KOH活化碳气凝胶对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

以间苯二酚和甲醛为原料水热制备有机气凝胶,在碳化过程中使用KOH作活化剂制备出孔结构丰富的碳气凝胶。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及N2吸脱附法等手段对材料的结构及形貌表征,考察了活化剂用量、染料初始浓度、接触时间等因素对亚甲基蓝在碳气凝胶上吸附的影响,并进行了吸附类型和吸附动力学研究。结果表明:活化剂的加入使碳气凝胶材料的孔结构更加丰富,当活化剂与有机气凝胶的质量比达到2∶1时,其吸附性能最佳。碳气凝胶去除亚甲基蓝的吸附行为符合二级动力学模型。吸附类型为Langmuir吸附模型。     

钯掺杂碳气凝胶的制备及表征

采用溶胶-凝胶合成、离子交换、溶剂交换、CO2超临界干燥技术制备了2,4-二羟基苯甲酸钯-甲醛有机气凝胶,并经1050℃高温碳化处理得到其碳气凝胶,获得了最高理论密度为21%、最低理论密度为2%的气凝胶,发现随着溶液浓度的降低和酸性的增强,气凝胶的凝胶时间延长.采用热重分析、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱对样品进行了分析,观察了掺钯前后其断面形貌,掺钯后碳气凝胶中除具有碳的微晶外,还具有明显的晶体峰.     

间苯三酚-甲醛气凝胶的制备及氢吸附性能研究

以间苯三酚和甲醛为前驱体制备出了间苯三酚-甲醛气凝胶(PF)及碳气凝胶(CPF),并对气凝胶的结构进行了表征;采用自动吸附仪测定了1.01×10Pa内和液氮温度下PF/CPF气凝胶的氢吸附性能.实验结果表明在该条件下PF/CPF气凝胶氢吸附等温线为第一类微孔型吸附等温线;氢吸附量质量密度分别为1.73%和2.42%,碳化能显著提高气凝胶的氢吸附性能,有望通过改善气凝胶的结构增加微孔数量来提高氢吸附量以实现实际应用.     

酚醛基碳气凝胶的常压制备及电化学应用

本研究利用线性酚醛树脂体系,以溶胶-凝胶法在常压条件下制得有机气凝胶,并进一步碳化制备出碳气凝胶.研究发现,该碳气凝胶经过KOH活化后,具有微/介/大孔的分级孔结构,且比表面高达2091.87 m2·g-1.对材料进行电化学性能研究发现,其在1 A·g-1电流密度下,比电容为282.3 F·g-1.在600 W·kg-...     

炭气凝胶及其有机气凝胶前驱体的吸附性能

间苯二酚和糠醛的醇溶液在六次甲基四胺催化下经溶胶-凝胶过程合成醇凝胶,常压干燥后得到有机气凝胶,经炭化获得炭气凝胶.利用TEM和N2吸附表征了炭气凝胶及其有机气凝胶前驱体的结构,并通过有机蒸汽吸附实验研究了气凝胶的结构-吸附性能关系.实验结果表明：有机气凝胶和炭气凝胶对极性有机蒸汽的静态饱和吸附量高于对非极性有机蒸汽的静态饱和吸附量;提高热处理温度,有利于气凝胶对低浓度极性有机蒸汽和各种浓度非极性有机蒸汽的吸附,但不利于对高浓度极性有机蒸汽的吸附;随着有机蒸汽浓度的提高,气凝胶对极性有机蒸汽的吸附量明显增大,但对非极性有机蒸汽的吸附量影响不大,仅略微上升.此外,气凝胶的室温脱附率高达60 %～85 %.     

有机气凝胶的磺化研究

选用纳米结构有机气凝胶为基体,通过磺化制备强酸型有机气凝胶吸附分离材料.阐明有机气凝胶的制备工艺(磺化温度、磺化时间、磺化剂浓度及固液比)对产品性能的影响.制得纳米网络状强酸型吸附分离材料,其交换容量可达6～7mmol/g,具有较好的应用前景.     

有机气凝胶和碳气凝胶的研究与应用

有机气凝胶与碳气凝胶是国际上近年来相继研制成功的新型纳米多孔性材料。介绍了有机气凝胶与碳气凝胶的制备过程、基本性质及应用前景。     

反应物浓度对新型碳气凝胶结构性能的影响

以间苯三酚(P)、间苯二酚(R)和甲醛(F)为原料,按一定物质的量比混合,配制成不同浓度的反应物水溶液,经过溶胶-凝胶、溶剂置换、常温干燥以及高温碳化等过程,制备出碳气凝胶。采用硬度计测量碳气凝胶的硬度,使用扫描电镜和比表面积分析仪对碳气凝胶的微结构进行表征。结果表明:反应物浓度的改变对碳气凝胶硬度的影响不大;随着反应物浓度的增加,碳气凝胶的比表面积先减小后增加,比表面积范围为800~1200m2/g,孔径分布主要集中在10~30nm。     

纤维素碳气凝胶的制备、性质及应用

纤维素碳气凝胶是一种新型多孔碳材料，具有比表面积高、亲油疏水、回弹性高、导电性优异等优点，在吸附、电化学、电磁屏蔽、传感器、催化剂载体、智能穿戴等领域具有广阔的应用前景。首先介绍了纤维素的性质及种类，阐述了纤维素碳气凝胶的制备流程如溶胶-凝胶、干燥成型、碳化、活化等工艺过程，总结了纤维素碳气凝胶的独特性质，介绍了现有的应用研究成果，最后提出了纤维素基碳气凝胶未来发展的挑战与趋势。     

直接还原碳化法制备TiC-WC-Ni超细粉末

TiC-WC是一种重要的复式碳化物,原料粉末颗粒的大小对材料的性能有重要影响.以TiCl4、AMT、Ni(NO3)2为主要原料,采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制得纳米氧化物复合粉末,再经直接还原碳化合成了TiC-WC-Ni超细粉末,研究了碳化温度对反应的影响.结果表明,用该方法可以在1580℃碳化2h制备出粒径为0.2～0.3μm的超细TiC-WC-Ni粉末,其制备温度比传统碳化温度低100℃以上.     

轻质高效保温材料掺杂硅气凝胶

利用正硅酸甲脂（ＴＭＯＳ）为原料的溶胶－凝胶过程，摸索了不同反应条件下形成凝胶的规律，并选用ＴｉＯ２粉末及玻璃纤维作为掺杂剂，采用超临界干燥处理制备出掺ＴｉＯ２的硅气凝胶，通过对红外光谱以及不同温度和气压条件下热导率的测量，讨论了不同成份配比以及相应的热传输过程对材料热导率的影响。结果表明，密度为２６０ｋｇ／ｍ＾３的掺杂硅气凝胶在８００Ｋ时的热导率为０．０３８ｗ／ｍ．ｋ，是一种新型的轻质高效保温材     

A switchable hydrophilicity solvent mediated process to prepare fine silica aerogel powder as an excellent flatting agent

This work demonstrates a facile two-step method to produce fine silica aerogel powder from silica hydrogel by using N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (CyNMe₂) as a CO₂-mediated switchable hydrophilicity solvent. The solvent can almost be totally recycled. More than 70% pore water from silica hydrogel was removed by a quick CO₂ reaction with CyNMe₂ to form a water miscible phase. The silica cake was then dried under ambient pressure with assistance of ethyl acetate as an azeotropic agent. The N₂ adsorption-desorption analysis showed that, the as-prepared silica aerogel powder from a typical hydrogel had a BET surface area of 507.8?m²/g, BJH pore volume of 2.6?cm³/g, and an average pore size of 29.1?nm. The pore volume as well as a narrow particle size distribution (D₅₀?=?6.7?μm) significantly affected the application of the as-produced silica aerogel powder as a flatting agent (FA). Film transmittance index was additionally applied for comparison of the transparence of the applied FA beside the normal extinction index as the performance index. The extinction indices of 61.7 and 52.8% and film transmittance indices of 78.3 and 86.1%, separately for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic applications were measured, hence revealing excellent performance of the as-produced silica aerogel powder.     

柔性有机硅气凝胶的制备及其高温无机化转变研究

二氧化硅气凝胶以其低密度、高孔隙率等特性在高温隔热领域显示出广阔的应用前景, 但其脆性和高成本的超临界干燥方式限制了其应用。本研究以乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMS)和乙烯基甲基二甲氧基硅烷(VMDMS)为前驱体, 通过溶胶凝胶、常压干燥制备了具有高柔性的海绵状有机硅气凝胶, 并研究了前驱体摩尔比对气凝胶微观结构和压缩回弹性能的影响, 以及气凝胶分别在高温有氧和无氧环境中的无机化转变过程。结果表明, 随着前驱体中VTMS/VMDMS比例增加, 气凝胶颗粒变小且堆积更紧密, 其压缩回弹性能也随之降低; 在800 ℃空气氛围中, 气凝胶通过侧基的氧化和主链Si-O-Si的断裂、重排转化为无机SiO₂; 在800 ℃ N₂氛围中, 气凝胶通过裂解反应转化为无机SiO₂和游离碳的混合体, 1000~1400 ℃进一步处理后SiO₂和游离碳经碳热还原反应生成SiO₄、SiCO₃、SiC₂O₂和SiC₃O等无定形的Si-O-C结构和少量β-SiC纳米线; 经1200 ℃碳热还原反应生成的Si-O-C结构具有最优的耐高温氧化性能, 可为制备耐高温氧化Si-O-C气凝胶提供参考。     

耐高温氧化铝气凝胶隔热复合材料研究进展

氧化铝气凝胶是一种高孔隙率、低密度、高比表面积、耐高温和低热导的纳米多孔材料,在高温隔热领域(如航天飞行器热防护系统、工业窑炉保温材料等)具有广阔的应用前景.但是,纯氧化铝气凝胶因耐温性(1000℃以上)、力学性能和高温隔热性能相对较差难以直接应用,需要引入增强相和遮光组分制备成气凝胶复合材料以进行改善.本文对耐高温氧...     

Effect of Sol-Gel Processing Parameters on Optical Properties of TMOS Silica Aerogels

To optimize and produce silica aerogels with high direct transmittance and low diffusive values, systematic and detailed experiments were carried out on the effect of sol-gel processing parameters on optical properties of silica aerogels. A series of aerogel samples of different molar ratio combinations was optically examined in the UV–visible–NIR range by a spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere. The overall transmittance of the aerogels in the visible range varied from 75 to 93% depending upon the molar ratio combination. The most relevant parameter being studied was the direct/hemispherical transmittance ratio (). The best value of obtained for an aerogel in the present study was about 93% with a molar ratio of 1 TMOS: 12 MeOH:4 H₂O:3.5 × 10^–3 NH₄OH, respectively. Apart from visible transparencies, solar energetic transparencies of some silica aerogels were also measured and reported. These optical data, together with the porosity measurements, allowed us to improve the process of fabrication of low-diffusing aerogel material. The experimental results are discussed considering the percentage of porosity and heterogeneity generated in pore size distributions due to the variation of sol-gel processing parameters.     

Preparation and characterization of silica aerogels from oil shale ash

The silica aerogels were successfully synthesized using oil shale ash which is a by-product of oil shale processing via ambient pressure drying. The physical and textural properties of the silica aerogels have been investigated and discussed. The results showed that the organic modification of hydrogels was a crucial step during the processing which preserved mesopores in ambient pressure drying. The unmodified hydrogel underwent tremendous shrinkage during the drying and yielded microporous silica aerogel. Using this novel route, it could produce silica aerogel with low tapping density of 0.074 g/cm³, high specific surface (909 m²/g) and cumulative pore volume of 2.54 cm³/g. From the industrial point of view, the present process is quite suitable for a large scale production of powdered silica aerogel. Furthermore, it provides a new way to solve the problem of oil shale ash pollution.     

碳纳米纤维增强聚酰亚胺复合气凝胶的合成与性能EI北大核心CSCD

以4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)、均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)为单体,酸化碳纳米纤维(a-CNF)为增强材料,采用溶胶-凝胶方式成型,运用冷冻干燥技术制备PI复合气凝胶。对复合气凝胶的形貌、隔热、吸波以及压缩性能等进行表征分析。研究结果表明:随着a-CNF含量的增加,PI复合气凝胶的收缩率从45.52%降至35.32%,密度也随之从0.084 g/cm^(3)降至0.069 g/cm^(3),气凝胶孔洞分布呈增大增宽趋势。a-CNF的引入有效抑制了PI复合气凝胶的收缩率,热导率降低;整个体系的导电损耗增加,同时由于气凝胶的多孔结构提供了较好的阻抗匹配,使得PI复合气凝胶的反射损耗(RL)在8.3 GHz达到-9.7 dB。加入质量分数为15%的CNF/PI复合气凝胶压缩强度和压缩模量分别是纯PI气凝胶的近1.5倍和2倍。     

亚临界干燥制备疏水SiO_2气凝胶

以Ｅ－４０（多聚硅氧烷）为硅源、三甲基氯硅烷的异丁醇溶液为干燥介质,用溶胶凝胶法,在亚临界条件下制备出疏水的ＳｉＯ２气凝胶．通过ＳＥＭ、孔径分布、比表面积、接触角以及红外光谱的测试对其物性进行了研究．结果表明,所制备的ＳｉＯ２气凝胶具有典型的纳米网络结构、比表面积大且具有疏水性能．亚临界干燥使得制备压力从６．４ＭＰａ降低到２．３ＭＰａ,降低了制备成本和风险,同时疏水性能提高了ＳｉＯ２气凝胶环境适应性,从而十分有利于气凝胶的商业应用．