Monitoring of toxicity and intermediates of C.I. Direct Black 38 azo dye through decolorization in an anaerobic/aerobic sequential reactor system

An Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor/Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor was used sequentially to decolorize and mineralize C.I. Direct Black 38 azo dye (3200 mg/L) in a synthetic wastewater containing glucose as co-substrate. At the steady state conditions color was effectively removed under anaerobic condition, while the total aromatic amines and organic fraction could be mainly reduced under aerobic conditions. NO(3)(-)--N, COD, BOD(5,) aromatic amine, HPLC and GC analyses showed that Direct Black 38 could be chiefly mineralized by the sequential system. The toxicity levels were determined using three different test organism (ATA-anaerobic toxicity, respiration/inhibition and Daphnia magna tests) through the continuous operation of anaerobic/aerobic sequential system treating Direct Black 38 dye containing synthetic wastewater. Feed and anaerobic effluent had greater toxicity than the aerobic effluent after mineralization of dye.     

Assessment of metal element concentrations in mussel (M. Galloprovincialis) in Eastern Black Sea, Turkey

The main goal of this work is to determine the effects of pollution of copper, lead and zinc mines on the Eastern Black Sea. Metal and heavy metal concentrations in the Eastern Black Sea mussels were measured using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS). The analytical results showed that the tissue of mussel in Eastern Black Sea contains K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Sr elements, and the shell of mussel contains Ca, Cu, Sr, and Ba elements. Due to the detection limit of EDXRF, the mussels were analyzed with FAAS for Cr, Mn, Ni, Cd and Pb elements. An ANOVA and Pearson correlation analyses were performed. The results showed although that the mean concentrations of Cu and Zn for the tissue of the mussels were markedly above the permissible levels of the Turkish regulations, Zn concentration is in the limits of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).     

Black Silicon formation using dry etching for solar cells applications

A study on the formation of Black Silicon on crystalline silicon surface using SF₆/O₂ and SF₆/O₂/CH₄ based plasmas in a reactive ion etching (RIE) system is presented. The effect of the RF power, chamber pressure, process time, gas flow rates, and gas mixtures on the texture of silicon surface has been analyzed. Completely Black Silicon surfaces containing pyramid like structures have been obtained, using an optimized mask-free plasma process. Moreover, the Black Silicon surfaces have demonstrated average values of 1% and 4% for specular and diffuse reflectance respectively, feature that is suitable for the fabrication of low cost solar cells.     

Enhanced dielectric properties of PVA/PEDOT:PSS/MnO2 based composites for electronic applications

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - Polymer composite (PC) films comprising polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)...     

High-performance Ag nanowires/PEDOT:PSS composite electrodes for PVDF-HFP piezoelectric nanogenerators

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - The highly transparent and conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/Ag nanowires (NWs) composite...     

In situ growth of Ni(OH)2-porous nitrogen-doped graphene composite onto Ni foam support as advanced electrochemical supercapacitors materials

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - High-surface-area Ni(OH)2-porous nitrogen-doped graphene (Ni(OH)2@p-NG) composite was electro-synthesized via a facile...     

Enhanced electrical properties of ternary CNTs/PANI wrapped by sulfonated graphene nanocomposite for supercapacitor electrodes

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - Ternary nanocomposites based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and polyaniline (PANI) wrapped by sulfonated graphene nanopowders (s-GNs) were...     

Bidirectional reflectance distribution function of diffuse extreme ultraviolet scatterers and extreme ultraviolet baffle materials

Bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurements of a number of diffuse extreme ultraviolet (EUV) scatterers and EUV baffle materials have been performed with the Goddard EUV scatterometer. BRDF data are presented for white Spectralon SRS-99 at 121.6 nm; the data exhibit a non-Lambertian nature and a total hemispherical reflectance lower than 0.15. Data are also presented for an evaporated Cu black sample, a black Spectralon SRS-02 sample, and a Martin Optical Black sample at wavelengths of 58.4 and 121.6 nm and for angles of incidence of 15 degrees and 45 degrees. Overall Martin Optical Black exhibited the lowest BRDF characteristic, with a total hemispherical reflectance of the order of 0.01 and measured BRDF values as low as 2 x 10(-3) sr(-1).     

Studies on structural,spectral and morphological properties of co-precipitation derived Co-doped ZnO nanocapsules for NO2 sensing applications

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - Pristine and Co-doped ZnO (CZ) nanocapsules (NCs) have been successfully prepared using a simple and cost-effective co-precipitation method....     

The decolorization of C.I. Reactive Black 5 in aqueous solution by electrocoagulation using sacrificial iron electrodes

The removal of color from synthetic wastewater containing Reactive Black 5 was experimentally investigated using direct current electrocoagulation at iron electrodes. The effects of operational parameters such as current density, initial pH, electrolysis time, initial dye concentration and solution conductivity on color removal efficiency were investigated in this study. The optimum operating range for each of these operating variables was experimentally determined. The experimental results show that the color of Reactive Black 5 in the aqueous phase was removed effectively. Under the conditions of an initial dye concentration of 100 mg L(-1), initial pH of 5, current density of 4.575 mAcm(-2), salt concentration of 3000 mg L(-1), temperature of 20 degrees C, and interelectrode distance of 2.5 cm, the color removal efficiency reached 98.8%. Electrical energy consumption in the above conditions for the decolorization of the dye solution containing Reactive Black 5 was 4.96 kWh/kg dye. Results show that the first-order rate equation provides the best correlation for the decolorization rate of Reactive Black 5.     

Study of linear and non-linear optical properties of In–Se doped chalcogenide semiconducting glasses

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - The present work focuses on the various linear and non-linear optical properties of antimony (Sb) and gallium (Ga) (both 0.1 at.%) doped...     

Improved electrical,thermal, and mechanical properties of silicone rubber-based composite dielectrics by introducing one-dimensional SiC fillers

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - In this paper, two kinds of one-dimensional (1D) silicon carbide (SiC) fillers, including silicon carbide whiskers (SiCw) and silicon...     

Comparative study on IWO and ICO transparent conductive oxide films prepared by reactive plasma deposition for copper electroplated silicon heterojunction solar cell

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - Reactive plasma deposition (RPD) was utilized to prepare W-doped In2O3 (IWO) and Ce-doped In2O3 (ICO) transparent conductive oxide (TCO)...     

Three and one-dimensional hierarchical α-Fe2O3 nanostructures for photoelectrochemical water oxidation

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - Herein, we report the synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) and one-dimensional (1D) hierarchical hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanostructures on...     

Effect of annealing temperature on SnS thin films for photodetector applications

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - Tin sulfide (SnS) thin films were deposited at room temperature (RT) by thermal evaporation method and subsequently annealed at...     

Influence of Au plasmons and their synergistic effects with ZnO nanorods for photoelectrochemical water splitting applications

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - Herein, Au plasmons and their synergistic effects with ZnO nanorods (ZNs) have been investigated for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water...     

Study of MAPb(I1−xBrx)3 thin film and perovskite solar cells based on hole transport material-free and carbon electrode

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on hole-transporting-materials (HTM)-free and carbon electrodes have attracted intensive attention due...     

A high-efficiency electrochemical sensor of dopamine based on WS2 nanosheets decorated with dandelion-like platinum–silver nanoparticles

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - Tungsten disulfide nanosheets(WS2) and dandelion-like platinum–silver nanoparticles(PtAg NCs) were synthesized by hydrothermal method...     

Fabrication of polyethyleneimine surface-functionalized fluorescent carbon dots and its applications towards highly sensitive and selective detection of glutathione in aqueous medium and in vitro cell imaging of HeLa cells

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - The present study aimed to synthesize polyethyleneimine (PEI) surface-functionalized fluorescent carbon dots (CDs)-based biosensor...     

3D finite element simulation model of a chemiresistor gas sensor based on ZnO and graft comb copolymer integrated in a gas chamber

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - In this paper, chemiresistor sensor based on conductive polymer (regio-regular poly(3- hexyltiophene) (rr-P3HT) and zinc oxide (ZnO)...