基于多目标规划的模糊C均值聚类算法

模糊C均值聚类算法(FCM)是一种非常经典的非监督聚类技术,已被广泛地应用到医学图像分割。由于传统的FCM聚类算法在分割图像时仅利用了图像的灰度信息,未利用图像的空间信息,在分割叠加了噪声的磁共振(MR)图像时分割效果不理想。考虑到脑部MR图像真实的灰度值具有分片为常数的特性,按照合理利用图像空间信息的原则,对传统的FCM聚类算法进行了改进,引入多目标规划的概念,提出了一种新的,更加合理的应用图像空间信息的聚类算法。实验结果表明,应用该算法可以有效地分割含有噪声的图像。     

基于隶属度光滑约束的模糊C均值聚类算法

传统的FCM聚类算法未利用图像的空间信息,在分割叠加了噪声的MR图像时分割效果不理想。本文考虑到脑部MR图像真实的灰度值具有分片为常数的特性,按照合理利用图像空间信息的原则,对传统的FCM聚类算法进行了改进,增加了使隶属度趋向于分片光滑的约束项,得到了新的聚类算法。通过对模拟脑部MR图像和临床脑部MR图像的分割实验结果表明,本文提出的新算法比传统的FCM算法等多种图像分割算法有更精确的图像分割能力,并且运算简单、运算速度快、稳健性好。     

Fuzzy c-means clustering with non local spatial information for noisy image segmentation

As an effective image segmentation method, the standard fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm is very sensitive to noise in images. Several modified FCM algorithms, using local spatial information, can overcome this problem to some degree. However, when the noise level in the image is high, these algorithms still cannot obtain satisfactory segmentation performance. In this paper, we introduce a non local spatial constraint term into the objective function of FCM and propose a fuzzy cmeans clustering algorithm with non local spatial information (FCM_NLS). FCM_NLS can deal more effectively with the image noise and preserve geometrical edges in the image. Performance evaluation experiments on synthetic and real images, especially magnetic resonance (MR) images, show that FCM_NLS is more robust than both the standard FCM and the modified FCM algorithms using local spatial information for noisy image segmentation.     

基于Canopy聚类的噪声自适应模糊C-均值算法

针对局部空间信息的模糊C-均值算法（WFLICM）中空间影响因子容易受到噪声影响出现错误标识的问题,提出一种融合局部和非局部空间信息的模糊C-均值聚类图像分割算法(NLWFLICM),在WFLICM算法的模糊影响因子中引入非局部空间信息,根据噪声程度自适应地设置局部和非局部信息权重,并重新标记中心点的模糊影响因子。实验结果表明,NLWFLICM算法具有比WFLICM算法更强的鲁棒性和自适应性,并在一定程度上提高了WFLICM算法对含有大量噪声图像进行分割的鲁棒性,同时保留了图像的纹理。为了提高算法的聚类性能和收敛速度,结合Canopy算法能够快速对数据进行粗聚类的优点,提出基于Canopy聚类与非局部空间信息的FCM图像分割改进算法（Canopy-NLWFLICM）,可以在NLWFLICM算法聚类前,对聚类中心进行预处理,从而提高收敛速度和图像分割精度。     

融入空间信息的医学图像优质分割

传统的FCM分割算法只考虑到图像的灰度信息,而忽略了灰度的空间信息,对于迭加了噪声的图像,难以得到准确的结果。从马尔可夫随机场（MRF）中得到启示,考虑到图像灰度信息及其空间分布出发,提出了一种新的基于邻域（Neighbor）信息FCM分割算法,即NFCM算法。实验结果表明该算法所得到的目标图像的边界特征保持完好,图像边界细腻、连续且定位性能好。     

FCM与马氏空间约束条件下的快速图像分割技术研究*

提出了一种FCM与马氏空间约束的快速图像分割技术.在FCM图像分割算法的基础上,引入了Markov 随机场用以描述图像分割中的空间约束信息,并通过多级级联的方式获得最后的图像分割结果.这样既克服了传统模糊C均值聚类算法只考虑图像中的数值特征信息,忽略像素间的空间约束关系的缺点,又最大限度地保证了分割算法计算的简单有效性.实验证明,与其他模糊C均值聚类算法相比,本文方法有更好的可靠性与有效性.     

自适应非局部空间约束与K-L信息的模糊C-均值噪声图像分割算法

针对传统模糊C-均值聚类(FCM)算法对噪声鲁棒性差的问题, 提出一种自适应非局部空间约束与K-L信息 的模糊C-均值噪声图像分割算法. 首先, 通过定义平滑度, 设计自适应匹配函数, 实现非局部空间信息项搜索窗口和 邻域窗口的自适应计算, 克服非局部空间信息窗口大小固定的问题. 其次, 将K-L信息引入目标函数, 利用隐马尔可 夫模型计算图像像素的上下文信息, 减少分割的模糊性. 最后, 利用原始图像和非局部空间信息项局部方差的绝对 差和其倒数自适应约束原始图像和非局部空间信息项, 实现约束项参数的自适应选择, 提高算法的灵活性. 含噪合 成图像和彩色图像分割实验表明, 该算法在分割精准度、平均交互比、归一化互信息、模糊分割系数和模糊划分熵 等性能方面均优于其他几种FCM算法. 例如, 在混合噪声密度为15%的条件下, 算法的模糊分割系数和模糊划分熵 分别达到99.92%和0.14%.     

A fast and robust image segmentation using FCM with spatial information

Automated segmentation of images has been considered an important intermediate processing task to extract semantic meaning from pixels. In general, the fuzzy c-means approach (FCM) is highly effective for image segmentation. But for the conventional FCM image segmentation algorithm, cluster assignment is based solely on the distribution of pixel attributes in the feature space, and the spatial distribution of pixels in an image is not taken into consideration. In this paper, we present a novel FCM image segmentation scheme by utilizing local contextual information and the high inter-pixel correlation inherent. Firstly, a local spatial similarity measure model is established, and the initial clustering center and initial membership are determined adaptively based on local spatial similarity measure model. Secondly, the fuzzy membership function is modified according to the high inter-pixel correlation inherent. Finally, the image is segmented by using the modified FCM algorithm. Experimental results showed the proposed method achieves competitive segmentation results compared to other FCM-based methods, and is in general faster.     

基于多链量子蜂群算法的模糊聚类图像分割

针对传统模糊C-均值聚类算法对初始值和噪声敏感的缺点,提出了一种基于多链量子蜂群算法的模糊C-均值聚类算法。首先,将多链拓展编码方案应用到量子蜂群算法中,提出了多链量子蜂群算法;其次,利用多链量子蜂群算法来优化模糊C-均值聚类的初始聚类中心;最后,设计一种新的利用多链量子蜂群算法优化模糊C-均值聚类中心的图像分割算法。实验结果表明,所提出的基于多链量子蜂群算法的模糊C-均值聚类图像分割算法是有效的,相对于传统模糊C-均值聚类算法及基于模糊的人工蜂群算法,所提算法在分割正确率、分割速度及鲁棒性上均更有效。     

Improved fuzzy clustering algorithm with non-local information for image segmentation

Fuzzy C-means(FCM) has been adopted to perform image segmentation due to its simplicity and efficiency. Nevertheless it is sensitive to noise and other image artifacts because of not considering spatial information. Up to now, a series of improved FCM algorithms have been proposed, including fuzzy local information C-means clustering algorithm(FLICM). In FLICM, one fuzzy factor is introduced as a fuzzy local similarity measure, which can control the trade-off between noise and details. However, the fuzzy factor in FLICM cannot estimate the damping extent of neighboring pixels accurately, which will result in poor performance in images of high-level noise. Aiming at solving this problem, this paper proposes an improved fuzzy clustering algorithm, which introduces pixel relevance into the fuzzy factor and could estimate the damping extent accurately. As a result, non-local context information can be utilized in the improved algorithm, which can improve the performance in restraining image artifacts. Experimental results on synthetic, medical and natural images show that the proposed algorithm performs better than current improved algorithms.     

基于小波图像融合算法和改进FCM聚类的MR脑部图像分割算法

针对很多基于模糊C均值(FCM)的图像分割算法存在对噪声敏感和分割轮廓不清晰等问题,提出一种基于小波变换图像融合算法和FCM聚类算法的MR医学图像分割算法。在图像分割系统的第一阶段,利用Haar小波多分辨率特性保持像素间的空间信息;第二阶段,利用小波图像融合算法对得到的多分辨率图像和原始图像进行融合,进而增强被处理图像的清晰度并降低噪声;第三阶段,利用改进型FCM技术对所处理的图像进行分割。在BrainWeb数据集上进行实验,与现有相关算法相比,提出的算法具有较高的分割精度,且对噪声的鲁棒性比较强,处理时间也没有明显增加。     

Improved spatial fuzzy c-means clustering for image segmentation using PSO initialization,Mahalanobis distance and post-segmentation correction

In this paper, we propose an improvement method for image segmentation using the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm (FCM). This algorithm is widely experimented in the field of image segmentation with very successful results. In this work, we suggest further improving these results by acting at three different levels. The first is related to the fuzzy c-means algorithm itself by improving the initialization step using a metaheuristic optimization. The second level is concerned with the integration of the spatial gray-level information of the image in the clustering segmentation process and the use of Mahalanobis distance to reduce the influence of the geometrical shape of the different classes. The final level corresponds to refining the segmentation results by correcting the errors of clustering by reallocating the potentially misclassified pixels. The proposed method, named improved spatial fuzzy c-means IFCMS, was evaluated on several test images including both synthetic images and simulated brain MRI images from the McConnell Brain Imaging Center (BrainWeb) database. This method is compared to the most used FCM-based algorithms of the literature. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the ideas presented.     

SOM and fuzzy based color image segmentation

Spatial information enhances the quality of clustering which is not utilized in the conventional FCM. Normally fuzzy c-mean (FCM) algorithm is not used for color image segmentation and also it is not robust against noise. In this paper, we presented a modified version of fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm that incorporates spatial information into the membership function for clustering of color images A progressive technique based on SOM is used to automatically find the number of optimal clusters. The results show that our technique outperforms state-of-the art methods.     

Adaptive spatial information-theoretic clustering for image segmentation

The incorporation of spatial context into clustering algorithms for image segmentation has recently received a significant amount of attention. Many modified clustering algorithms have been proposed and proven to be effective for image segmentation. In this paper, we propose a different framework for incorporating spatial information with the aim of achieving robust and accurate segmentation in case of mixed noise without using experimentally set parameters based on the original robust information clustering (RIC) algorithm, called adaptive spatial information-theoretic clustering (ASIC) algorithm. The proposed objective function has a new dissimilarity measure, and the weighting factor for neighborhood effect is fully adaptive to the image content. It enhances the smoothness towards piecewise-homogeneous segmentation and reduces the edge blurring effect. Furthermore, a unique characteristic of the new information segmentation algorithm is that it has the capabilities to eliminate outliers at different stages of the ASIC algorithm. These result in improved segmentation result by identifying and relabeling the outliers in a relatively stronger noisy environment. Comprehensive experiments and a new information-theoretic proof are carried out to illustrate that our new algorithm can consistently improve the segmentation result while effectively handles the edge blurring effect. The experimental results with both synthetic and real images demonstrate that the proposed method is effective and robust to mixed noise and the algorithm outperforms other popular spatial clustering variants.     

Fuzzy c-means clustering with weighted image patch for image segmentation

Fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering has been widely used in image segmentation. However, in spite of its computational efficiency and wide-spread prevalence, the FCM algorithm does not take the spatial information of pixels into consideration, and hence may result in low robustness to noise and less accurate segmentation. In this paper, we propose the weighted image patch-based FCM (WIPFCM) algorithm for image segmentation. In this algorithm, we use image patches to replace pixels in the fuzzy clustering, and construct a weighting scheme to able the pixels in each image patch to have anisotropic weights. Thus, the proposed algorithm incorporates local spatial information embedded in the image into the segmentation process, and hence improve its robustness to noise. We compared the novel algorithm to several state-of-the-art segmentation approaches in synthetic images and clinical brain MR studies. Our results show that the proposed WIPFCM algorithm can effectively overcome the impact of noise and substantially improve the accuracy of image segmentations.     

非局部降噪快速模糊C-均值聚类算法

传统的模糊C-均值聚类算法未利用图像的空间信息,在分割迭加了噪声的MR图像时分割精度较差。采用了既能有效去除噪声又能较好地保持图像边缘特征的非局部降噪方法,结合基于图像灰度直方图聚类分析的快速模糊C-均值聚类算法,得到了一种具有较高分割精度的图像快速分割算法。通过对模拟图像、仿真脑部MR图像和临床脑部MR图像的分割实验,表明提出的新算法比已有的快速模糊C-均值聚类算法有更精确的图像分割能力。     

基于模糊隶属度空间约束的FCM图像分割

针对模糊C均值(FCM)算法对噪声较为敏感,提出了基于隶属度空间约束的FCM图像分割方法,该方法将隶属度空间约束关系引入到FCM目标函数,在新的目标函数中,像素点的隶属度不仅仅与FCM标准目标函数有关,还与其领域像素点的隶属度有关。由于融合了图像像素点的空间信息,反映了领域像素点间的隶属度关联信息,因此该算法具有较强的杭噪性能。     

Image Segmentation Based on Adaptive Cluster Prototype Estimation

An image segmentation algorithm based on adaptive fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering is presented in this paper. In the conventional FCM clustering algorithm, cluster assignment is based solely on the distribution of pixel attributes in the feature space, and does not take into consideration the spatial distribution of pixels in an image. By introducing a novel dissimilarity index in the modified FCM objective function, the new adaptive fuzzy clustering algorithm is capable of utilizing local contextual information to impose local spatial continuity, thus exploiting the high inter-pixel correlation inherent in most real-world images. The incorporation of local spatial continuity allows the suppression of noise and helps to resolve classification ambiguity. To account for smooth intensity variation within each homogenous region in an image, a multiplicative field is introduced to each of the fixed FCM cluster prototype. The multiplicative field effectively makes the fixed cluster prototype adaptive to slow smooth within-cluster intensity variation, and allows homogenous regions with slow smooth intensity variation to be segmented as a whole. Experimental results with synthetic and real color images have shown the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

基于马氏距离的FCM图像分割算法

基于模糊C均值聚类的图像分割是应用较为广泛的方法之一,但大多数模糊C均值聚类方法都是基于欧式距离,且存在运算时间过长等问题。提出了一种基于Mahalanobis距离的模糊C均值聚类图像分割算法。实验分析表明,提出的算法在保证分割质量的前提下,能较快提高分割速度。实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

基于改进的FCM的人脑MR图像分割

传统模糊C均值广泛应用于图像分割,它是一种经典的模棚聚类分析方法,但是FCM算法对于初始值的选择都是采取随机的方法,强烈依赖于初始值的选择,收敛结果容易陷入局部最小值,并且FCM并没有考虑图像的空间信息,因而对噪声十分敏感。提出改进的FCM方法,采用新的方法确定初始值的选择,然后考虑空间信息,利用Gibbs随机场的性质引入先验邻域约束信息,重新确定像素的模糊隶属度值,同时再进一步地调整距离矩阵。通过实验可以表明,此改进的方法具有很好的分割效果,同时对噪声具有较强的鲁棒性。