海水中羧甲基壳聚糖及其降解产物对低碳钢的缓蚀作用

采用中性氧化法利用过氧化氢氧化降解羧甲基壳聚糖得到不同分子量梯度的产物.在海水体系中,通过失重试验测定了不同浓度羧甲基壳聚糖及其降解产物对低碳钢的缓蚀效率,并用电化学方法和椭圆偏振法分析了缓蚀机理.结果表明,增加过氧化氢用量有利于降低降解产物分子量;羧甲基壳聚糖及其降解产物的缓蚀效率随其浓度的增加而提高,但分子量大小的改变对缓蚀效率的影响不大;极化曲线分析表明,该类缓蚀剂为抑制阴极过程为主的混合型缓蚀剂;椭圆偏振法分析表明,羧甲基壳聚糖及其降解产物为多层吸附,随着分子量减小,吸附层厚度增厚,而分子量越大,吸附点越多,吸附越牢固.     

含铍聚碳硅烷合成工艺的研究

利用PCS和Be(acac)2合成了一系列含铍聚碳硅烷(PBe CS),通过FT-IR、NMR、GPC、XPS等检测方法考察了Be含量、反应温度、反应时间对PBe CS的影响。结果显示,PCS和Be(acac)2的反应主要通过消耗PCS的Si—H键来完成;PBe CS从Be(acac)2中引入了烯醇式结构:CH3-CO-CH=C-O;在270℃左右,Be含量小于0.8%(质量分数)时,PBe CS的分子量随着Be含量的增加而增大,分布变宽,但Be含量在0.8%~1.0%(质量分数)之间时,PBe CS的分子量随着Be含量的增加而迅速减少,分布变窄;提高反应温度、延长反应时间可以使PBe CS的分子量增大,分布变宽;PBe CS的C元素和O元素的含量的增加来自Be(acac)2。     

离子凝胶法制备纳米壳聚糖及其表征研究

利用离子凝胶法将低分子量的壳聚糖(CS)制成纳米CS,为探讨影响纳米CS粒径的因素,采用正交试验设计分析CS浓度、CS与三聚磷酸钠(TPP)溶液的体积比、搅拌时间和超声时间对粒径大小的影响,通过直观分析和方差分析优化选择。结果表明:CS与TPP溶液的体积比影响最大,其次为CS浓度、超声时间和搅拌时间。最佳工艺条件为CS浓度2.5g/L,CS∶TPP=5∶1,搅拌时间为10min,超声时间为30min。用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重(TG)、X射线光电子衍射(XPS)对其进行表征,FT-IR和XPS分析表明,纳米CS、低分子量CS与原CS的主要化学成分相同;XRD结果表明,随着分子量和粒径的减小,水溶性增强;TG表明3种CS的热稳定性顺序:CS纳米CS低分子量CS。     

辣木果胚油的体外抗氧化活性研究

辣木果胚油来源于辣木籽、翼籽辣木籽,该文通过不同评价方法测定辣木果胚油的体外抗氧化活性。即通过测定ABTS(2,2-联氮-二-(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)-二铵盐)自由基清除能力、DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基)自由基清除能力和二价铁离子的螯合能力来判断辣木果胚油的体外抗氧化活性,辣木果胚油的体外抗氧化活性在一定范围内随浓度的增大而增加。结果如下:当辣木果胚油的浓度为16 mg/mL时,对ABTS自由基清除能力为78.58%;当辣木果胚油的浓度为20 mg/mL时,对DPPH自由基清除能力为51.18%;当辣木果胚油的浓度为10 mg/mL时,对二价铁离子的螯合能力为70.03%。     

CAN引发淀粉与MMA接枝共聚反应的研究

在研究玉米淀粉(corn starch,CS)与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)接枝共聚反应时发现,硝酸浓度为0.1mol/L、硝酸铈铵(CAN)/CS质量比为1/6、MMA/CS质量比为3/2是兼顾单体转化率(C)、接枝率(G)和接枝效率(GE)的最佳反应条件;同时发现,该反应中均聚物的生成不仅可由CAN直接引发,还可能因淀粉自由基或淀粉接枝物自由基的链转移而引发.     

反应pH值对原位水热沉积法制备纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合材料的影响

为避免羟基磷灰石(HA)在壳聚糖(CS)基体中分子出现分布不均的现象,在结合原位沉析法和水热法二者优点的基础上,发展了原位水热沉析法来制备HA/CS复合材料,并深入研究不同的反应pH值对该复合材料的影响。研究表明,在不同反应pH值下制备的复合材料,均由CS晶体和低结晶度的纳米HA晶体所组成,2种晶体均出现沿c轴方向上的择优生长。随着反应pH值的增大,复合材料中HA和CS分子的结晶度均增大,HA晶体尺寸增大,CS分子排列有序化程度增高,且二者之间发生较强的化学键合作用。当反应pH值增大到12时,复合材料中纳米HA的晶体尺寸约为27.63 nm,且均匀地分布在CS分子中;CS分子为高结晶度的α晶型,且分子排列规整,有序化程度高;存在于HA与CS分子间的化学键合作用最强。     

聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖共混膜渗透汽化性能研究

制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)/壳聚糖(CS)共混膜,用渗透汽化膜技术实现了甲醇/碳酸二甲酯二元共沸物的有效分离,研究了共混组成、操作温度、原料组成对膜分离性能的影响,结果表明,随着共混膜中CS含量的增加,膜的渗透通量增大,分离系数先增大后减小,当共混膜中CS含量为66%时,该膜具有优异的渗透汽化性能,有较大渗透汽化分离指数PSI值=660.8g/(m2.h).操作温度升高,膜的渗透通量增大,分离系数略微减小;随着原料中甲醇含量的增大,膜的渗透通量增大,分离系数减小.该共混膜在分离甲醇/碳酸二甲酯二元共沸物时得到的渗透侧甲醇的浓度远大于对应饱和蒸汽的浓度,表明用膜法渗透汽化分离是优于精馏分离的.     

羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合层的制备及其结合力、润湿性研究

通过微弧氧化处理,在Ti植入体表面制备了兼具花瓣和多孔形貌的羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层,而后通过浸渍-提拉法又在HA表面成功装载了不同浓度的壳聚糖(CS)。对所得复合层进行SEM、EDS、XRD检测,探究负载CS前后复合层的的形貌、组成及物相变化;通过FT-IR分析复合层所含官能团及HA/CS界面的相互作用;并对不同HA/CS样品进行接触角测试,探究不同CS浓度对样品表面润湿性的影响;通过划痕法测试CS与HA的界面结合强度。结果表明,随着CS浓度增大,可逐渐遮盖HA层的花瓣、多孔形貌特征,使得钛表面形成光滑、连续的CS膜层;HA和CS之间有一定的键合作用,界面结合力可达8.3N;CS的负载可有效降低HA层的表面润湿性,且随着CS浓度增大,表面润湿性不断降低。     

壳聚糖修饰脂质体对姜黄素的包载作用

通过改变壳聚糖的浓度探讨不同浓度壳聚糖修饰的脂质体对姜黄素的包载作用。采用薄膜蒸发法制备姜黄素脂质体,并以不同浓度的壳聚糖对姜黄素脂质体进行修饰。通过测定修饰后的姜黄素脂质体的物理化学性质,探讨不同浓度的壳聚糖对姜黄素脂质体的包封率以及姜黄素的稳定性、抗氧化性以及荧光、紫外光谱性质的影响。当壳聚糖质量分数由0增大到0.4%时,脂质体内姜黄素的稳定性以及DPPH自由基清除能力也不断增大。当壳聚糖质量分数进一步增加到0.5%~0.7%时,姜黄素的稳定性与抗氧化能力逐渐减小。由此表明存在最佳的壳聚糖质量分数(0.4%),在此条件下壳聚糖修饰脂质体对姜黄素的保护作用最佳,姜黄素的稳定性、抗氧化能力最高。     

不同分子量聚醚砜超滤膜性能的研究(Ⅰ)不同添加剂的影响

选用两种分子量的聚醚砜(PES)为膜材料,以N-甲基吡咯烷酮为溶剂,分别以聚乙二醇(PEG400、PEG6000)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP K30)为添加剂,用非溶剂致相分离法制备了超滤膜,研究了添加剂种类及浓度对不同分子量PES超滤膜性能的影响,利用相图及铸膜液黏度数据,从热力学、动力学、聚合物聚集体大小角度对实验现象进行了解释.结果表明,同种添加剂时,随PES分子量增大制得超滤膜的过滤通量增大、截留率降低.不同添加剂时,PES超滤膜对PEG20000溶液的通量按添加剂为PEG400,PEG6000,PVP K30的顺序依次增大.添加剂为PVP K30、PEG400时PES超滤膜的截留率大于添加剂为PEG6000时PES超滤膜截留率.铸膜液配方相同,添加剂浓度增大时,制得超滤膜的厚度增大,过滤通量增大、截留率降低.     

壳聚糖的抗菌性能研究

本文考察了不同分子量壳聚糖对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌抑菌性能 ,初步找出了壳聚糖分子量和浓度对抗菌抑菌作用的影响 ,提出了壳聚糖的抗菌机理。研究发现 :分子量在 3 0万以下时 ,壳聚糖对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌作用随分子量减小而逐渐减弱 ;对大肠杆菌分子量越小 ,抗菌作用越明显。     

Hollow PtPdRh Nanocubes with Enhanced Catalytic Activities for In Vivo Clearance of Radiation‐Induced ROS via Surface‐Mediated Bond Breaking

Catalytic nanomaterials can be used extrinsically to combat diseases associated with a surplus of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Rational design of surface morphologies and appropriate doping can substantially improve the catalytic performances. In this work, a class of hollow polyvinyl pyrrolidone‐protected PtPdRh nanocubes with enhanced catalytic activities for in vivo free radical scavenging is proposed. Compared with Pt and PtPd counterparts, ternary PtPdRh nanocubes show remarkable catalytic properties of decomposing H₂O₂ via enhanced oxygen reduction reactions. Density functional theory calculation indicates that the bond of superoxide anions breaks for the energetically favorable status of oxygen atoms on the surface of PtPdRh. Viability of cells and survival rate of animal models under exposure of high‐energy γ radiation are considerably enhanced by 94% and 50% respectively after treatment of PtPdRh nanocubes. The mechanistic investigations on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde amount, and DNA damage repair demonstrate that hollow PtPdRh nanocubes act as catalase, peroxidase, and SOD analogs to efficiently scavenge ROS.     

儿茶素对面包贮藏期内氧化性质和感官品质的影响

目的 研究儿茶素对面包贮藏品质的影响。方法 将儿茶素（质量分数为0%、0.025%、0.05%、0.1%、0.2%、0.4%）添加到面团中,研究不同添加量儿茶素对面包的热性质、比容、感官质量、巯基、氧化稳定性、自由基清除能力、色泽、质构特性的影响。结果 随着儿茶素添加量的提高,面包的比容先增大后减小;添加质量分数0.05%儿茶素的面包的比容最大（P<0.05）。在贮藏1～5d内,面包的巯基含量、过氧化值和硫代巴比妥酸值随着儿茶素添加量的增加逐渐降低,DPPH自由基清除率和ABTS自由基清除率总体上逐渐升高。结论 将儿茶素加入面包中起到了抗氧化作用,儿茶素可用于功能型面包的制作。     

The fundamental parameters of chitosan in polymer scaffolds affecting osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1)

The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of deacetylation (DD) and molecular weight (MW) of chitosan within chitosan–collagen scaffolds on mouse osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1). The chitosan–collagen scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-drying technique. The studies on cell attachment and proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, cell morphology, and mineralized nodule formation by osteoblasts on scaffolds were investigated. No statistically significant difference was found on cell attachment, but the chitosan–collagen scaffolds with low-DD chitosan had a statistically significantly (P < 0.05) higher proliferative effect and ALP activity than those scaffolds with high-DD chitosan, regardless of molecular weight. Scanning electron images demonstrated that MC3T3-E1 cells grew well on all test scaffolds; on the contrary, mineralized nodule formation was not found. In conclusion, the DD of chitosan is a crucial factor for MC3T3-E1 cells and it should be considered in further applications for bone tissue engineering.     

Effect of anionic water-soluble dyes on film coating properties of chitosan acetate

Solution of chitosan in dilute acetic acid was prepared to have an apparent viscosity of 125 mPa s and mixed with solution of anionic water-soluble dye. The effects of concentration and type of dye and molecular weight and percentage deacetylation of chitosan on their miscibility and physical stability were investigated. High concentration of dye and high molecular weight and percentage deacetylation of chitosan resulted in precipitation or colloidal dispersion due to ionic interaction between dye and the polymer. The effect was more prominent upon storage. The miscibility of dye and the polymer depended on the molecular configuration and ionic group in the dye molecule. It was ranked brilliant blue approximately euqal to green FS > fast green > ponceau SX approximately euqal to green sunset yellow > erythrosine approximately euqal to green tartrazin > indigo carmine. Solutions of low molecular weight chitosan with and without green FS were then used as coating formulations onto propranolol hydrochloride core tablets. There was no color migration on coated tablets even after storage for 1 year. Disintegration and drug dissolution from tablets coated with colored film were slightly slower than those from tablets coated with plain film and core tablet, respectively. This was corresponding to the results of swelling and dissolution of cast films. However, all tablets conformed to the specification in monograph of USP XXIV.     

Influence of low-temperature ball milling time on physicochemical properties,flavor, bioactive compounds contents and antioxidant activity of horseradish powder

Horseradish is widely used as a seasoning and food additive due to its unique flavor and ability to act as antioxidant, among other favorable characteristics. A dried powdery form of horseradish is desired as it is convenient for either domestic or industrial use. Size reduction time is among the most important parameters that needs to be optimized to produce horseradish powder of higher quality. In this study, dried horseradish was milled either for 15, 30, 60, 120 or 180 min using a low-temperature ball-milling pulverizer to obtain powder of different sizes. Effect of milling time on particle size, microstructure, color, water and oil holding capacities, flavor profiles, isothiocyanates, phenolics and flavonoids contents as well as radical scavenging activities of the powder was determined. Powder milled for 60 min exhibited a more intense pungent flavor, better physicochemical properties and higher flavonoids content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and 2,2′-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging activity than the powder milled for different other periods of time.     

Antibacterial hydroxyapatite/chitosan complex coatings with superior osteoblastic cell response

Chitosan was widely used as an antibacterial component. While most antibacterial materials also possess cytotoxicities, we hypothesize that selectively destruction of bacterial cells can be achieved by controlling the material parameters of chitosan, due to its intrinsic antibacterial mechanism. In this study, porous hydroxyapatite coatings prepared by the liquid precursor plasma spraying process were used for loading the chitosan with different concentrations: 10, 20, 50, and 100 g/L, respectively. The antibacterial properties and osteoblastic cell response of the hydroxyapatite/chitosan complex coatings were studied as a function of chitosan concentration. The results indicated that the antimicrobial activity was directly proportional to the chitosan concentration, while loading of chitosan with lower concentrations (10 and 20 g/L) was even beneficial to the proliferation of osteoblastic cells. Overall, our study demonstrated that combined antibacterial activity and superior osteoblast cell response can be achieved by using hydroxyapatite/chitosan complex coatings, which have great potential in bone replacement and regeneration applications.     

负载桑葚花青素的葛根淀粉/壳聚糖复合膜的制备与表征

目的 研究桑葚花青素（Mulberry Anthocyanins, MA）添加量对葛根淀粉/壳聚糖复合膜理化性质及功能活性的影响。方法 以葛根淀粉和壳聚糖为成膜基材，MA为指示剂，采用流延法制备一种新型可食pH指示膜，测定葛根淀粉/壳聚糖复合膜的物理性能、抗氧化性、pH指示等性质，并将指示膜用于猪肉保鲜及新鲜度检测研究。结果 通过对添加不同MA含量的复合膜进行性能测试，发现MA和葛根淀粉之间氢键的形成，极大地改善了复合膜的拉伸强度。MA的加入使得成膜厚度、不透明度、拉伸强度（Tensile Strength,TS）、水蒸气透过率（Water Vapor Permeability,WVP）显著提高，断裂伸长率（Elongation At Break,EAB）显著降低。此外，MA增强了复合膜的抗氧化性和pH敏感性，MA-4的DPPH自由基清除率达到最大值85.24%。将复合膜应用于猪肉新鲜度检测，与对照组相比，负载MA的复合膜可抑制猪肉pH值和TVB-N值，并产生肉眼可辨的颜色变化，其中MA-3的颜色变化最为敏感。结论 加入一定量MA的复合膜能够改善其拉伸强度、不透明度、pH敏感性和抗氧化...     

Influence of some factors affecting antibacterial activity of PVA/Chitosan based hydrogels synthesized by gamma irradiation

Poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogels containing different concentrations of chitosan with molecular weight of 471 and 101 kDa were crosslinked by gamma irradiation at a dose of 25 kGy. The swelling behavior, gel content and morphological structure of the blend were investigated. The antibacterial effect, as a function of chitosan content and molecular weight in the hydrogel, was investigated against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. With increasing chitosan content the equilibrium degree of swelling of the blend increased and the gel fraction decreased. Results of antibacterial activity of chitosan revealed that chitosan was more effective in inhibiting growth of gram positive bacteria than that of gram negative ones. It was observed that, the chitosan content as well as its molecular weight has a direct influence on bacteria growth inhibition. The higher the chitosan content in the blend and the higher its initial molecular weight, the larger was the inhibition zone diameter. The bacteria growth inhibition was attributed to the diffusion of entrapped chitosan from the hydrogel blend to the culture medium.     

Autoclave‐assisted synthesis of AgNPs in Z. officinale extract and assessment of their cytotoxicity,antibacterial and antioxidant activities

In this study, the authors synthesised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using autoclave as a simple, unique and eco‐friendly approach. The effect of Zingiber officinale extract was evaluated as a reducing and stabiliser agent. According to transmission electron microscopy results, the AgNPs were in the spherical shape with a particle size of ∼17 nm. The biomedical properties of AgNPs as antibacterial agents and free radical scavenging activity were estimated. Synthesised AgNPs showed significant 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl free radical scavenging. Strong bactericidal activity was shown by the AgNPs on Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. A maximum inhibition zone of ∼14 mm was obtained for epidermidis at a concentration of 60 μg/ml for sample fabricated at 24 h. The AgNPs also showed a significant cytotoxic effect against MCF‐7 breast cancer cell lines with an half maximal inhibitory concentration value of 62 μg/ml in 24 h by the MTT assay. It could be concluded that Z. officinale extract can be used effectively in the production of potential antioxidant and antimicrobial AgNPs for commercial application.Inspec keywords: nanoparticles, cancer, organic compounds, antibacterial activity, particle size, microorganisms, silver, visible spectra, ultraviolet spectra, biomedical materials, biochemistry, nanofabrication, free radicals, nanomedicine, toxicology, cellular biophysics, transmission electron microscopyOther keywords: unique approach, eco‐friendly approach, zingiber officinale, reducing agent, stabiliser agent, transmission electron microscopy results, antibacterial agents, free radical scavenging activity, synthesised AgNPs, 1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl free radical scavenging, strong bactericidal activity, antimicrobial AgNPs, autoclave‐assisted synthesis, antioxidant activities, cytotoxic effect, silver nanoparticles, autoclave, time 24.0 hour