响应面法优化酸奶粉的发酵工艺

为优化原料型高酸度酸奶粉发酵工艺,确保发酵乳酸度满足喷雾干燥后酸奶粉的酸度要求,以发酵时间、发酵温度和菌种添加量为主要因素,以发酵乳酸度为响应值,采用响应面法设计优化发酵工艺参数.结果 表明:酸奶粉发酵工艺最优参数为发酵时间7.5 h、发酵温度43℃、菌种添加量40 U/t;发酵乳酸度为125.80T,与模型预测的理论...     

枸杞粉喷雾干燥工艺优化研究

采用喷雾干燥法制备枸杞粉,研究麦芽糊精添加量对喷雾干燥工艺中粘壁情况及枸杞粉集粉率、水分含量和流动性的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,以枸杞粉集粉率为响应值,利用响应面法优化进料浓度、进风温度和雾化器转速,同时考察了最优工艺下枸杞粉的集粉率、水分含量和流动性。结果表明:枸杞粉喷雾干燥最优工艺参数为麦芽糊精添加量25%,进料浓度22%,进风温度150℃和雾化器转速270r/s,在最优喷雾干燥工艺参数下得到枸杞粉集粉率为47.55%,水分含量为4.11%和流动性为9.2cm。该研究结果为枸杞粉喷雾干燥工艺的完善提供了一定的参考。     

菠萝粉干燥特性的研究

对热风干燥和真空干燥菠萝粉进行了研究.探讨了热风干燥和真空干燥菠萝粉的干燥特性,并进行参数优化,得到干燥菠萝粉的最佳工艺条件.结果表明,热风干燥最佳干燥工艺参数为:温度70℃,风速2.5 m/s,物料量60 g;真空干燥的最佳干燥工艺参数为:真空度0.08 MPa,温度60℃,物料量60g.真空干燥所得菠萝粉感官指标明显优于热风干燥,Vc保留率也较高.     

喷雾干燥法制备直投式霉豆渣发酵剂的研究

以霉豆渣发酵菌种,雅致放射毛霉菌和运动发酵单胞菌存活率为响应值,利用响应面法对喷雾干燥的工艺进行优化.由响应面三维图推测得到制取雅致放射毛霉菌粉的工艺参数为进风温度133℃,菌泥与保护剂的配比1：3.5,进样流量8.7 mL/mim最佳的制取运动发酵单胞菌粉的工艺参数为进风温度138℃,菌泥与保护剂的配比1：3.1,进样流量8.8 mL/min.验证优化工艺参数得到的雅致放射毛霉菌存活率为84.06％、运动发酵单胞菌存活率为26.04％,与模型预测值非常接近.因此采用响应面法进行喷干条件优化合理可行.     

兔皮软化工序的影响因素

为更好地了解兔皮软化加工工序,用正交试验法对兔皮软化过程中的温度T、时间t、酶用量U及pH值等4个参数进行了工艺优化.结果表明,影响兔皮软化效果的顺序为温度＞pH值＞时间＞酶的用量,且在整个酶软化过程中,它们是相互关联的.软化浴中的酸介质对软化效果具有一定的影响,无机酸和有机酸的混合酸,效果最好.     

超声波法提取焙焦油莎豆粕速溶粉的工艺研究

以油莎豆粕为原料,采用均匀试验法进行焙焦工艺优化,同时采用超声波辅助水提法,并结合单因素试验设计及正交试验法优化速溶粉提取工艺参数.研究结果显示,最佳提取条件为超声时间60 min、超声功率20％,超微粉碎时间40 min和料液比1:30,此时油莎豆粕固形物提取率最高为35.47％.试验成果为进一步开发油莎豆速溶咖啡提...     

即食鳕鱼骨的工艺及其风味外撒粉的配方研究

以下脚料鳕鱼骨为主要原料,经去腥液(0.2 g八角+0.2 g桂皮+1.5 g生姜加于100 g水中)结合高压软化(工艺为:鱼骨与去腥液质量比1∶20,软化温度121℃,软化时间25 min)、油炸(160℃/4 min或180℃/3 min)、烘干(70℃、2 h)处理得到软化、酥化的鳕鱼骨;再经曲应面优化得到配方为:海鲜粉添加量17%、盐添加量19%、白糖粉添加量29%,外撒粉调味为大蒜粉、味精、八角粉和香叶粉质量比1∶1∶1∶1,外撒粉用量为鱼骨的3%。鱼骨配合外撒粉的总体得分达4.8分,感官、卫生指标合格,整体质量优于市售产品。     

益生菌燕麦冲调粉的研制

以活菌数为指标,为对益生菌燕麦冲调粉的制备工艺参数进行优化.通过Plackett-Burman试验对影响益生菌燕麦冲调粉中活菌数的因素进行筛选,并利用响应面试验对其进行优化.对益生菌燕麦冲调粉与燕麦冲调粉的理化性质进行对比研究.结果 表明,益生菌燕麦冲调粉的最佳制备工艺为焙烤温度160C、磨浆温度60 ℃、均质压力20...     

陇西特色荞粉传统生产工艺参数优化及消化特性研究

为推动甘肃陇西特色小吃“荞粉”的快速发展，文章以陇西荞粉传统制作方法为基础，结合淀粉糊化凝胶成型的基本原理，根据食品工厂化生产的基本要求，系统探讨陇西荞粉关键工艺参数(荞麦糁粒度、料液比、熟化时间、灭菌时间)对其品质的影响，通过响应面优化最适工艺参数。最终得到陇西荞粉工艺条件：荞麦糁粒度0.80 mm、料液比1:7.0、熟化时间470 s、灭菌时间23.5 min。经过重复试验验证，陇西荞粉的硬度238.42 gf、弹性21.48 mm、感官评分90.32分、菌落总数0.87 lg cfu/g，采用响应面Box-Behnken优化得到陇西荞粉最适工艺参数基本准确。通过消化特性实验显示，与市售样品相比，该优化工艺可以降低陇西荞粉的水解指数与血糖生成指数预测值，从而降低陇西荞粉的血糖生成指数(GI值)。该实验方案在优化陇西荞粉关键工艺参数的同时，提高了陇西荞粉的功能特性，为陇西荞粉的工业化应用提供数据支撑。     

青木瓜粉干燥工艺研究

对青木瓜(即番木瓜)粉的干燥工艺进行研究。通过不同干燥方法的应用,生产出质量较好的青木瓜粉,优化青木瓜粉的生产工艺参数。结果表明:在不同的干燥方法干燥应用过程中,喷雾干燥生产的青木瓜粉在口感、水溶性、流动性、粉体颜色等指标较好;青木瓜粉在喷雾干燥生产过程中工艺参数为:进口温度180℃,出口温度90℃;青木瓜粉配方为青木瓜4kg、柠檬酸2g、麦芽糊精30%(青木瓜浆白利糖度的30%)。采用喷雾干燥法生产的青木瓜粉水分为3.91%,木瓜蛋白酶活性达到4100U/g。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press