夏热冬冷地区居住建筑内外组合保温节能效果分析

本文采用建筑能耗模拟软件IES-VE,对夏热冬冷地区居住建筑外墙内外组合保温、外保温和内保温进行了建筑全年能耗模拟,结果表明外墙内外组合保温能耗值最低。通过分析夏季和冬季典型日逐时能耗值与室内空气温度,得出内外组合保温节能效果较好主要由于其更适应于夏热冬冷地区居住建筑间歇式、分室用能模式。     

夏热冬冷地区住宅节能改造能耗模拟分析

清华大学开发的利用建筑能耗模拟分析软件DeST-h,以某住宅建筑为模型,对夏热冬冷地区三个典型城市的建筑能耗进行模拟分析。从外墙保温砂浆厚度和窗户类型两方面对住宅建筑进行节能改造,模拟分析其对住宅建筑全年能耗的影响情况,为夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑的节能改造提供一些参考。     

气候变化下建筑能耗模拟气象数据研究

气象参数是建筑能耗模拟的基础,随着全球气候异常变暖,必将对建筑采暖和空调能耗产生重要影响。进行未来气候条件下的建筑能耗模拟,必须首先开展未来模拟气象参数的研究。根据TMY2模拟气象参数模式提出了节能分析气象年(AEEMY)模拟气象参数模式。使用了3个气候模型预测了中国建筑热工分区代表城市未来2021-2050的30 a气象参数。使用AEEMY模式得到了1971-2000年和2021-2050年代表城市的建筑能耗模拟气象参数。应用DOE2模拟软件对中国各气候区的居住建筑在2种气候条件下进行了建筑能耗模拟。验     

基于能耗模拟的北方新农村典型居住建筑能耗影响因素分析

依据对北方地区农村居住建筑的调研结果,选取3个典型设计方案,建立典型新建农村住宅模型,使用建筑能耗模拟软件DeST-H对其在寒冷地区的能耗进行模拟,对能耗影响因素进行定量分析,讨论了每种建筑模型在不同围护结构条件下的负荷情况,并综合建筑节能效果、舒适性和经济性给出北方农村新建住宅建筑可行的节能措施。     

基于生命周期理论的严寒地区居住建筑能耗计算和分析

本文运用生命周期理论,结合居住建筑物自身的特点,使用建筑物生命周期能耗计算模型对严寒地区居住建筑的生命周期能耗进行了计算和分析。得出一些有利于推进严寒地区居住建筑节能工作的相关结论和措施。     

住宅建筑采暖空调能耗模拟方法的研究

住宅建筑的采暖空调能耗受室内居住人员行为方式的影响,在调查研究基础上,确定了两种反映室内居住人员行为方式的计算模式。在两种不同计算模式下,利用建筑热环境模拟工具DeST对上海地区同一住宅建筑能耗进行模拟,并将模拟结果与调研结果进行比较,分析计算模式对上海地区住宅建筑采暖空调能耗大小的影响,从而获得能正确反映上海地区住宅建筑采暖空调能耗大小的模拟计算方法。此方法可用于上海地区住宅建筑采暖空调的能耗分析与评价,并正确指导住宅建筑的节能设计。     

Developing future hourly weather files for studying the impact of climate change on building energy performance in Hong Kong

The concern on climate change leads to growing demand for minimization of energy use. As building is one of the largest energy consuming sectors, it is essential to study the impact of climate change on building energy performance. In this regard, building energy simulation software is a useful tool. A set of appropriate typical weather files is one of the key factors towards successful building energy simulation. This paper reports the work of developing a set of weather data files for subtropical Hong Kong, taking into the effect of future climate change. Projected monthly mean climate changes from a selected General Circulation Model for three future periods under two emission scenarios were integrated into an existing typical meteorological year weather file by a morphing method. Through this work, six sets of future weather files for subtropical Hong Kong were produced. A typical office building and a residential flat were modeled using building simulation program EnergyPlus. Hourly building energy simulations were carried out. The simulated results indicate that there will be substantial increase in A/C energy consumption under the impact of future climate change, ranging from 2.6% to 14.3% and from 3.7% to 24% for office building and residential flat, respectively.     

美国国家建筑能耗统计概况

建筑能耗数据是建筑节能的依据和指导。美国是全世界建筑能耗数据信息最详细、最完善的国家之一。本文介绍了美国公共建筑和住宅建筑的能耗统计(CBECS和RECS),包括其管理概况、能耗调查方法、数据处理模型和估算,以及建筑能耗信息公开管理。     

北京市农村住宅节能研究

农村建筑节能是建筑节能整体工作的重点之一,本文首先通过对北京房山区农村居住建筑围护结构的调研和测试,获得了大量的统计及实测数据。而后对建筑围护结构状况和室内环境进行深入分析,并将调研测试结果和模拟分析相结合,更有效、更准确地模拟该类建筑的能耗,为今后的节能分析和改造设计提供依据。     

住宅建筑能耗的动态模拟

介绍了美国能耗模拟软件Energy Plus的计算原理与功能，运用Energy Plus对天津某住宅小区的建筑能耗进行了一定周期的模拟计算。模拟计算和实际测量结果的对比表明，该软件能够用于建筑能量动态负荷的定量计算和定性分析。     

Assessing the value of information in residential building simulation: Comparing simulated and actual building loads at the circuit leve

Building energy simulation tools are now being used in a number of new roles such as building operation optimization,performance verification for efficiency programs,and-recently-building energy code analysis,design, and compliance verification in the residential sector. But increasing numbers of studies show major differences between the results of these simulations and the actual measured performance of the buildings they are intended to model. The accuracy and calibration of building simulations have been studied extensively in the commercial sector,but these new applications have created a need to better understand the performance of home energy simulations.In this paper,we assess the ability of the DOE's EnergyPlus software to simulate the energy consumption of 106 homes using audit records,homeowner survey records,and occupancy estimates taken from monitored data.We compare the results of these simulations to device-level monitored data from the actual homes to provide a first measure of the accuracy of the EnergyPlus condensing unit, central air supply fan, and other energy consumption model estimates in a large number of homes.We then conduct sensitivity analysis to observe which physical and behavioral characteristics of the homes and homeowners most influence the accuracy of the modeling.Results show that EnergyPlus models do not accurately or consistently estimate occupied whole-home energy consumption.While some models accurately predict annual energy consumption to within1%of measured data, none of the modeled homes meet ASHRAE criteria for a calibrated model when looking at hourly interval data. The majority of this error is due to appliance and lighting energy overestimates,f ollowed by AC condensing unit use. These inaccuracies are due to factors such as occupant behaviors and differences in appliance and lighting stocks which are not well-captured in traditional energy audit reports.We identify a number of factors which must be specified for an accurate model, and others where using a default value will produce a similar result.The use of building simulation tools reflects a shift from a component-focused approach to a systems approach to residential code analysis and compliance verification that will serve to better identify and deploy efficiency measures in homes. By better understanding the limitations of home energy simulations and adopting strategies to mitigate the effects of model errors, simulation models can serve as valuable decision making tools in the residential sector.     

成都地区居住建筑节能潜力与途径的分析探讨

深入分析各项节能技术是推动建筑节能的基础工作。本文首先采用DeST-h、WINDOWS5．2软件模拟实际项目全年采暖空调能耗,计算能量转换效率。而后模拟了,外窗型式对采暖空凋能耗的影响,比较采用屋顶隔热、热反射涂料与提高空凋EER等措施的节能效果。最后,探讨了该地区居住建筑节能的潜力和途径。     

住区徽热环境测试方法

城市住区微热环境是城市热环境的重要构成部分,直接影响居住者的室外生活热舒适性以及建筑能耗和空调系统运行性能。住区室外微热环境测试对描述和评价热环境质量、获取热环境设计方面的经验、建立室外微热环境数学模型有重要意义。本文总结了针对不同目的的住区室外微热环境测试的项目、仪器、数据采集和处理方法,对某住宅小区冬季微热环境进行了描述和评价,并验证了风环境的数值模拟结果,提出了住区微热环境的测试方法应根据研究目的来选择确定。     

Use-phase memory: A tool for the sustainable construction and renovation of residential buildings

Residents' usages and behavior play a determining role in the variability of the energy consumption and environmental impact of residential buildings during their use-phase. At present, however, they are inadequately documented and understood, as well as being highly variable. In this paper, we propose a use-phase memory model for residential buildings, whose aim is to store energy consumption and usage patterns. This storage can be done automatically or voluntarily. We give examples of useful information extracted from the data captured. The objective of this data analysis and synthesis is to provide building experts two specific use-cases: designing a new sustainable building, and renovating an existing one. Our model is deployed on a residential building, integrating the beneficial services for all stakeholders to demonstrate a sustainable relationship between designers, the residential building and the users.     

A statistical method to investigate national energy consumption in the residential building sector of China

The purpose of this research is to found a national statistical system of energy consumption in the residential building sector of China, so as to look into the actuality of residential energy consumption, and to provide data support for building energy efficiency work in China. The frame of a national statistical system of residential energy consumption is presented in this paper, according to current status of the climate, social and historic conditions, and energy consumption characteristics in the five architecture climate divisions in China. The statistical index system of residential energy consumption is constituted which refers to housing unit characteristics, household characteristics, possession and utilization of energy consuming equipment, and residential energy consumption quantities. This index system suits for all the different utilization structures of residential energy consumption in different architecture climate divisions. On this base, a complete set of statistical reports is worked out to measure the energy consumption of cities, provinces and the country stage by stage. Finally the statistical method above is applied to measure residential energy consumption by case studies, in order to validate the feasibility of this method. The research in this paper covers the first step of the elaboration of the statistical method to investigate energy consumption in China, and more work will be done in future to further impel national statistics of residential energy consumption.     

对热舒适、空气感觉质量及能耗的模拟研究

室内空调设计温度和新风量对热舒适，室内空气质量及能耗量有重要影响，然而对它们之间相互关系进行研究的文献却较少。通过计算机模拟空调系统在7种室内设计温度和7种新风量条件下的运行情况，得到不同的设计条件组合对热舒适、人体感觉空气质量及建筑能耗量的影响。基于这项分析，提出了此办公建筑合理的室内设计温度和新风量取值。     

Energy optimal control of a residential space-conditioning system based on sensible heat transfer modeling

Nowadays most HVAC systems for residential building in the Unites States use a single-zone, two-position control system which is simple and easy to manage. However, this two-position control system has its disadvantage for its unsatisfactory thermal comfort and energy efficiency. This paper presents a proportional control system for the residential building by seting up the dynamic simulation for the building and the control system. The state-space method is used to model the building system and the simulation code is implemented on MATLABTM. Under this model, optimization of the controller is possible and implemented. The thermal comfort and energy efficiency are compared under the different schemes. It has been found that proportional control is advantageous to the two-position control for the thermal comfort while there is not much difference in energy consumption between two control schemes. However, in this work the furnace was operated without any minimum run time and under continuous data sampling.     

上海地区住宅围护结构性能对全年空调采暖能耗的分析

将根据《夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准》,采用逐时能耗分析软件Equest-3.6(DOE-2.2)建立基本模型,采用上海典型气象年8760h气象参数进行能耗模拟,在能耗模拟的基础上对建筑的全年能耗进行分析。据此提出各项围护结构优化设计方案,并对各方案的经济性和可行性进行分析。最后对各优化方案进行合理的组合,建立一个综合优化模型。结果表明在住宅建筑中,用于制冷和供热的能耗占住宅总能耗的60%～70%;围护结构的性能对住宅的室内热环境和能耗有较大的影响,围护结构的优化可大幅降低建筑的空调和制冷能耗。     

华北地区采暖居住建筑全年能耗分析

采用DOE-2动态冷热负荷模拟计算软件对华北地区既有建筑节能改造前后的全年建筑能耗进行了分析,提出了华北地区既有建筑节能改造节能效益分析的新观点,即华北地区既有建筑节能改造要分析冬夏两季的全年综合节能效益,同时应计入热源和电力建设初投资费用的节省,这对推动我国华北地区既有建筑的节能改造具有积极意义。     

Influence of climate change on the energy efficiency of light-weight steel residential buildings

This paper addresses the influence of the climate change scenarios predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) for Southern Europe and the Mediterranean region on the energy efficiency of light-weight steel residential buildings. A performance-based approach is adopted to carry out this assessment using advanced dynamic simulation of the operational energy performance. Based on a typical Portuguese cold-formed steel residential building, a representative numerical model is calibrated against normative requirements for dynamic simulation of thermal behaviour and sophisticated computational fluid dynamics models. Considering climate change scenarios predicted by the IPCC, a parametric study is carried out to assess the influence of climate change on the energy efficiency of light-weight steel residential buildings representative of a warm temperate summer dry climatic region.