能量最优化,仿真实验和实际平台实验验证了该方法的可行性和优越性。