牙科用Ti-Mo合金的研制及组织性能特点

对不同Mo含量（5％、10％、15％和20％，质量分数）的二元Ti-Mo合金的显微组织和机械性能进行了研究。结果表明：当Mo含量为5％时，合金由单一的等轴α相组成；Mo含量为10％时，等轴α晶粒内部有针状析出物；当Mo含量为15％、20％时，合金由单一的等轴声β组成。Mo含量为10％，合金的综合性能最好：硬度为4510MPa，压缩强度为1636MPa，压缩率为22．5％，弹性模量为29．8GPa。Mo含量的增加有利于合金组织的细化，塑性的提高。Ti-Mo合金是一种有发展前景的口腔修复用钛合金。     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-1Mn-3.5Y and Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloys

Both Mg-1Mn-3.5Y and Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloys(mass fraction,%)were extruded at 380℃.Most of the(10 10) crystal planes in the Mg-1Mn-3.5Y alloy are parallel to the normal direction,while most of the(10 11)crystal planes in the Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloy are parallel to the normal direction.The tensile tests at room temperature,100℃ and 200℃ show that the Mg-1Mn-3.5Y alloy exhibits higher yield strength,but lower elongation to failure as compared with the Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloy. These differences in the tensile mechanical properties between the two alloys are mainly attributed to their different texture types and amount and distribution of the Mg24Y5 precipitates.The serration flow behavior is observed in the Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloy at 200℃,but does not occur in the Mg-1Mn-3.5Y alloy.The Mg-1Mn-3.5Y alloy shows the cleavage fracture mode,while the Mg-1Mn-1Y-2.5Nd alloy exhibits the dimple fracture mode.     

TiAl基合金的工艺—显微组织—力学性能关系

因密度、比刚度、高温比强度和阻燃性等方面的优势,TiAl基金属间化合物被认为是最有应用潜力的新一代结构材料。室温脆性以及延性、蠕变性能和其它性能的平衡是阻碍TiAl基合金作为高温结构材料实际应用的主要障碍。在分析合金化对组织与性能的影响及机理、加工／热处理 对组织与性能的影响、变形和断裂机制、显微组织与拉伸性能的关系、抗氧化性及改善、蠕变性能与蠕变机制的基础上,论述了TiAl基合金的工艺－显微组织－力学性能关系。     

Mg-2Nd合金的组织与力学性能

在铸钢坩锅中熔炼制备了Mg-2Nd二元镁合金,试样经不同热处理工艺处理后,测试合金的室温拉伸性能,采用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）及透射电镜（TEM）观察合金的显微组织,通过X射线衍射法（XRD）和能谱分析（XEDS）及选区电子衍射花样进行合金中的物相鉴别和微观成分分析。结果表明：Mg-2Nd合金的铸态组织由α-Mg基体和呈离异共晶形貌的Mg12Nd相组成;热挤压后,Mg12Nd相沿挤压方向呈纤维或颗粒状分布;挤压过程中发生动态再结晶,合金的抗拉强度（σb）由铸态的148.8 MPa提高到挤压态的210.2 MPa,伸长率（δ）由铸态的2.8%提高到挤压态的19.9%;热挤压和热轧成形的Mg-2Nd合金,直接时效T5（extruded、rolled）处理能产生形变强化和时效硬化双重作用,其中T5（rolled）态合金σb高达276.4 MPa,δ较热轧态提高了64%;T5（rolled）态组织中出现了β′和β沉淀,尺度均在50 nm左右,对合金产生了明显的时效强化作用。     

Evaluation of Ti-Cr-Cu alloys for dental applications

This study examined the characteristics of as-cast Ti-Cr(7–19%)-Cu(3–7%) (all percentages in this article are mass%) alloys to evaluate their suitability for dental applications; studies on the alloy structures and mechanical properties, grindability, and corrosion behavior were included in the investigation. The alloys were centrifugally cast and bench-cooled in investment molds. The x-ray diffractometry of the as-cast alloys bench-cooled in the molds indicated the following phases: α+β+ω in the 7% Cr and 7% Cr+3% Cu; β+ω in the 13%Cr; and β in the 13%Cr+3% Cu through the 19%Cr+3% Cu alloys. The strengths of the binary β Ti-Cr and ternary β Ti-Cr-Cu alloys with 13 and 19% Cr were approximately two times higher than those of CP Ti. The alloy ductility was dependent on the chemical composition and thus, the microstructure. The 7% Cr alloys were extremely brittle and hard due to the ω phase, but the ductility was restored in the 13 and 19% Cr alloys. The hardness (HV) of the cast 13 and 19% Cr alloys was approximately 300–350 compared with a value of 200 for CP Ti. The grindability of the cast alloys was examined using a rotating SiC wheel at speeds (circumferential) of 500 and 1250 m/min. At the higher speed, the grindability of the 13 and 19% Cr alloys increased with the Cu content. The grindability of the 13% Cr alloy with 7% Cu was similar to that of CP Ti. Evaluation of the corrosion behavior in an artificial saliva revealed that the alloys are like many other titanium alloys within the normal intraoral oxidation potential. The wear resistance testing of these alloys also showed favorable results. This paper was presented at the Beta Titanium Alloys of the 00’s Symposium by the Titanium Committee of TMS, held during the 2005 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition, February 13–16, 2005 in San Francisco, CA.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Mg and Al-Zn-Mg based alloys containing minor scandium and zirconium

1　INTRODUCTIONAddingofminorMn ,Cr ,Ti,B ,Zr ,Sc ,Agintoaluminumalloyscanremarkablychangethemi crostructuresandpropertiesofaluminumalloys[18] .Amongthem ,theeffectofminorScandZrhasre ceivedspecialattention .Onthe 1stInternationalScandiumConferenceheldinMoscowin 1994 ,Rus sianmetallurgistsdescribedtheapplicationprospectofaluminumalloyscontainingScinaerospace ,aviation ,warshipsandnuclearindustry ,whichhasstimulatedmanyindustrialcountries’researchinterestinthiskindofalloys .Atpresent…     

SPS法制备p-型四元Al-Bi-Sb-Te合金的微结构与热电性能

采用SPS法制备了p-型四元Al-Bi-Sb-Te合金,研究其微结构和热电性能.结果表明:Al含量直接影响材料的电、热学输运性能.当材料中Al替代Sb元素后,四元合金AlxBi0.5Sb15-xTe3(x=0.05～0.2)的电导率明显增大;在室温附近,x=0.1的合金其电导率可达3.3×104Ω-1·m-1,大约是三元Bi0.5Sb1.5 Te3合金的2倍;四元合金系的最小Seebeck系数α为115μV/K,说明材料属p-型半导体;当温度为411 K时,合金AlxBi0.5-Sb1.5-xTe3(x=0.1)的ZT值出现最大值,其值为0.58,是同温度下典型三元Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3合金的1.6倍.     

Corrosion behavior of Ti-Mo alloys cold rolled and heat treated

Corrosion behavior of (α + β) Ti-10Mo and β Ti-20Mo (mass%) alloys cold rolled and solution heat treated was investigated by studying the anodic polarization curves at 310 K in 5 mol% HCl solution to determine the potential use of those alloys in biomedical applications. The anodic films formed on the surfaces of the alloys were examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results reveal that both of the Ti-Mo alloys cold rolled and solution treated exhibit a passive behavior in 5% HCl solution, which is attributed to the passive film formation of a mixture of MoO₃ and TiO₂. The cold rolling process does not influence the formation of passive films on the Ti-Mo alloys although it slightly increases the passive current densities. The corrosion resistance of the Ti-Mo alloys increases with Mo content and both of the Ti-Mo alloys exhibit better corrosion resistance than commercial pure Ti—the currently used metallic biomaterial.     

医用CoCrMoC合金的组织结构及耐磨损性能

以铸造CoCrMoC合金（ASTMF 75-82）为研究对象，通过金相观察，XRD，SEM和EDX分析以及磨损试验，研究了该合金在不同热处理条件下的显微结构与耐磨损性能。结果表明：不含C的CoCrMo合金的耐磨损性能几乎不受热处理制度的影响：含C的CoCrMoC合金在1100℃以上温度固溶处理耐磨损性能明显提高，其中1200℃是最佳温度，固溶后时效处理降低合金的耐磨损性能。分析认为，固溶引起的fcc钴基体固溶强化和适当的碳化物分布是提高耐磨损性能的主要原因，而时效引起的基体fcc相→hcp相的等温马氏体相变对耐磨损性能影响不大。     

Mg-Gd-Y-(Mn, Zr)合金的显微组织和力学性能

采用溶剂保护方法制备了合金Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.65Mn和Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.6Zr,并挤压成棒材。通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和透射电镜等分析研究了这两种合金铸态和变形态的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:铸态含Mn合金的晶粒粗大,而含Zr合金的晶粒细得多,Zr能有效地细化Mg-RE合金的晶粒;热变形加工使两种合金的晶粒度大大减小,拉伸强度大幅提高,在同等加工条件下,含Mn合金形变细化晶粒作用更显著;两种变形合金都有非常高的室温和300℃高温强度,但含Mn合金的延伸率较高;含Zr变形镁合金适宜通过T5处理,而含Mn变形镁合金适宜通过T6处理提高其综合拉伸力学性能。     

Structure and properties of ceramic coatings formed on aluminum alloys by microarc oxidation

The thick and hard ceramic coatings were deposited on 2024 AI alloy by microarc oxidation in the electrolytic solution. Microstructure, phase composition and wear resistance of the oxide coatings were investigated by SEM, XRD and friction and wear tester. The microhardness and thickness of the oxide coatings were measured. The results show that the ceramic coating is mainly composed of α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3. During oxidation, the temperature in the microarc discharge channel is very high to make the local coating molten. From the surface to interior of the coating, microhardness increases gradually. The microhardness of the ceramic coating is HV 1 800, and the microarc oxidation coatings greatly improve the antiwear properties of aluminum alloys.     

AlCoCrFeNiBx 高熵合金微结构与性能

本文系统研究了 B 元素对高熵AlCoCrFeNiBx (x denotes the atomic fraction of B element 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0)合金的微结构和性能的影响。其中添加的B元素含量为0.1时AlCoCrFeNi 高熵合金的形貌从等轴晶转变为枝晶形貌。 其中在等轴晶的内部可以观测到调幅分解结构。当 x>0.1时, 枝晶和调幅分解结构都逐渐消失了,但是越来越多的硼化物开始出现了。这个转变归因于 Cr-B 和Co-B之间高的负混合焓.随着B元素的增加, AlCoCrFeNiBx高熵合金的结构从B2 BCC 结构向B2 BCC FCC 结构的转变, 最后形成了 B2 BCC FCC 以及硼化物的混合结构。 随着B元素的添加硬度值从 HV486.0 下降到了 HV460.7, 然后增加到 HV615.7,其中x=0.1时合金的硬度最低。合金的压缩强度随B元素的增加明显下降,当x=0.25时,合金具有最大的压缩强度,但是当x =0.75时, 由于硼化物的大量生成合金在弹性变形阶段就发生了断裂。随着B含量增多合金的矫顽力和饱和磁化强度开始下降. 下降的矫顽力显示合金具有很好的软磁性能。     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of high strength Mg-Zn-Mn alloy

The microstructures and mechanical properties of a new Mg-6%Zn-1%Mn(mass fraction) wrought magnesium alloy were studied,which could be extruded smoothly at 310-330℃with a complete dynamic recrystallization.After solution treatment one and two-step aging techniques were used.All as-aged microstructures contained two types of dispersed phases:β' phases and pureα-Mn particles.The two-step aging had a better strengthening effect than the traditional one-step aging,and the strength value achieved by the two-s...     

铸态Mg-Li-Al-xSi合金微观组织和力学性能

本文通过真空熔炼炉在氩气保护下制备了Mg-9Li-3Al-xSi(x=0,0.1,0.5,1.0 wt%)合金。实验使用光学显微镜(OM),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),力学性能测试和X射线衍射(XRD)研究合金的微观组织和力学性能。实验结果表明：铸态Mg-9Li-3Al合金组织中主要由α-Mg、β-Li、Mg₁₇Al₁₂相组成。加入Si后,合金中出现了新相Mg₂Si,晶粒得到了明显细化;当合金中的Si含量过高时,α-Mg相粗化,且会在相界处出现块状和汉字状的Mg₂Si相。合金的强度随着Si含量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,合金的延伸率随着Si含量的增加呈现逐渐降低的趋势。当合金中Si含量为0.1%时,抗拉强度达到最大值182.5MPa,延伸率为12.1%,相比未添加Si的Mg-9Li-3Al合金,抗拉强度提高了59.6%。     

Mg-Al-Cu系砂型铸造镁合金组织和性能研究

设计了Mg-Al-Cu系的3种新合金AC33，AC53和AC63。发现3种实验合金的相组成相同：δ-Mg基体＋（δ-Mg＋Mg2Al2Cu3）共晶＋（δ-Mg＋Mg17Al2＋Mg2Al2Cu3）三元共晶。实验合金的室温力学性能优良。3种实验合金在200℃，50MPa条件下的蠕变抗力明显优于AZ91C合金，其中AC53合金的抗高温蠕变性能最优。Cu从以下途径影响了Mg-xAl合金的蠕变特性：Cu的添加抑制了Mg17Al12相的析出，使合金耐热性提高。该系列实验合金单从力学性能和抗蠕变性能来看，是非常有发展潜力的。     

加钛方式与钛含量对A356合金组织和性能的影响

研究了不同钛含量的电解A356合金的组织和力学性能,并与相应钛含量的熔配加钛A356合金进行了比较.结果表明:随着钛含量的增加,二者的晶粒和一次枝晶都明显细化,硅颗粒尺寸、纵横比均有所降低,硅颗粒圆形度有所增加,意味着硅颗粒形状得到改善.但当钛含量大于0.1%时,这种影响变弱.钛含量和加钛方式对合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度影响不大且二者相当,但塑性随着钛含量的增加而增加,当钛含量达到0.1%时,两种合金均具有最佳的塑性和质量系数.对具有相同钛含量的合金,电解加钛A356合金的晶粒和Si颗粒的尺寸小于相应钛含量熔配加钛A356合金,硅颗粒圆形度也优于相应熔配加钛A356合金,电解A356合金的塑性、质量系数均优于相应钛含量的熔配加钛A356合金,但加钛方式对硅颗粒纵横比影响不系统.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of 2014 aluminium alloy forgings made by a new process

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｔｒｉｃｔｅｒａｎｄｓｔｒｉｃｔｅｒｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｎａｌｕｍｉｎｉｕｍａｌｌｏｙｆｏｒｇｉｎｇｓａｒｅａｌｗａｙｓｂｅｉｎｇｐｕｔｆｏｒｗａｒｄｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｍｏｄｅｒｎａｅｒｏｓｐａｃｅｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ ,ｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｆｏｒｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ ,ｌｏｗｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ ,ｂｕｔａｌｓｏｆｏｒｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｄｕｃｔｉｌｉｔｙ .Ｔｈｅ 2 0 1 4ａｌｌｏｙｉｓａｓｏｒｔｏｆｈｉｇｈｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈａｌｕｍｉｎｉｕｍａ…     

冷轧压下量对时效6156铝合金组织与性能的影响

采用拉伸试验、金相观察、X射线衍射、扫描电镜及透射电镜等,研究了180 ℃/1 h欠时效+50~80%压下量冷轧+100 ℃/48 h再时效的6156铝合金组织和力学性能。拉伸测试表明,合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和断裂延伸率分别为515~564 MPa、472~551 MPa和5.7~11.1%,获得高强度和良好塑性。微观分析表明,合金强度源于形变强化和析出强化共同作用,并随压下量增加而增大;合金塑性改善源于位错密度下降和析出强化增强;拉伸断口上沿晶与穿晶断裂并存,增大压下量,韧窝变浅、数量增加。     

Mg-0.5Zr-1.8Zn-xGd生物镁合金的组织与性能

在较高的熔炼温度(780±5 ℃)下,研究了Gd含量对铸态Mg-0.5Zr-1.8Zn-xGd生物镁合金组织、力学性能及耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：Gd含量在0-2.5wt%时,合金的晶粒尺寸随Gd含量的增加逐渐减小,未含Gd合金主要由α-Mg和少量分散的微米级Zr颗粒组成,而含Gd合金则主要由α-Mg和不同形貌的(Mg, Zn)₃Gd相组成。合金的力学性能随Gd含量的增加先升高后降低,Gd含量为1.5wt%时,合金具有较好的力学性能。与此同时,合金的耐腐蚀性能也随Gd含量的增加先增强后减弱,Gd含量为1.5wt%时,分布均匀且尺寸细小的网状第二相使其具有较好的耐腐蚀性能,在120 h的浸泡实验中,静态腐蚀速率为0.801±0.04 mm/a,腐蚀形貌较为均匀。