A Data‐Driven Framework for Visual Crowd Analysis

We present a novel approach for analyzing the quality of multi‐agent crowd simulation algorithms. Our approach is data‐driven, taking as input a set of user‐defined metrics and reference training data, either synthetic or from video footage of real crowds. Given a simulation, we formulate the crowd analysis problem as an anomaly detection problem and exploit state‐of‐the‐art outlier detection algorithms to address it. To that end, we introduce a new framework for the visual analysis of crowd simulations. Our framework allows us to capture potentially erroneous behaviors on a per‐agent basis either by automatically detecting outliers based on individual evaluation metrics or by accounting for multiple evaluation criteria in a principled fashion using Principle Component Analysis and the notion of Pareto Optimality. We discuss optimizations necessary to allow real‐time performance on large datasets and demonstrate the applicability of our framework through the analysis of simulations created by several widely‐used methods, including a simulation from a commercial game.     

Information Processing and Firm‐Internal Environment Contingencies: Performance Impact on Global New Product Development

Innovation in its essence is an information processing activity. Thus, a major factor impacting the success of new product development (NPD) programs, especially those responding to global markets, is the firm's ability to access, share and apply NPD information, which is often widely dispersed, functionally, geographically and culturally. To this end, an IT‐communication strength is essential, one that is nested in an internal organizational environment that ensures its effective functioning. Using organizational information processing (OIP) theory as a framework, superior global NPD program performance is shown to result from an effective IT/Communication strength and the commitment components of the firm's internal environment, which are hypothesized to moderate this relationship. IT/Communication strength is identified in this study in terms of two components including the IT/Comm Infrastructure and IT/Comm Capability of the firm, whereas the moderating internal environment of the firm incorporates Resource Commitment and Senior Management Involvement. Data from a major empirical study of international NPD programs (382 SBUs) are used to develop and test this model. Based on a hierarchical regression analysis, the results are substantially supportive, with some unexpected findings. These shed light on the complex relationships of the firm's internal environment, OIP competency, and global NPD program performance.     

A Multi‐Level Model for Organizational Ambidexterity in the Search Phase of the Innovation Process

Innovation is one of the most critical means in supporting and improving the competitive position of the firm, in particular, and a firm's survival and growth depend greatly on its ability to balance the exploitation of existing knowledge with the exploration of new possibilities, by building ambidexterity capability. While different alternatives to realize the simultaneous reconciliation of exploration and exploitation at an operational level have been proposed, how organizations build ambidexterity capability is not fully understood. The aim of this paper is thus to explore how exploration and exploitation balancing can be achieved in practice. We decided to focus on the early phase of the process where firms search for new ideas with which to renew themselves. To this end, we analysed the search phase of a highly innovative technology‐based company by investigating structural design choices combined with the presence of specific roles and searching practices. The results show how the exploration and exploitation balancing act can actually be achieved and maintained through a multi‐level approach that integrates both the operational and the strategic levels. Our findings thus contribute to the organizational ambidexterity literature, by proposing a first interpretative model for dealing with ambidexterity in the search phase of the innovation process.     

风险评估与业务影响分析的区别与联系

在信息安全管理工作中经常会遇到两个术语:风险评估(RA)与业务影响分析(BIA),两者具有很大的相似性,却又是两个不同的概念,它们的关注点和侧重点均有所差别,从多个方面对两个概念的区别与联系进行了分析.     

A Threshold Neuron Model Based on the Processing of Difference Slices

A mathematical model of neurons for multilayer neural networks is proposed. An algorithm of parallel summation of numbers stored in a array with the use of the principle of difference slices is considered. The possibility of overlapping of the operations of summation of numbers of an array and comparison of partial sums with an external threshold is shown. __________ Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 4, pp. 78–89, July–August 2005.     

A Note on the Difference between the Camera Resection and the PnP Problem

The camera resection and the PnP problem are both of great importance in computer vision field.However,these two fundamentally different problems are often mistaken one another in the literature.In this short note,the essential differences of these two problems are clarified,and such a clarification seems helpful for those who are working on the problems.     

试析中西方绘画形式异同之思想根源

中国人在绘画艺术上走的道路与西方绘画不同,究其思想根源在于中国文化中的艺术精神。一方面是孔孟儒家所显现的"中和之美"的典型;另一方面是由老庄道家所显现出来的彻底的纯艺术精神的性格。中国艺术家在儒道思想的影响下,致力于自身与天道的融合,西方的画家则是在希腊文化和基督教文明人文主义思想的光环中完成自己理想的嬗变。     

基于BiGRU和注意力交互模型的方面级情感分析

针对传统神经网络模型无法有效识别文本中特定方面情感倾向,以及不同词语对句子的情感极性贡献不同等问题,文章提出了基于BiGRU的注意力交互模型(BiGRU-IAT).该文使用Bert预训练模型分别对句子和方面词编码,充分考虑词语在上下文中的关联性,可以有效解决词语多义性问题.双向GRU网络提取文本语义信息得到隐藏层向量表示,接下来利用注意力机制捕捉句子和方面词之间的交互信息,为词语分配相应的权重分数.在SemEval 2014数据集上的实验结果表明,BiGRU-IAT模型在准确率和F1值上优于传统神经网络模型.     

Using a Two‐Level Structure to Manage the Point Location Problem in Explicit Model Predictive Control

The problem of determining the state region in which the current state point lies is referred to as the point location problem in the explicit model predictive control. In this paper, a two‐level structure to store the state regions is proposed and two efficient methods for solving the point‐location problem are developed; these are the two‐level grid (TLG) method and the grid‐BST method. The TLG method uses a tow‐level hash table. Before building the two‐level structure, the synonymy partitions are merged to reduce the memory storage demand. By setting each parameter in a triplet, the two‐level hash table can reach its optimal state and balance the complexity among the memory storage, reprocessing (offline computation) and the online computation. The grid‐BST method uses hash table as the first‐level structure and builds the binary search tree in the hash grid in which there are many partitions. This two‐level structure reduces reprocessing time significantly especially when the state partitions and the piecewise affine control laws (PWA control laws) are in a large number. Using the hyperplane (HP) as the node (not leaf node) of the tree, the method only stores all the different PWA control laws instead of the state partitions. The two proposed methods overcome the quick complexity growth when the number of polyhedral partitions increases and 2 numerical examples show the advantages of the proposed two methods.     

浅析企业发展中广告与CI的作用及关系

广告和CI作为一种信息和视觉传递形式,在对现代企业的发展中起着重要作用。这已经是无可非议的事实了。文章首先叙述广告和CI的概念,以及两者分别对现代企业发展的作用,然后分析两者之间的不同点、相同点以及相辅相成的关系,充分注意两者之间相互促进、相互强化、而又相互制约,共同为企业的发展发挥巨大作用。     

Reflecting on Connecting: Meta‐Analysis of Differences Between Computer‐Mediated and Face‐to‐Face Self‐Disclosure

Self‐disclosure is a key concept in computer‐mediated communication (CMC) theory and research, but disagreement exists about the impact of CMC, relative to face‐to‐face (FtF) communication, on self‐disclosure. We conducted a meta‐analysis of studies comparing self‐disclosure in CMC and FtF communication to summarize and clarify existing research. We also examined potential moderators of this difference—measure of self‐disclosure, study design (survey or experiment), interaction context (task or social), type of CMC (text‐based or video‐based), and interaction length. Overall, self‐disclosure was higher in FtF communication than in CMC. Measure of self‐disclosure, study design, and type of CMC moderated this difference. Findings suggest mixed support for predictions derived from key CMC theories and a need for CMC theory to more explicitly address self‐disclosure.     

一种设备业务故障分级检测与预警聚合分析模式研究

传统故障预警检测方法存在普适性差、预警信息不详细、缺乏针对性的问题.针对当前遇到的问题,通过分析设备业务运行状态与监控统计数据特点,将分类与聚合的方法应用于设备业务故障预警检测,设计了一种设备业务故障分级检测与预警聚合分析模式,并详细阐述该检测模式的实现方法.     

A Biophysically‐Based Model of the Optical Properties of Skin Aging

This paper presents a time‐varying, multi‐layered biophysically‐based model of the optical properties of human skin, suitable for simulating appearance changes due to aging. We have identified the key aspects that cause such changes, both in terms of the structure of skin and its chromophore concentrations, and rely on the extensive medical and optical tissue literature for accurate data. Our model can be expressed in terms of biophysical parameters, optical parameters commonly used in graphics and rendering (such as spectral absorption and scattering coefficients), or more intuitively with higher‐level parameters such as age, gender, skin care or skin type. It can be used with any rendering algorithm that uses diffusion profiles, and it allows to automatically simulate different types of skin at different stages of aging, avoiding the need for artistic input or costly capture processes. While the presented skin model is inspired on tissue optics studies, we also provided a simplified version valid for non‐diagnostic applications.     

Reducing the Health and Digital Divides: A Model for Using Community‐Based Participatory Research Approach to E‐Health Interventions in Low‐Income Hispanic Communities

Low‐income Hispanics are the most digitally underserved population in the U.S. This article examines the potential of community‐based participatory research approach to e‐health to decrease the disparities in access to technology and health information in low‐income Hispanic communities. To demonstrate this framework, we describe the process of designing a community‐based e‐health intervention to increase knowledge and parental self‐efficacy in coping with young children's mental health problems including mental health service utilization. Our model incorporates utilizing promotoras de salud (lay community health educators) and community media principles to create the content of e‐health interventions and train community members in using the technology. This case study illustrates the processes involved in using this approach, barriers for participatory e‐health interventions in bridging the Digital Divide, and lessons learned.     

基于辐射度与Phong模型的高级光照模型及光线跟踪实现

光线跟踪算法所基于的的Phong光照模型对于面片之间的辐射与色素渗透效应(即漫反射相互反射,diffuseinterreflection)表现不足,该文在辐射度与Phong光照模型的理论基础上提出了高级光照模型,并对该模型提出相应的简化模型及加速算法予以实现。     

服装行业电子商务模式研究

本文深入分析了服装产业实施电子商务的可能性和必然性,进而提出了服装业电子商务的B—B和B—C模式,并给出了服装在线零售的基本模型。最后,对当前电子商务中的存在的问题进行了初步探讨。     

Technological Environment and Technology Entrepreneurship: A Cross‐Country Analysis

Recent years have seen growing interest in the influence of the environment on entrepreneurship. However, little is known about the impact of the country‐level technological environment on the creation of new technology‐based firms. This study investigates the relationship between the technological environment (measured by the amount of investment in R&D, and access to information and communication technology [ICT] infrastructure) and technology entrepreneurship, in 54 countries during the years 2005 to 2010. Using data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, and the World Bank Development Indicators, we identify a significant, robust inverted U‐shaped relationship between R&D investment at country level and the likelihood of technology entrepreneurship. We also find evidence of a positive relationship between access to ICT infrastructure and the likelihood of technology entrepreneurship.     

A Variational Model for Object Segmentation Using Boundary Information and Shape Prior Driven by the Mumford-Shah Functional

In this paper, we propose a new variational model to segment an object belonging to a given shape space using the active contour method, a geometric shape prior and the Mumford-Shah functional. The core of our model is an energy functional composed by three complementary terms. The first one is based on a shape model which constrains the active contour to get a shape of interest. The second term detects object boundaries from image gradients. And the third term drives globally the shape prior and the active contour towards a homogeneous intensity region. The segmentation of the object of interest is given by the minimum of our energy functional. This minimum is computed with the calculus of variations and the gradient descent method that provide a system of evolution equations solved with the well-known level set method. We also prove the existence of this minimum in the space of functions with bounded variation. Applications of the proposed model are presented on synthetic and medical images.     

Bubbling Up the Good Ideas: A Two‐Mode Network Analysis of an Intra‐Organizational Idea Challenge

Organizations have been experimenting with intraorganizational crowdsourcing (IOC), yet the mechanisms of IOC production remain an underresearched topic. Drawing on a 2‐mode ERGM, we examine structural mechanisms and individual‐level factors that shape the network structure of idea generation and selection yielded by an IOC idea challenge in a global IT corporation. Results show a Matthew effect leading to 1) highly centralized employee participation around a few “superactive” employees who engage with many ideas and 2) highly centralized idea popularity with a few ideas attracting most employee attention. We find support for shared affiliations among employee‐idea clusters in the first half of the participation, which is, however, less likely in the second half. We also find support for geographic homophily.