光纤光栅传感技术在桥梁试桩中的应用

基于对光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感特性的理论分析,研制了可用于桥梁试桩应变监测的光纤光栅钢筋应变计,并进行了标定试验;研究了光纤光栅传感器的布设工艺,在某特大跨海大桥试桩项目中的钻孔灌注桩里成功地埋入了52支光纤光栅钢筋应变计,进行了荷载试验.研究结果表明,在桥梁试桩项目中利用光纤光栅传感技术可以方便有效地对试桩的应变进行多点实时监测,为桥梁桩基础的优化设计提供了可靠的依据.     

CFRP 纤维布加固RC 柱的有限元分析模型

为了建立统一的碳纤维(CFRP) 布加固钢筋混凝土(RC) 柱的抗震性能的评价手段, 基于二维有限元分析研究探讨分析模型; 对3 个CFRP 布加固RC 柱进行了2D-FEA 参数模拟分析, 考察了现存的裂缝模型、材料本构关系、混凝土的压缩模型对分析结果的影响。通过分析比较得出, 混凝土使用Darwin-Pecknold 的等价一轴应变模型能很好地模拟CFRP 布加固的RC 柱的非线性特性及其强度; 而且修正Kent-Park 模型能够较好地模拟箍筋、CFRP 布对混凝土的横向约束作用, 同时Darwin 的破坏准则可以较好地评价二轴应力下混凝土的破坏过程。通过考察CFRP 布加固的RC 柱的荷载-变形关系、柱子反弯点和柱脚处混凝土、钢筋和CFRP 的应力-应变的发展, 进一步证实了CFRP 布对RC 柱的抗震加固十分有效。      

基于压电损伤监测的CFRP加固混凝土板抗爆性能实验研究

针对普通钢筋混凝土板和碳纤维布加固混凝土板(CFRP)进行爆破试验,比较了不同TNT炸药当量下CFRP加固板的破坏机理和动态响应.实验采用嵌入式压电智能骨料监测混凝土板的内部损伤状况,利用小波包能量分析理论计算损伤指数,并通过加速度和应变片监测混凝土板在爆炸荷载作用下的动态响应.实验结果表明:在药量较小(10 g、20...     

CFRP布加固方案对RC梁剪切性能及尺寸效应影响分析EI北大核心CSCD

采用同时考虑混凝土材料非均质性、钢筋与混凝土之间的相互作用以及CFRP布与混凝土之间的相互作用影响的三维细观数值模拟方法,建立了CFRP布加固RC梁剪切破坏力学分析模型。在验证了细观数值方法合理性的基础上,设计并建立了12根CFRP布加固RC梁细观模型,探究相同CFRP配纤率(用布量)前提下,不同CFRP布加固方案对单调荷载作用下RC梁的剪切性能及尺寸效应的影响。结果表明:CFRP布应变分布与裂缝位置紧密相关,越靠近裂缝位置的CFRP布应变越大,提供的抗剪贡献越多;在CFRP配纤率一致的前提下,CFRP布宽度大厚度小的加固方案优于CFRP布厚度大宽度小的加固方案;CFRP布U型加固RC梁剪切强度存在尺寸效应现象,但相同CFRP配纤率下,不同CFRP布加固方案对名义抗剪强度尺寸效应的影响较小,可以忽略。     

水泥基复合材料加固小偏心受压钢筋混凝土柱承载力

通过对工程水泥基复合材料(ECC)加固钢筋混凝土(RC)柱和未加固RC柱进行小偏心受压试验,研究ECC加固RC柱小偏心受压性能。试验结果表明,ECC加固层能有效约束核心混凝土;与未加固柱相比,加固柱的裂缝细而密,达到峰值荷载时受压区ECC尚未被压碎,破坏过程比较平缓,有较好的完整性,并表现出一定的延性特征;相对偏心距相同时,加固柱的开裂荷载、峰值荷载及延性相比未加固柱分别提高了107%～236%、45%～159%、37.4%～41.3%。依据试验结果,绘制出各加固柱跨中荷载-挠度曲线,可分为4个阶段：弹性阶段、裂缝稳定扩展阶段、最大荷载阶段及下降段。随着加固层厚度的增大,相同荷载下ECC竖向应变及钢筋应变越小;随着相对偏心距的增大,相同荷载下ECC竖向应变及钢筋应变越大。基于混凝土结构理论及力学原理,分析ECC加固层对核心混凝土柱的约束机制,提出ECC约束混凝土抗压强度和峰值应变的表达式,推导出加固柱受压承载力计算公式,承载力计算值与试验值相对误差在10%以内,二者吻合良好,为ECC加固混凝土柱在实际工程中的应用提供理论参考。     

混凝土结构的光纤光栅智能监测技术

根据混凝土结构的内部应变监测需要，提出了光纤光栅管式封装应变传感器，并对其传感特性进行了研究；探讨了光纤布拉格光栅传感元件在混凝土结构中的布设工艺，并用光纤光栅监测了水泥净浆的固化过程；用管式封装光纤光栅与裸光栅对钢筋温凝土梁进行了应变监测；最后将光纤光栅传感器成功地应用于黑大公路大桥。     

内埋光纤光栅的复合材料层压板拉伸应变研究

利用内埋在复合材料层间的光纤光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)传感器监测复合材料层压板在拉伸过程中的应变变化,并与复合材料层压板试样表面粘贴的应变片测得数据进行对比,同时研究了光纤光栅的埋植位置对复合材料力学性能的影响。探索了FBG传感器在复合材料应变监测中的有效性和可靠性。结果表明:内埋于复合材料层间的FBG传感器可以有效反映复合材料层压板在受到拉伸载荷过程中的应变变化,对比FBG传感器与应变片测得的实验结果,二者所测得的应变变化趋势吻合良好,而且埋植光纤光栅对复合材料层压板的拉伸强度影响较小。     

热残余应力对内埋光纤光栅传感器性能的影响

将布拉格光纤光栅(FBG)埋植于复合材料T型加筋板结构非干涉区—三角填充区作为应变传感器对复合材料加筋板在固化过程及冲击后压缩过程中的应变变化进行监测。对比了光纤刻栅区采用UV光固化树脂涂层保护和未保护的两种FBG传感器的波谱信号变化; 分析了复合材料在固化成型过程中产生的非轴对称热残余应力对FBG传感性能的影响。结果表明, 刻栅区采用聚合物涂层保护的FBG传感器的半峰宽(FWHM)在固化过程中未发生变化, 并且聚合物涂层可以有效地消除非轴对称热残余应力对光纤光栅反射波谱的影响。在冲击后压缩过程中, 采用聚合物涂层保护的FBG传感器测得的应变与贴于试样表面的应变片测得的应变数据一致性较好。本文对埋植于复合材料加筋板三角填充区的FBG传感器在复合材料固化过程及冲击后压缩过程中应变监测的有效性及可靠性进行了有益的探索。     

CFRP板加固RC&PPC梁抗剪性能试验研究

通过10片普通钢筋混凝土(RC)梁及4片部分预应力混凝土(PPC)梁采用CFRP板抗剪加固的试验研究和非线性有限元分析,研究不同损伤程度、剪跨比、配箍率及预应力水平等因素对CFRP板加固RC&PPC梁抗剪性能的影响。结果表明:采用CFRP板对RC&PPC梁进行抗剪加固能够有效抑制斜裂缝的开展,提高加固梁斜截面抗剪承载能力,并改善梁的延性;RC梁损伤后加固,随着配箍率的增大以及剪跨比的减小,将提高加固RC梁的斜向开裂荷载、箍筋屈服荷载以及抗剪极限承载能力;随着预应力水平的提高,PPC加固梁的极限承载力增大,CFRP板抗剪加固效果比较显著;非线性有限元模型能够预测CFRP加固RC/PPC梁的抗剪性能,有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合良好;在进行CFRP板抗剪加固设计时,应对CFRP板的强度进行有效折减。     

考虑混凝土基体蠕变的FBG传感器应变传递研究

为研究光纤光栅应变传感器在混凝土结构中的长期监测性能,需考虑混凝土基体的长期蠕变效应对传感器应变传递率的影响。以玻璃纤维增强塑料(GFRP)封装的埋入式光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)应变传感器为研究对象,引入混凝土蠕变本构,进行应变传递分析,并通过有限元计算对理论分析结果加以验证。研究表明传感器的平均应变传递率随着混凝土基体的蠕变发展而逐渐降低,蠕变的影响不可忽略,需进行误差修正。在此基础上,利用平均应变传递率公式,可对光纤光栅传感器的选型提供一定参考。     

预应力FRP加固工程结构技术研究进展

围绕国内外预应力FRP加固技术的研究现状以及最新进展,从预应力FRP加固混凝土结构、预应力FRP加固钢结构、预应力FRP加固中关键技术的研究等方面进行了综述。试验研究表明：预应力FRP加固混凝土能显著提高构件的开裂荷载、屈服荷载和极限荷载,改善受弯构件在长期荷载的力学性能,提高构件的疲劳寿命;预应力CFRP加固钢梁后,其屈服荷载和极限荷载相对于对比梁都有明显的提高,其提高的程度随着预应力CFRP的用量和预应力水平的提高而增大;预应力CFRP加固对钢梁的刚度提高作用也比较明显,对低强度的钢材,提高效果更明显;采用预应力FRP加固工程结构的关键问题在于预应力的施加体系、预应力控制值、预应力损失和端部的锚固。     

CFRP加固混凝土梁各受力阶段的剥离机理

粘贴碳纤维片加固混凝土梁的试验数据和破坏模式表明,在锚固措施可靠的情况下,界面粘贴失效或基面混凝土剥离是加固混凝土梁的主要早期破坏形态。为研究混凝土梁不同受力阶段对界面粘结失效或混凝土剥离的影响程度,针对实际加固工程中常见的混凝土梁损伤状况并结合室内试验结果,分别研究了粘贴碳纤维片加固完整梁及不同开裂程度梁在不同受力阶段中的界面应力分布与剥离机理,指出了加固梁的开裂或裂缝扩展是导致界面或粘贴基面混凝土剥离的主要原因。最后,结合实际混凝土梁的损伤特点,提出了加固设计施工过程中的注意事项及应采取的技术措施。     

Long-term behavior of existing low-strength reinforced concrete beams strengthened with carbon fiber composite sheets

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the short- and long-term behavior of low-strength reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). A numerical analysis model was developed and verified for the calculation of the long-term deflection and maximum allowable long-term load of such RC beams. A parametric study was also conducted and it was found that the maximum allowable long-term load of a CFRP-strengthened beam was dominated by the deflection of RC beam when the cubic compressive strength of concrete was less than a certain value. For concrete of higher strength, the maximum allowable long-term load was dominated by the stress levels of the steel bars. It was also found that the yielding load of the strengthened beams increased significantly with areas strengthened by CFRP sheets and steel bars, while the maximum allowable long-term load only increased slightly.     

Nonlinear finite element modeling of concrete deep beams with openings strengthened with externally-bonded composites

This paper aims to develop 3D nonlinear finite element (FE) models for reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams containing web openings and strengthened in shear with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite sheets. The web openings interrupted the natural load path either fully or partially. The FE models adopted realistic materials constitutive laws that account for the nonlinear behavior of materials. In the FE models, solid elements for concrete, multi-layer shell elements for CFRP and link elements for steel reinforcement were used to simulate the physical models. Special interface elements were implemented in the FE models to simulate the interfacial bond behavior between the concrete and CFRP composites. A comparison between the FE results and experimental data published in the literature demonstrated the validity of the computational models in capturing the structural response for both unstrengthened and CFRP-strengthened deep beams with openings. The developed FE models can serve as a numerical platform for performance prediction of RC deep beams with openings strengthened in shear with CFRP composites.     

NSM shear strengthening technique with CFRP laminates applied in high-strength concrete beams with or without pre-cracking

The effectiveness of the near surface mounted (NSM) shear strengthening technique with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates applied in high-strength concrete beams with a certain percentage of existing steel stirrups is assessed by experimental research. In this context, the influence of the following main parameters are investigated: (i) the percentage and the inclination of the CFRP laminates; (ii) the percentage of existing steel stirrups; (iii) the existence of cracks when the reinforced concrete (RC) beams are shear strengthened with NSM CFRP laminates. The results showed that the NSM shear strengthening technique with CFRP laminates is more effective when applied to RC beams of high-strength concrete, not only in terms of increasing the load carrying capacity of the beams, but also in assuring higher mobilization of the tensile properties of the CFRP. Inclined laminates were more effective than vertical laminates and the shear resistance of the beams has increased with the percentage of laminates. Pre-cracked RC beams strengthened with NSM CFRP laminates have presented a load carrying capacity similar to that of the homologous uncracked strengthened beams.     

Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams retrofitted with hybrid fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) under sustaining loads

This paper reports experimental studies of reinforced concrete (RC) beams retrofitted with new hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) system consisting carbon FRP (CFRP) and glass FRP (GFRP). The objective of this study is to examine effect of hybrid FRPs on structural behavior of retrofitted RC beams and to investigate if different sequences of CFRP and GFRP sheets of the hybrid FRPs have influences on improvement of strengthening RC beams. Toward that goal, 14 RC beams are fabricated and retrofitted with hybrid FRPs having different combinations of CFRP and GFRP sheets. The beams are loaded with different magnitudes prior to retrofitting in order to investigate the effect of initial loading on the flexural behavior of the retrofitted beam. The main test variables are sequences of attaching hybrid FRP layers and magnitudes of preloads. Under loaded condition, beams are retrofitted with two or three layers of hybrid FRPs, then the load increases until the beams reach failure. Test results conclude that strengthening effects of hybrid FRPs on ductility and stiffness of RC beams depend on orders of FRP layers.     

Experimental and analytical investigation of reinforced high strength concrete continuous beams strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer

Carbon and glass fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP and GFRP) are two materials suitable for strengthening the reinforced concrete (RC) beams. Although many in situ RC beams are of continuous constructions, there has been very limited research on the behavior of such beams with externally applied FRP laminate. In addition, most design guidelines were developed for simply supported beams with external FRP laminates. This paper presents an experimental program conducted to study the flexural behavior and redistribution in moment of reinforced high strength concrete (RHSC) continuous beams strengthened with CFRP and GFRP sheets. Test results showed that with increasing the number of CFRP sheet layers, the ultimate strength increases, while the ductility, moment redistribution, and ultimate strain of CFRP sheet decrease. Also, by using the GFRP sheet in strengthening the continuous beam reduced loss in ductility and moment redistribution but it did not significantly increase ultimate strength of beam. The moment enhancement ratio of the strengthened continuous beams was significantly higher than the ultimate load enhancement ratio in the same beam. An analytical model for moment–curvature and load capacity are developed and used for the tested continuous beams in current and other similar studies. The stress–strain curves of concrete, steel and FRP were considered as integrity model. Stress–strain model of concrete is extended from Oztekin et al.’s model by modifying the ultimate strain. Also, new parameters of equivalent stress block are obtained for flexural calculation of RHSC beams. Good agreement between experiment and prediction values is achieved.     

Flexural and shear strengthening of RC beams with composite materials – The influence of cutting steel stirrups to install CFRP strips

Experimental, numerical and analytical investigations have revealed that Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strips with larger cross section height improve the effectiveness of the Near Surface Mounted (NSM) technique for the flexural strengthening of existing reinforced concrete (RC) beams. However, this height is limited to the concrete cover thickness of the longitudinal steel bars, since the application of strips of cross section height larger than the cover thickness requires that the bottom arm of the steel stirrups be cut. This work aims to assess the influence, in terms of shear resistance, of cutting the bottom arm of steel stirrups to install NSM strips for the flexural strengthening of RC beams. The obtained results showed that, for monotonic loading, cutting the bottom arm of steel stirrups led to a decrease of the beam’s load carrying capacity of less than 10%. Due to the high effectiveness of the adopted NSM flexural strengthening systems, shear can be a predominant failure mode for these beams. To avoid this type of failure mode, strips of wet lay-up CFRP sheets with U configuration were used, resulting in effective strengthening solutions for RC beams. In the present paper the experimental program is described, and the obtained results are presented and discussed.     

智能复合材料中FBG智能夹层的研究

光纤自诊断系统是智能复合材料结构的重要组成部分，但将光纤埋入复合材料中还存在着诸多问题．解决这些问题最有潜力的技术途径是将光纤传感器集成在一起形成一个模块化的便于埋入复合材料中的光纤智能夹层。基于FBG传感器的优点，对FBG智能夹层进行了研究。研究结果表明，智能夹层的埋入对复合材料结构的强度性能影响较小，智能夹层中FBG传感器波长偏移与应变具有良好的线性关系，可以将智能夹层埋入复合材料结构内部，利用FBG传感器网络和先进信息处理技术，建立结构损伤主动、在线和实时监测系统。