2,3-戊二酮的合成

乙醛和丙醛经3-乙基-4-甲基-5-(2-羟乙基)-1,3-噻唑溴盐催化交叉偶联反应生成以C5偶姻为主的偶姻混合物,偶姻混合物再经H2O2间接氧化、分离制备了2,3-戊二酮。优化的偶联反应条件是:m(乙醛)∶m(丙醛)∶m(催化剂)∶m(Na2CO3)=110∶90∶2∶1;反应温度125℃;压力为1MPa。乙醛和丙醛转化率分别达到94%和95%,C5偶姻产率为48.8%,偶姻总产率为90%。混合偶姻在浓H2SO4存在下,用质量分数30%H2O2/FeSO4.7H2O氧化,m(FeSO4.7H2O)∶m(浓H2SO4)∶m(H2O)∶m(偶姻)∶m(H2O2)=11∶2∶4∶2∶3,2,3-戊二酮相对于偶姻的总产率为44%,邻二酮总产率为84%。经常压分馏,可以分别得到质量分数≥98%的2,3-戊二酮、丁二酮和3,4-己二酮产品。铁离子氧化剂重复使用,邻二酮化合物收率没有明显下降。     

1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰丝氨酸的全合成

(S)-2-[(苄氧羰基)氨基]-3-羟基丙酸苄酯（Ⅰ）经亚磷酸二苯酯处理得到了(S)-2-[(苄氧羰基)氨基]-2-(苄氧羰基)乙基膦酸酯（Ⅱ）；化合物Ⅱ经新戊酰氯介导活化后，与(S)-(+)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-甲醇（Ⅲ）缩合，并由碘氧化得到新化合物(R)-2,3-异亚丙基-sn-甘油基{(S)-2-[(苄氧羰基)氨基]-2-(苄氧羰基)-1-氧乙基}膦酸酯（Ⅳ）；然后，化合物Ⅳ在三氟乙酸的作用下脱除异丙叉基得到(R)-2,3-二羟基丙基-sn-甘油基{(S)-2-[(苄氧羰基)氨基]-2-(苄氧羰基)-1-氧乙基}膦酸酯（Ⅴ）；在1-乙基-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐（EDCI）的作用下，中间体Ⅴ与硬脂酸进一步乙酰化，以85.8%的产率得到了(R)-2,3-双(硬脂酰基)丙酰基{(S)-2-[(苄氧羰基)氨基]-2-(苄氧羰基)-1-氧乙基}膦酸酯（Ⅵ）；中间体Ⅵ经氢解得到了1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰丝氨酸（Ⅶ）。对主要合成步骤的反应条件进行了优化，并进行了验证和放大实验。产物Ⅶ共经历5步反应，总产率为57.1%。采用FTIR、HRMS和...     

丙酮氨氧化制备丙酮肟过程中副反应研究

通过GC-MS、LC-MS等方法表征TS-1催化丙酮氨氧化制备丙酮肟过程中的副产物结构,分析副反应类型。结果表明:在此反应体系中,副反应主要产生途径有:(1)碱催化酮缩合,导致副产物骨架的生成;(2)亲核氨解,生成各种有机胺,导致体系碱性增强,起到自催化的作用;(3)消除脱水生成烯烃,然后烯烃被H2O2环氧化;(4)酮类副产物肟化;(5)酮肟氧化偶联反应生成2,3-二硝基-2,3-二甲基丁烷(DMNB);(6)其它氧化过程生成不饱和度高的副产物等。     

7-乙基-喜树碱的合成

以喜树碱为原料合成了7 乙基 喜树碱。考察了多种因素对反应的影响,确定了较理想的反应条件:3g喜树碱,4 5mL丙醛,1 8mLw(H2O2)=30%的双氧水,2 5gFeSO4·7H2O,9mLw(H2SO4)=98%的浓硫酸,在2～3℃反应1 5h,粗产品收率88%,以HPLC分析,w(7 乙基 喜树碱)=93 8%。     

Fenton氧化法处理噁草酮生产废水

以噁草酮生产废水为研究对象,研究了Fenton氧化法对高盐有毒农药废水的降解效果。通过正交和单因素试验,考查了反应时间、初始p H值、Fe SO4·7H2O投加量和H2O2投加量对废水COD去除率的影响。结果表明,在100m L废水样品中,最优处理条件为反应时间3h,初始p H值为5,Fe SO4·7H2O投加4g和30%H2O2投加5m L,COD去除率可达76.8%。     

乙酰丙酮生产工艺的选择

1概述 乙酰丙酮（Acetylacetone），又称二乙酰基甲烷，化学名2，4-戊二酮，简称AA。分子式C5H8O2，结构式CH3COCH2COCH3^[1]。     

一锅法从卟啉配体合成μ-氧代四苯基双核铁卟啉

A novel method for synthesis of substituted u-oxo-bis[tetraphenyl porphyrinatoiron] compotmds （[TRPPFe]20） based on the reaction among free base porphyrins （TRPPH2）, FeSO4·7H2O and H2O in one pot was proposed and investigated. Four kinds of [TRPPFe]2O were synthesized by this novel synthetic method, and their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra and UV-vis spectroscopy. The reaction conditions, including the effect of different iron salts on the formation of [TRPPFe]2O, the reaction time between FeSO4-7H2O and TRPPH2, the molar ratio of FeSO4-7H2O/TRPPH2 as well as the volume ratio of H2O/DMF, were investigated. The [TRPPFe]2O yield of 93% 98% could be obtained under the following optimal conditions： the reaction time of FeSOn-7H2O with TRPPH2 was about 10 h, the molar ratio of FeSOn-7H2O/TRPPH2 about 5 ： 1, and the volume ratio of H2O/DMF exceeded 2 ： 1. Further research indicated that only TRPPFeCI were formed once FeSOn-7H2O was replaced by FeCl2-4H2O, the reason of which might be that halogen ions in iron salts interfered the formation of [TRPPFe]2O, suggesting that halogen ions should be avoided in this novel synthetic method.     

响应面法分析Fenton氧化垃圾渗滤液的过程

利用统计学的方法对Fenton氧化垃圾渗滤液的影响因素进行了探讨和分析,考察了FeSO4?7H2O投加量,H2O2/FeSO4.7H2O比值和pH值对氧化垃圾渗滤液的影响。在FeSO4.7H2O投加量为0.01～0.02 mol/L、H2O2/FeSO4.7H2O比值1～5和pH值2～6的条件下,分析CODCr的变化。通过使用Design-Expert 5软件可得到1个二次响应曲面模型,最佳的FeSO4.7H2O投加量为0.013mol/L、H2O2/FeSO4.7H2O比值4.60和pH值4.45,从而CODCr的去除率也达到最大(69.85%)。     

3-羟基-4-苯基-2-丁酮的合成

分别以(E)-1-苯基-1-丁烯-3-酮和4-苯基-2-丁酮为起始原料合成了3-羟基-4-苯基-2-丁酮。以(E)-1-苯基-1-丁烯-3-酮为起始原料,经过环氧化和还原两步反应得到产物;第1步环氧化反应,用双氧水作氧化剂,产率64%;第2步α,β-环氧酮在Pd/C催化作用下用甲酸还原,得到产物3-羟基-4-苯基-2-丁酮,产率67%;该路线总产率为43%。以4-苯基-2-丁酮为起始原料,经过烯醇硅醚中间体氧化得到产物;4-苯基-2-丁酮在六甲基二硅胺作用下与三甲基碘硅烷反应得到4-苯基-2-丁烯-2-基三甲基硅醚,产率为75%;第2步烯醇硅醚用间氯过氧苯甲酸氧化,得到产物3-羟基-4-苯基-2-丁酮,产率达71%;该路线总产率为53%。以(E)-1-苯基-1-丁烯-3-酮为起始原料的合成路线总产率略低,但操作简单,试剂价廉易得,是更为实用可行的合成路线。     

BBI 608的合成

以1,4-萘醌为起始原料,经Thiele-Winter反应,水解、氧化后得2-羟基-1,4-萘醌,再与3,4-二溴丁酮环合反应后,氧化得抗癌药物小分子2-乙酰基-4H,9H-萘并[2,3-b]呋喃-4,9-二酮(BBI 608),总收率18.99%。目标化合物结构经ESI-MS、~1H NMR确证。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。