燃酒糟锅炉的设计和热态试验

在对酒糟燃烧机理系统研究的基础上,采用层燃与室燃相结合的新型燃烧技术,成功开发了燃酒糟锅炉,从而实现了酒糟的及时着火和高效清洁燃烧,并使锅炉在运行过程中具有很强的负荷调节能力。不仅解决了长期困扰酿酒行业的酒糟污染环境问题,同时变废为宝,实现了酒糟灰渣综合利用。图5表3参2     

酒糟燃烧机理及燃酒糟锅炉研究

废弃物的资源化利用可同时解决能源短缺与环境污染问题。在研究酒糟的燃烧机理的基础上,开发了一种燃酒糟锅炉,并阐述了该锅炉的设计特点、运行结果表明,该锅炉同时实现了节能、环保及锅炉灰渣的综合利用。该锅炉还适用于其它生物质废弃物。     

生物质锅炉空气动力场冷态模化试验研究

运用相似理论,对1台燃酒糟锅炉进行了冷态模化试验研究,掌握了炉内空气动力场的流动分布特性,为生物质锅炉的优化设计和运行方式的改进提供了必要依据。     

飞灰回燃对燃烧福建无烟煤CFB锅炉运行影响的研究

利用热天平实验研究了飞灰碳厦其入炉煤的反应性，从理论上分析了飞灰回燃对CFB锅炉燃烧效率的影响，并通过工业试验测试了回燃飞灰量对锅炉返料器运行温度、飞灰的粒度分布及其含碳量、锅炉燃烧效率及其它运行参数的影响。研究表明，燃烧福建无烟煤CFB锅炉飞灰碳的反应性高于其对应入炉煤。回燃飞灰的含碳量、回燃飞灰量与入炉煤量的比值等参数对锅炉燃烧效率有重要影响。采取飞灰回燃技术有利于降低飞灰含碳、降低返料器运行温度和提高锅炉燃烧效率，但当回燃飞灰量较大时会影响锅炉的稳定运行。     

W火焰锅炉燃烧稳定性影响因素分析

燃料的性质和炉内良好的燃烧环境是W火焰锅炉稳定燃烧的决定因素。通过对煤粉着火及稳燃机理的研究和对W火焰锅炉运行状况的了解,系统地对影响W火焰锅炉燃烧稳定性的各个因素进行了分析,对锅炉运行和实际生产都有积极意义。     

300MW循环流化床锅炉燃用褐煤的试验研究

通过对燃用小龙潭褐煤的300MWCFB锅炉进行燃烧调整试验测试,分析了褐煤的着火、燃烬和结焦特性,并对燃用褐煤的300MWCFB锅炉负荷特性、低负荷稳燃能力、脱硫、脱硝性能等进行了试验研究,提出了合理的优化运行方式。     

燃用无烟煤循环流化床锅炉的设计特点和运行

介绍了循环流化床锅炉在燃用无烟煤时,锅炉结构的设计特点和运行调节方法,以及对燃用无烟煤的经验总结,对点火启动与燃烧调整进行探讨和分析,使锅炉达到最佳的运行状态和效果.     

用可调卫燃带改善燃煤锅炉低负荷燃烧效率

分析了现有燃煤锅炉低负荷运行时燃烧效率偏低的原因,提出了可调卫燃带的概念及模型。指出在低负荷运行时可调卫燃带提高燃烧效率的机理在于能在炉内构建一合理的温度场;介绍了低负荷运行时可调卫燃带对炉内温度场及燃烧率影响的模拟试验结果,试验表明：可调卫燃带对改善锅炉低负荷时炉内温度分布及提高燃烧效率具有十分明显的效果,图8参6     

燃煤锅炉高效、低NOx运行策略的研究

借助现场燃烧调整试验数据,采用最小二乘支持向量机方法建立了NOx排放和燃烧效率的预测模型,并与遗传算法相结合,分别对降低NOx排放和提高锅炉效率的各参数进行了优化,找到了在燃用不同煤种下较低NOx排放和较高燃烧效率的运行参数组合.研究结果证明:运用此方法可以寻找出锅炉在燃用不同煤种时最佳的高效、低污染运行方案.     

燃生物质锅炉空气动力场冷态模化试验研究

针对生物质燃料的特性，运用相似理论建立了燃酒糟锅炉空气动力场冷态模化试验系统，得到了不同一次风风速下炉内空气动力场的变化规律，为燃生物质锅炉设计和运行的优化提供了必要依据。图9表1参12     

On the combustion mechanism and development of the distillers' grain-fired boiler

The utilization of wastes for energy purposes can solve the problems of energy shortage and environmental protection simultaneously. On the basis of the studies on the combustion mechanism of the distillers' grains, a kind of the distillers' grain-fired boiler is designed and its design features are described in this paper. The operation of this boiler shows that its performance has achieved the desired results of energy-saving, environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of ash. Besides, the distillers' grain-fired boiler is also suitable for other biomass fuels.     

大型循环流化床锅炉中筛碎系统设备选型研究

根据循环流化床锅炉对入炉粒度的要求,结合设计、调研,对目前国内采用的4种筛碎系统组合方案及设备配置进行比较、研究,探讨了各种布置形式的优缺点,为了同时满足锅炉对燃料粒要求和锅炉要求的粒径分布曲线,提出如何对燃料粒径进行控制,防止过粉碎现象的发生,为类似工程筛碎系统的选择提出合理建议.     

Direct hydrogen production from cellulosic waste materials with a single-step dark fermentation process

Biohydrogen production from cellulosic waste materials using dark fermentation is a promising technology for producing renewable energy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate residual cellulosic materials generated from local sources for their H₂ production potential without any pretreatment. Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405, a cellulolytic, thermophilic bacterium that has been shown to be capable of H₂ production on both cellobiose and α-cellulose substrates, was used in simultaneous batch fermentation experiments with dried distillers grain (DDGs), barley hulls (BH) and fusarium head blight contaminated barley hulls (CBH) as the carbon source. Overall, the dried distillers grain produced the highest concentration of hydrogen gas at 1.27 mmol H₂/glucose equivalent utilized. CBH and BH produced 1.18 and 1.24 mmol H₂/glucose equivalent utilized, respectively. Overall, this study indicates that hydrogen derived from a variety of cellulosic waste biomass sources is a possible candidate for the development of sustainable energy.     

Energy balances in double-effect wick-type solar distillers

The theory of single-effect wick-type solar distillers has been extended to that of double-effect devices by using appropriate energy balances. The performance of double-effect solar distillers may be evaluated under various conditions by solving the theoretical energy-balance equations.     

Basin-type solar distillers with operating pressure reduced for improved performance

The theoretical and empirical equations for designing basin-type solar distillers with operating pressure reduced have been derived from energy and material balances coupled with experimental data. Considerable improvement in productivity was obtained by reducing the operating pressure in the solar distillers.     

The effects of climatic,design and operational parameters on the performance of wick-type solar distillers

The theory of wick-type solar distillers has been modified. The effects of climatic, design and operating conditions on the modified factor have been investigated experimentally, and a correlation equation derived. The effects of these conditions on the production rate of distilled water have also been presented.     

Effect of wheat gluten proteins on bioethanol yield from grain

Bioethanol can be used as motor fuel and/or as a gasoline enhancer. A high yield feedstock for bioethanol production is cereal grain. Cereal grains containing less gluten proteins (glutenin and gliadin), but high starch, are favoured by distillers because they increase the bioethanol conversion. The direct effect of wheat gluten proteins on bioethanol yield was studied on triticale grain. Examined triticale Presto 1R.1D₅₊₁₀-2 and Presto Valdy were developed by introducing selected segments of wheat chromosome 1D into triticale chromosome 1R. Even if the samples analysed in this study do not afford to make definitive assumptions, it can be noticed that in analysed cases the presence of gliadin had more significant effect on investigated parameters than the presence of glutenin. Despite the presence of glutenin subunits did not significantly decrease the investigated parameters – specific weight, Hagberg falling number and starch content in grain met the requirements for grain for bioethanol production – protein content was higher than is optimal. The fermentation experiments demonstrated good bioethanol yields but depression in grain yields caused by the presence of wheat gliadin and glutenin decreased the energy balance of Presto Valdy and Presto 1R.1D₅₊₁₀-2.     

Thermoeconomic analysis of a power/water cogeneration plant

Cogeneration plants for simultaneous production of water and electricity are widely used in the Arabian Gulf region. They have proven to be more thermodynamically efficient and economically feasible than single purpose power generation and water production plants. Yet, there is no standard or universally applied methodology for determining unit cost of electric power generation and desalinated water production by dual purpose plants.A comprehensive literature survey to critically assess and evaluate different methods for cost application in power/water cogeneration plants is reported in this paper. Based on this analysis, an in-depth thermoeconomic study is carried out on a selected power/water cogeneration plant that employs a regenerative Rankine cycle. The system incorporates a boiler, back pressure turbine (supplying steam to two MSF distillers), a deaerator and two feed water heaters. The turbine generation is rated at 118 MW, while MSF distiller is rated at 7.7 MIGD at a top brine temperature of 105 °C. An appropriate costing procedure based on the available energy accounting method which divides benefits of the cogeneration configuration equitably between electricity generation and water production is used to determine the unit costs of electricity and water. Capital charges of common equipment such as the boiler, deaerator and feed water heaters as well as boiler fuel costs are distributed between power generated and desalinated water according to available energy consumption of the major subsystems. A detailed sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the impact of the variation of fuel cost, load and availability factors in addition to capital recovery factor on electricity and water production costs.