北方采暖地区既有居住建筑节能改造融资方案设计

结合既有居住建筑节能改造工作的实践经验,得出地方政府支持力度不够、居民百姓出资意愿不高、其他主体投资兴趣不大是导致既有居住建筑节能改造融资困难的主要障碍。运用市场生命周期理论,按照既有居住建筑节能改造市场产生、成长、成熟三个阶段,相应提出了设置节能改造专项资金、合同能源管理,碳汇融资,BOT,信托融资、股权融资,债券融资,项目融资,商业性贷款,内源融资等既有居住建筑节能改造融资方案。     

以邯郸华泰居住小区为例谈居住建筑节能措施

以邯郸华泰居住小区为例,介绍了围护结构的保温措施,并对中水系统的设计进行了简单阐述,以提高能源利用率,降低能源消耗,对合理利用能源,坚持科学发展观和在世界贸易中与国际标准接轨等方面都具有重要的意义。     

试论建筇节能设计

分析当前我国建筑能耗状况,强调建筑节能重要意义,详细探讨了诸如建筑规划设计、围护结构(如墙体、门窗、屋顶)以及采暖空调等各种节能问题。     

绿色建筑与低能耗建筑示范

2007年住房和城乡建设部启动了建设百项绿色建筑示范工程和百项低能耗建筑示范工程工作。通过2008、2009两年的绿色建筑和低能耗建筑示范工程项目的申报,已经有99个项目列入绿色建筑和低能耗建筑示范工程项目。通过这些项目的实施和建设,将形成一批以科技为先导、节能减排为重点、功能完善、特色鲜明、具有辐射带动作用的绿色建筑示范工程和低能耗建筑示范工程,为我国建筑节能和建设领域的节能减排做出贡献。     

Thermodynamic perfectibility based analysis of energy-efficiency standards for air conditioning products in China

There are presently different types of air conditioning products in China such as room air conditioners, variable speed room air conditioners, unity air conditioners, multi-connected air-condition (heat pump) unit, chilled water air conditioning systems. For these air conditioning products, evaluation indexes have been created, respectively including energy efficiency ratio (EER), coefficient of performance (COP), seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) and integrated part load value (IPLV), and their energy efficiency standards have been established. Based on thermodynamic perfectibility, this paper makes the compatible analysis of the energy efficiency and thermodynamic perfectibility gradient of energy efficiency standards for different air conditioning products. According to testing conditions of evaluation indexes, these air conditioning products are classified into two groups, the standard rating conditions group (EER, COP) and the variable working condition group (SEER, IPLV). The results show the thermodynamic perfectibility of different air conditioning products grade as the same level for energy efficiency standards in each group differ from one another. Besides, the average thermodynamic perfectibility gradient of energy efficiency levels for air conditioning product in the standard rating conditions group is basically the same, and that of variable speed room air conditioners and multi-connected air-condition (heat pump) unit are the highest and lowest, respectively.     

对建筑节能设计的认识

结合中国实际情况 ,介绍了节能建筑设计应考虑的几个问题 ,指出在充分利用自然能源的基础上 ,应采用各种高效保温节能材料 ,对建筑进行节能设计     

探讨建筑节能设计的方法

从整体设计、外部绿色资源的利用、建筑的个体设计等方面介绍了建筑节能设计的方法，并从规划、设计、构造、园林绿化等方面综合各方面因素节能设计，提高了建筑的整体效益。     

对民用建筑节能设计的看法

针对建筑节能的重要性,围绕建筑节能设计的部分内容以及其他综合措施,探讨了在建筑设计与实施过程中如何利用能源的基本原则和基础知识,以缓解我国能源供求矛盾,促进我国经济的可持续发展。     

我国居住建筑热计量收费综合修正系数

在我国现行分户热计量方法的基础上,为体现收取热费和用热的公平合理性,提出热量表计量方式下的单户热费计算模型,介绍了该模型中主要参数即综合修正系数的概念。此系数受室外气象参数、建筑物构造、围护结构及国家相关政策等多种因素的影响,不同地区取值不尽相同。利用试点城市示范工程的实际数据,分析了天津、哈尔滨、沈阳、西安及包头5个典型城市居住建筑热计量收费综合修正系数的规律,并提出了综合修正系数的建议值。     

我国高密度住宅空调现状及可持续发展空调形式的探讨

分析了我国住宅现有空调的特点和问题,提出一种集中冷却水系统与各户独立系统相结合的户式空调系统。     

Benchmarking Hong Kong and China energy codes for residential buildings

Mandatory energy codes to curb energy use of residential buildings have been formally launched in China for more than two decades but little has been publicized in literature. Similar codes are not available for residential buildings in Hong Kong, but most residential buildings in Hong Kong, especially public housing estates, are HK-BEAM certified to demonstrate their compliance with regulatory and basic design requirements. Given HK-BEAM is internationally recognized and there are doubts about the effectiveness of the China codes, how the energy efficiency of the HK-BEAM certified buildings compare with buildings in compliance with the China codes is of interest to most building designers and policy makers. This paper describes how the energy efficiency of a case study building in compliance with the China codes compare with the one in compliance with HK-BEAM. The energy simulation by HTB2 and BECRES reveal that the case study building in compliance with the China codes is 51.1% better in energy use. In the study, the relative impact of each compliance criterion on energy use and cooling load has been quantified by sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity values indicate that energy use is most sensitive to air-conditioning operation hours, indoor design temperature, coefficient of performance (COP) of the room air-conditioners (RAC) units, and the envelop characteristics. The results of this study indicate that a HK-BEAM certified building cannot satisfy the China codes requirements. This provides good reference to the policy makers, the building owners, and to the China and Hong Kong Governments when considering reciprocal recognition of building energy codes.     

居住建筑节能设计标准及热工参数对比分析

归纳了国内外居住建筑节能设计标准,选取居住建筑屋顶、外墙、外门窗三个部位传热系数进行了对比分析,分析表明国内各地区间、国内与发达国家建筑节能设计标准差异明显。     

Thermal design standards for energy efficiency of residential buildings in hot summer/cold winter zones

Factors such as solar heat gain in summer, heat loss in winter, and natural ventilation in transitional seasons must be considered when designing energy-efficient residential buildings for hot summer/cold winter zones. In this paper, the rationale for defining thermal design of energy-efficient buildings is discussed based on results of field tests on pilot buildings and calculations for typical buildings.     

Foundations for individual residential buildings

New structural solutions and methods of foundation installation for the construction of individual residential buildings are proposed. Selection of an alternate foundation scheme is determined as a function of local construction conditions and structural solutions for the subsurface portion of the building. Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 2, pp. 26–27, March–April, 1995.     

Indoor thermal environment and energy saving for urban residential buildings in China

The purpose of this survey is to investigate the actual conditions of the residential indoor thermal environment in urban areas in China for evaluating thermal comfort and predicting the energy conservation feasibility for space heating and cooling.The apartment homes under investigation were located in the urban areas of nine major cities. The questionnaire survey revealed building characteristics, the types of space heating and cooling system in use, aspects of life style, during winter and summer seasons, and so on. The measurement showed that winter indoor temperatures in Harbin, Urumqi, Beijing and Xi’an remain at a relatively stable level near 20 °C due to the central heating system installed. However in the other cities lacking central heating systems, indoor temperatures fluctuated as a function of the change of outdoor temperature. On the other hand, summer indoor evening temperatures in Shanghai, Changsha, Chongqing and Hong Kong were higher than the comfort zone of ASHRAE. Therefore it is expected that energy use for space heating and cooling in the southern China will increase in the near future because of occupants’ requirement for comfortable indoor environment. Based on the results yielded by this study, in Beijing the calculation of space heating and cooling loads indicated that the energy used to heat indoor spaces can be halved by installing thermal insulation and properly sealing the building.     

浅谈住宅套型设计

从户型与套型混为一谈的现象入手,引出户型与套型的概念及相互关系,并通过对居民家庭类型的实际分析,阐述了户型对套型的影响及针对户型进行套型设计的方法与途径。     

对延安住宅建筑发展思考

针对延安市的地理环境和特色要素,在着重于满足＂以人为本＂现代住宅条件下,结合城市文脉提出＂显山露水＂＂近河高塔、近山低板＂＂阴黄阳灰＂的构思,对于整个延安市规划的概念,对延安住宅建筑发展提供了一些有益探索。     

Indoor air environment of residential buildings in Dalian,China

In recent years, more and more people have started to recognize the importance of indoor air environment. In order to obtain the comprehensive knowledge about the indoor environment situation and find out the main source of indoor air pollution, 550 residents living in different buildings/apartments were subjected to a questionnaire survey and field measurements were conducted in 30 of these buildings/apartments in Dalian from January to February 2002. From the questionnaire survey and field measurements, we found that many residential buildings had good outdoor surroundings. Dust and automobile emissions are main sources of outdoor air pollution. Though air tightness of these buildings is fairly good, outdoor air quality still has great impact on indoor air environment. The most serious indoor air pollutant is formaldehyde which is mainly caused by decoration.     

科学筹划搞好节能住宅建设 沈阳望花二期工程建筑节能分析

建筑节能是住宅业的发展方向。建筑节能通常是指在建筑中合理使用和有效利用能源 ,不断提高能源利用效率。建筑用能占全国总能耗的 30 %～ 4 0 %左右 ,量大面广影响极大 ,搞好建筑节能是关系国民经济稳步发展、实施可持续发展战略的根本要求。1998年 ,沈阳市安居办在望花二期安     

谈居住建筑的阳台设计

结合阳台设计的发展演变,对居住建筑的阳台设计的发展及分类作了探讨,从生活阳台、服务阳台、阳台的栏板、阳台的进深、阳台设计与立面造型六个方面对阳台设计进行了分析,以指导实践。