离子膜法替代石墨阳极隔膜法生产烧碱的经济效益分析

采用凯膜过滤精制一次盐水、螯合树脂塔精制二次盐水及复极电解槽等技术,用离子膜法烧碱生产工艺替代石墨阳极隔膜法烧碱生产工艺,具有产品质量好、纯度高、能耗低、污染小、操作灵活、安全可靠等优点。该4万t／a离子膜法烧碱生产装置固定资产投资为4000万元,投资回收期3．4年,每年销售收入比同等规模的石墨阳极隔膜法烧碱生产装置增加5052万元。     

烧碱生产中的节水措施

2005年前,中盐湖南株洲化工集团有限公司（以下简称“中盐株化”）烧碱厂仅有10万t／a隔膜法烧碱装置,2004—2007年又陆续上14万t／a离子膜法烧碱生产装置。目前,中盐株化烧碱厂的生产规模为隔膜法烧碱6万t／a、离子膜法烧碱14万t／a。随着生产规模的不断扩大和国家对环保治理的力度加大,自来水用量和相应的排污费上升,产品的生产成本大大增加。从2006年开始,中盐株化烧碱厂加大了节水装置的投入,     

山东省氯碱等行业借助淘汰落后产能提升产业层次

山东省新龙电化集团主动淘汰隔膜法烧碱装置,新建的20万t／a离子膜法烧碱装置比隔膜法烧碱节煤9万t／a,这是山东省化工企业淘汰落后产能、提升产业层次的一个缩影。     

潜江仙桥15万t/a膜极距烧碱技改项目环评公示

正2014年3月,潜江市仙桥化学制品有限公司15万t/a膜极距离子膜全卤制碱装置技改升级项目环境影响评价进行第一次公示。该技改项目拟淘汰原有技术落后、能耗高、污染大的2.7万t/a隔膜法烧碱,采用技术先进、能耗低、清洁生产工艺的离子膜法烧碱工艺。为充分利用现有5万t/a离子膜法电解系统(包含二次盐水精制、淡盐水脱氯、阴/阳极液系     

国内外简讯

山东恒通化工20万t/a离子膜法烧碱装置投产2011年7月13日,山东恒通化工股份有限公司40万t/a离子膜法烧碱第1期20万t/a工程顺利通过72 h测试,一次开车成功。该项目投产后,山东恒通化工将逐步淘汰25万t/a隔膜法烧碱装置。山东恒通化工40万t/a离子膜法烧碱工程采用日本旭化成离子膜和自然循环零极距电解槽,盐水工序采用颇尔膜     

氯碱生产能力超高速增长需引起行业的警惕

2005年是近年来国内氯碱生产能力增长最快的一年，到8月份累计已有165．5万t／a新建、扩建的烧碱装置投产，而到年底预计还将有168．5万t／a装置投产，即全年将新增烧碱生产能力334．0万t／a。据全国氯碱工业信息中心对国内179家氯碱生产企业进行的统计，到2005年年底国内烧碱生产能力预计将达到1605．1万t／a（其中，离子膜法烧碱生产能力将为788．7万t／a），而这其中还未包括部分隔膜法烧碱生产厂改用扩张阳极改性隔膜电解槽后增加的产能。已经投产和预计年底前投产的新建、扩建烧碱生产装置详细情况见表1、表2。     

3万t/a离子膜烧碱建设方案介绍

介绍了芜湖山江化学有限公司新建3万t／a离子膜烧碱的建设方案，包括在原有2万t／a金属阳极隔膜烧碱装置和2万t／a离子膜烧碱装置的基础上，利用原有厂房、各生产工序的工艺路线和配套装置。     

12万t/a离子膜法烧碱技改总结

山东德州实华化工有限公司将5万t/a隔膜法烧碱改造为离子膜法生产装置,形成12万t/a离子膜法烧碱规模.改造中,充分挖掘、利用原有装置,2套系统公用盐水高位槽、碱液高位槽和脱氯塔,优化了产品结构,获得了良好的经济效益和社会效益.     

氯水的回收与利用

介绍3万t／a隔膜法烧碱和2万t／a离子膜法烧碱共用的1套氯氢处理系统，该装置节能环保，可同时取得经济效益和社会效益。     

国内外简讯

氯碱生产能力超高速增长需引起行业的警惕2005年是近年来国内氯碱生产能力增长最快的一年,到8月份累计已有165.5万t/a新建、扩建的烧碱装置投产,而到年底预计还将有168.5万t/a装置投产,即全年将新增烧碱生产能力334.0万t/a。据全国氯碱工业信息中心对国内179家氯碱生产企业进行的统计,到2005年年底国内烧碱生产能力预计将达到1 605.1万t/a(其中,离子膜法烧碱生产能力将为788.7万t/a),而这其中还未包括部分隔膜法烧碱生产厂改用扩张阳极改性隔膜电解槽后增加的产能。已经投产和预计年底前投产的新建、扩建烧碱生产装置详细情况见表1、表2。表…     

Detonation of a Column of a Chemically Active Bubbly Medium in a Liquid

The problem of a detonation wave propagating in a cylindrical column of a chemically active bubbly medium screened by a liquid from the tube walls is formulated and numerically solved within the framework of the Iordanskii–Kogarko two-phase model with allowance for energy dissipation due to acoustic radiation of bubbles. The wave structure of the reaction zone and the detonation velocity of the bubbly medium column are calculated. It is found that the self-sustaining wave can propagate with a velocity greater than the velocity of one-dimensional bubble detonation by a factor of 1.5–2.5.     

Extraction into a flow of a fluid with a velocity gradient

Unsteady extraction from a system of semi-infinite capillaries to the flow of a fluid with a linear velocity gradient is studied. An assumption that the diffusion in the flow is a quasi-steady-state process is taken to obtain a linear equation for the local mass flux from the pore space, which involves fractional derivatives with respect to time and flow coordinate. Limiting solutions for the total diffusion flux at small and large times that cover the entire time interval are found.     

Separation of mixtures and distribution of a liquid on a structured packing in a large-scale model of a distillation column

A large-scale experimental setup is designed to study the hydrodynamic parameters and the mass-transfer efficiency in a countercurrent flow of mixtures of Freon R21 and Freon R114 on structured packings in a column 0.9 m in diameter. The study deals with the local and integral parameters of separation of the mixture, the degrees of nonuniformity of the flow rates and concentration distributions of the liquid and vapor phases over a cross section and on the column wall, and the pressure difference while varying the number of packing layers and their rotation angle. The mass-transfer processes while independently varying the liquid and vapor flow rates over wide ranges are also investigated. Experimental data are presented to illustrate the effect of the operating parameters on the height of an equivalent theoretical plate, the relative pressure difference, and the distributions of the local parameters of the flows.     

Interaction of a Shock Wave with a Cloud of Aluminum Particles in a Channel

Interaction of an incident shock wave (with a rectangular or triangular profile behind its front) with a finite-width semi-infinite cloud of aluminum particles located in a channel along the plane of symmetry is numerically simulated. Shock-wave interaction with the leading edge of the cloud results in the formation of a vortex that leads to cloud dispersion. Reflection of the curved shock wave from the plane of symmetry may be regular or may include the formation of the Mach stem. If the cloud is loaded by a rather strong shock wave, a detonation wave is formed in the cloud. In this case, the flow is periodic, which is caused by passing of transverse waves and their reflection from the walls.     

Transient Outflow of a Liquid from a System of Holes in a Horizontal Tube

The transient outflow of a liquid from a perforated horizontal tube as a result of abruptly applied constant pressure is studied theoretically and experimentally. Equations and a computer program are developed for estimating the parameters of such transient processes. Retardation of the liquid outflow is observed, and its mechanism is discussed.     

Reflection of a shock wave from a rigid wall in a mixture of a liquid metal and solid particles

The problem of reflection of shock waves and expansion waves from a rigid wall in a mixture of liquid iron and small molybdenum crystals is considered. The study is performed within the framework of equilibrium and nonequilibrium approximations of mechanics of heterogeneous media with different pressures of the components. The mathematical model is verified by fitting the dependence of the equilibrium-frozen velocity of sound on the initial pressure in the mixture with available experimental data. In the equilibrium approach, the dependence of the type of the reflected wave on the type of the incident wave is determined. Direct numerical calculations within the framework of the nonequilibrium model of mechanics of heterogeneous media confirmed the validity of the reflection chart obtained. The possibility of significant compacting of molybdenum particles in reflected waves is revealed. Translated fromFizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 97–107, July–August, 2000. This work was performed within the framework of the Integration Project No. 97-24 of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences.