三羟甲基丙烷三水杨酸酯的合成及抑菌活性研究

在N2保护下,以水杨酸和TMP(三羟甲基丙烷)为原料,采用醇酸直接酯化法合成三羟甲基丙烷三水杨酸酯。通过IR、LC、MS、1H NMR等手段进行表征,确证了目标产物的结构。考察了反应温度、催化剂种类、反应时间、TMP的羟基与水杨酸羧基的摩尔比对反应的影响,获得适宜的反应条件:以占水杨酸质量4%的对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,N2保护下反应温度为160℃,反应时间为6h,n(水杨酸的羧基)∶n〔三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)的羟基〕=1∶0.7,在该条件下,酯化率达99.5%,三羟甲基丙烷三水杨酸酯的产率达83.59%。进一步研究了该酯的抑菌性能,结果表明,抑菌剂质量浓度为0.01g/mL时,抑菌率达到80%。     

制备绿色润滑剂三羟甲基丙烷酯的催化酯化新工艺

以油酸和三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为原料,用SnCl2.2H2O作催化剂,通过减压酯化的方法合成了三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯。反应的优化条件如下:n(油酸)n∶(TMP)=3.11∶,催化剂用量4%,反应温度170℃,反应时间4h,真空度0.09MPa。优化条件下TMP的酯化率达到94%。产物结构经IR光谱证实。     

Al_2O_3负载硅钨酸催化合成三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯的研究

以Al2O3负载硅钨酸为催化剂,三羟甲基丙烷（TMP）与油酸（OA）为原料,采用直接酯化法合成了三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯（TMPOE）,研究了其合成工艺条件,在OA与TMP的摩尔比为3.1∶1,催化剂用量为0.2%（质量分数）,反应温度160℃,反应时间为3 h的条件下,酯化率为90.0%,纯度〉96%。     

氧化亚锡催化合成三羟甲基丙烷棕榈仁油酸酯

以氧化亚锡为催化剂,由三羟甲基丙烷和棕榈仁油酸合成了三羟甲基丙烷棕榈仁油酸酯。考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、物料配比以及反应时间等对酯化率的影响。得到优化合成工艺条件为:n(棕榈仁油酸):n(三羟甲基丙烷)=2.80:1,催化剂用量为0.050%,反应温度控制在205～210℃,回流反应5.0h。在此条件下,酯化率可达97%。     

三羟甲基丙烷三异辛酯合成工艺研究

采用三羟甲基丙烷（TMP）与异辛酸直接酯化的工艺合成三羟甲基丙烷三异辛酯,催化剂采用对甲苯磺酸,最佳工艺条件为酸／醇摩尔比为3.9：1,温度220℃,催化剂用量5.4g／mol TMP。该工艺具有产品收率高、副产品少等优点,而且易于操作,产品纯度≥95％。     

三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯的合成及其抗乳化性能研究

以三羟甲基丙烷和油酸为原料,合成了三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯。研究了催化剂种类、催化剂用量、反应温度及反应时间对产品酯化率的影响,并考察了后处理方法对产品抗乳化性能的影响。研究结果表明,采用固体超强酸为催化剂,酯化率可达92%以上;采用酸性白土处理产品,能有效改善产品的抗乳化性能。     

马来酸酐与三羟甲基丙烷酯化反应

用马来酸酐(MA)与三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)经酯化反应制备系列三羟甲基丙烷马来酸单酯(TMPMs)。重点考察投料比、反应温度、时间、催化剂等对酯化反应的影响。结果表明,90℃下,n(MA)∶n(TMP)低于2.5∶1时,在240 min内MA单酯化率可达99%以上;n(MA)∶n(TMP)=3∶1时,需添加占单体总质量0.2%的对甲苯磺酸催化剂,MA酯化率方可达99%以上。采用NMR对产物的结构和组成进行表征和分析,通过酯化率计算其平均双键官能度。     

三羟甲基丙烷正辛酸酯的合成

以三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)与正辛酸为原料,采用酸醇酯化法合成了三羟甲基丙烷正辛酸酯,考察了反应物投料比、反应物浓度、催化剂用量等对反应的影响。结果表明,最佳合成条件为:酸醇摩尔比为3.4∶1,甲苯用量为总质量的60%(甲苯/TMP+正辛酸+甲苯),催化剂用量为总质量的3.0%(催化剂/TMP+正辛酸+甲苯),反应时间为4 h。在此工艺条件下,产品颜色浅,产率高达96.63%,并用红外光谱、液相色谱、核磁等方法进行了表征。     

绿色润滑剂三羟甲基丙烷酯的合成及应用研究

以三羟甲基丙烷与椰子油酸为原料,采用酯化法合成出了具有润滑性能的三羟甲基丙烷酯.最佳工艺条件为:催化剂SnCl2·2H2O用量为4.0%,醇酸摩尔比为1∶3.2,反应温度在170～180 ℃,反应时间为3.5～4.0 h,并将产品应用于切削液配方研究.     

绿色润滑剂三羟甲基丙烷酯的合成及应用研究

以三羟甲基丙烷与椰子油酸为原料,采用酯化法合成出了具有润滑性能的三羟甲基丙烷酯。最佳工艺条件为：催化剂SnCl2·2H2O用量为4.0%,醇酸摩尔比为1∶3.2,反应温度在170～180℃,反应时间为3.5～4.0h,并将产品应用于切削液配方研究。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。