凝固型绿豆雪莲果酸奶的研制

以绿豆、雪莲果和鲜牛奶为主要原料,对凝固型绿豆雪莲果酸奶的加工工艺进行了研究.通过单因素试验,研究了绿豆浆、雪莲果汁的添加量以及稳定剂添加量对绿豆雪莲果酸奶质量的影响;通过正交试验确定了绿豆雪莲果酸奶发酵的最佳配方.     

雪莲果乳酸发酵酸奶的研制

以雪莲果牛乳为主要原料,运用正交试验方法,确定了雪莲果乳酸发酵酸奶的配方和加工工艺。最终确定雪莲果汁与脱脂乳比例为5：5、白砂糖6％、黄原胶0．2％、发酵剂接种量4％。生产的产品具有雪莲果的保健功效和奶制品的营养功能以及雪莲果和酸乳所特有的香气,香甜适口,组织均匀,口感细腻。     

雪莲果乳酸发酵酸奶的研制

将雪莲果汁加到酸奶中,以起到保健和药疗作用。经实验确定了雪莲果汁与脱脂乳体积比为5：5,白砂糖6g／100g,黄原胶和CMC分别为0．1g／100g,发酵剂接种量3g／100g。该酸奶具有雪莲果的保健功效和奶制品的营养功能,产品具有雪莲果和酸乳所特有的香气,香甜适口,组织均匀,口感细腻。     

凝固型杏鲍菇酸奶的研制

以杏鲍菇子实体、鲜牛乳为主要原料,以感官评分为评价指标,采用单因素和正交试验确定并优化了凝固型杏鲍菇酸奶的加工工艺和配方。凝固型杏鲍菇酸奶由杏鲍菇浆和牛奶按比例混合,并加入适量白砂糖、增稠剂、甜味剂,经均质、杀菌、冷却后添加混合乳酸菌发酵剂,于42℃发酵3 h,4-6℃冷藏后熟而制得;试验结果表明,最优配方为杏鲍菇浆与鲜牛奶的配比1∶6,添加蔗糖3%,安赛蜜0.15‰,增稠剂0.06%（海藻酸丙二醇酯∶果胶=4∶2）,采用保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌为发酵剂（1∶1.5）,接种量为2.5%。终产品风味良好,具有广泛的市场应用前景。     

苦荞-雪莲果酸奶的研制

以苦荞麦、雪莲果和全脂奶粉为主要原料,研究了保健型苦荞-雪莲果酸奶的加工工艺。 通过单因素及正交试验确定了保健型 苦荞-雪莲果酸奶的最佳工艺条件为苦荞麦添加量1.5%,雪莲果添加量10.0%,蔗糖添加量7%,双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium）接种量 0.10%,发酵温度44 ℃,发酵时间7.0 h。 在此工艺条件下,酸奶感官评分为92分,酸度为83.00 °T,酸奶色泽黄白,具有苦荞、雪莲果和酸 乳所特有的香气,组织均匀,口感最佳。     

凝固型绿豆酸奶的研制

以鲜牛奶、绿豆粉和白砂糖为主要原料,以变性淀粉、琼脂为稳定剂,通过对不同配方及工艺条件进行正交试验,确定了凝固型绿豆酸奶的最佳工艺和配方。结果表明,当蔗糖含量为8%,绿豆粉为1.5%,变性淀粉为0.8%,琼脂为0.15%,发酵温度为42℃,制作的凝固型绿豆酸奶品质最佳。     

百香果凝固型酸奶的研制

研究了以百香果汁和牛奶为原料,通过德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种和嗜热链球菌发酵百香果酸奶的工艺。通过单因素和正交试验确定出最佳发酵工艺条件蔗糖含量为7%,菌种比例为1∶1,接种量为5%,百香果汁含量为5%,发酵温度为43℃,发酵3.5h左右。该产品略带浅黄色,质地均匀、细腻,酸甜适口,并具有百香果和酸奶特有的香味。     

凝固型枸杞酸奶的研制

以枸杞、脱脂奶为主要原料，白砂糖、稳定剂等为辅助原料，采用驯化的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌进行发酵，通过正交试验，产品最佳配方是枸杞浆：脱脂乳1：12，糖6％，接种量8％，明胶0．20％，采用0．20％抗坏血酸护色，83℃30min杀菌条件，于42℃发酵280min可以制得营养丰富，气味纯正，酸甜可口，具有保健功能的凝固型枸杞酸奶。     

鲜芦笋汁凝固型酸奶的研制

以芦笋汁、牛奶为原料制备鲜芦笋汁凝固型酸奶的工艺工程.通过对比研究、正交实验、极差分析等方法,研究了凝固型山药花粉酸奶的最佳工艺条件为鲜芦笋汁加量为10%,糖量为7%,发酵温度为40℃,接种量3%.该产品营养丰富,具有一定的保健功能.     

凝固型红豆颗粒酸奶的研制

研究了制备凝固型红豆颗粒酸奶的工艺条件。结果表明:红豆浸泡8 h,蒸煮1 h,效果最佳。采用正交实验,确定酸奶的最优配方和发酵条件为:红豆添加量10%,奶粉添加量8%,蔗糖添加量8%,接种量4%(均为质量分数),发酵时间4 h,发酵温度42℃。     

凝固型酸牛奶发酵剂的筛选及应用

选取3种酸牛奶发酵剂SVV-A,SVV-B和09C-D,制成凝固型酸牛奶。通过单因素和正交试验确定了最佳发酵剂和制备工艺:发酵剂为SVV-B,发酵温度为37℃,蔗糖添加量为8%。在此条件下发酵的凝固型酸牛奶酸度为93°T,活菌数可达5.8×107CFU/mL,口感清爽,酸甜适口,质地均匀。     

凝固型贡菊酸奶的研制

研制凝固型贡菊酸奶,探讨其生产工艺,筛选出原料添加的最佳配方,并检测成品中乳酸菌活菌数.实验结果表明,以保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌(1∶1)混合作为发酵菌种,4％接种量,添加15％贡菊茶,7％白砂糖,9％奶粉,于41℃发酵,所制成的贡菊酸奶,组织状态好,口感细腻,有酸奶和菊花茶特有的清香,乳酸菌活菌数高达2.66× 109c fu/mL.其生产工艺流程简单、可行,是一种有开发前景的新型保健乳制品.     

A method for manufacturing superior set yogurt under reduced oxygen conditions

The yogurt starters Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus are well-known facultatively anaerobic bacteria that can grow in oxygenated environments. We found that they removed dissolved oxygen (DO) in a yogurt mix as the fermentation progressed and that they began to produce acid actively after the DO concentration in the yogurt mix was reduced to 0 mg/kg, suggesting that the DO retarded the production of acid. Yogurt fermentation was carried out at 43 or 37°C both after the DO reduction treatment and without prior treatment. Nitrogen gas was mixed and dispersed into the yogurt mix after inoculation with yogurt starter culture to reduce the DO concentration in the yogurt mix. The treatment that reduced DO concentration in the yogurt mix to approximately 0 mg/kg beforehand caused the starter culture LB81 used in this study to enter into the exponential growth phase earlier. Furthermore, the combination of reduced DO concentration in the yogurt mix beforehand and incubation at a lower temperature (37°C) resulted in a superior set yogurt with a smooth texture and strong curd structure.     

凝固型咖啡酸奶的研制

以全脂乳粉、脱脂乳粉、咖啡为主要原料,添加蔗糖,以安琪酵母8型菌为发酵剂,酸奶感官品质评分和酸奶黏度的综合评分为考察指标,采用正交试验方法对凝固型咖啡酸奶配方进行优化,得到最佳的发酵咖啡酸奶的工艺与配方。结果表明,在发酵温度为42 ℃条件下发酵6 h,脂肪含量3.4%,咖啡添加量1.0%,蔗糖添加量6%,8菌型发酵剂添加量0.1%,发酵后在4 ℃条件下冷藏24 h,获得的发酵酸奶的感官品质评分为89分,黏度为5 640 mPa·s,产品组织状态均匀,口感细腻,略带有咖啡香味,感官评价最佳。最佳发酵条件下的酸度为88 °T,pH值为4.24,乳酸菌活菌数为1.25×108 CFU/mL,符合GB 19302—2010对酸奶品质的规定。     

A new method for producing superior set yogurt,focusing on heat treatment and homogenization

Extended shelf life (ESL) processing (i.e., heat treatment at 130°C for 2 s) is usually not used for producing set yogurt because of the fragility of the curd structure. We investigated the effects of homogenization conducted at higher pressure than the conventional conditions (10 MPa for the first stage and 5 MPa for the second stage) on the curd structure of set yogurt, with a focus on the fat globule size. Each yogurt mix was adjusted at the range of fat globule sizes from 0.45 μm to 1.1 μm by a homogenizer and then heated at 95°C for 5 min (conventional heat treatment), 120°C for 2 s, ESL processing, or 140°C for 2 s. The yogurt mixes were fermented by a common yogurt starter, and the curd texture of the obtained yogurts was evaluated. We observed that the curd hardness and curd firmness of the yogurt were each negatively correlated with the fat globule size regardless of the heat-treatment temperature. Compared with the curd obtained with conventional heat treatment, the ESL-processed curd was extremely fragile, but significantly smooth. With ESL processing, a curd hardness >40 g, which is a sufficient strength for commercial transport systems, was obtained by making the fat particle size <0.6 µm, using 2-stage homogenization pressure: 35 MPa for the first stage and 5 MPa for the second stage. A microscopy analysis indicated that the smaller fat globules reinforce the network structure. The yogurt made by ESL processing and that created with 35 + 5 MPa homogenization had significant sensory evaluation scores. Our results indicate that the combination of ESL processing and 35 + 5 MPa homogenization is a novel and useful method for manufacturing set yogurt.     

转谷氨酰胺酶在凝固型麦冬酸奶中的应用研究

转谷氨酰胺酶可催化蛋白发生交联作用,从而改善酸奶的质构特性。在单因素试验的基础上,以感官评分为响应值,利用响应面法对凝固型麦冬酸奶工艺进行优化,构建数学回归模型。结果表明,麦冬酸奶制作工艺的最佳条件为：转谷氨酰胺酶添加量0.3 g/L,白砂糖添加量6%,麦冬提取液添加量9 mL/100 mL牛奶,发酵时间7 h,发酵温度42 ℃。在此条件下,麦冬酸奶的持水力为93%,胶体脱水收缩敏感性为40.3%,硬度为494.19 g,稠度为2 055.63 g·s,粘结性为-161.83 g,粘性指数为-585.13 g·s,感官评分平均值为89.7分,本研究为麦冬酸奶的开发与生产提供了一定的研究基础。     

紫薯酸奶的研制

以鲜牛奶,新鲜紫薯为主要原料,添加嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌,研究搅拌型紫薯酸奶的加工工艺条件。通过单因素试验和正交试验确定制作紫薯酸奶的最佳工艺参数。结果表明,紫薯与鲜牛奶的比例为1∶4,接种量为4%,发酵温度37℃,发酵时间为12 h,白砂糖添加量为9%。此条件下制作的酸奶呈淡紫色,质地均匀一致,具有紫薯和浓郁的乳酸菌发酵酸奶的香味,酸甜可口,口感细腻,柔和。     

搅拌型树莓酸奶的工艺研究

以奶粉、树莓、白糖为主要原料,采用单因素试验和感官评价打分,制出搅拌型树莓酸奶并确定其最佳生产工艺:奶粉添加量为13%,树莓果汁的最适添加量为3.5%,白砂糖的最适添加量为8%,接种量为4%,发酵温度为43℃,发酵时间为3~4h。所得产品口感柔和爽快,风味独特,营养丰富。