银纳米线基透明导电薄膜研究进展

随着电子产品不断向小型化和便携式等方向发展,在柔性衬底上制备薄膜电子器件引起了人们越来越多的关注。其中柔性透明导电薄膜作为电子器件必备部件之一已成为重要的研究方向。传统的氧化铟锡材料因其柔韧性差等问题限制了在柔性器件中应用。银纳米线由于优异的导电导热性、良好的机械稳定性、可接受的价格和氧化物仍具有一定的导电性等特点,被认为是最具潜力替代氧化铟锡的下一代柔性透明导电材料。本文介绍了银纳米线基透明导电薄膜的相关理论和制备方法、以及国内外银纳米线基透明导电薄膜的研究进展,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

纳米银线柔性透明导电薄膜的制备及应用现状

纳米银线因拥有良好的导电性,优异的透光性、柔性,原料来源广等特点,被认为是透明导电薄膜领域的下一代新型材料,其制备研究日益受到人们的广泛关注。以此为基础,对纳米银线柔性透明导电薄膜的制备方法及其研究进展进行了简介,并对其发展及应用现状进行了展望。     

光谱选择反射型太阳隔热膜研究

目的研制具备高紫外光阻隔率、高红外光阻隔率、高可见光透射率的太阳隔热膜。方法依据标准大气光谱和隔热膜的基本原理给出理想隔热膜的透射率光谱曲线,在防止室内眩光的基础上给出太阳隔热膜的实用透射率曲线。通过对金属Ag薄膜光学常数的研究,提出基于介质ZnS和金属Ag的多层结构的选择反射型太阳隔热膜结构,利用TFC膜系软件设计三层结构的选择反射型太阳隔热膜并进行允差分析。采用热蒸发技术制备该选择反射型膜太阳隔热膜。结果隔热膜在0.3~0.38μm紫外波段的阻隔率达到99.2%,在0.38~0.78μm可见光波段的平均透射率为75.2%,在0.78~2.5μm红外波段的阻隔率达到91.2%,太阳能总隔热率为62.1%。结论研制的太阳隔热膜能在保证隔离紫外线辐射和红外热辐射的同时满足对可见光具有较高的透射率。     

ITO透明导电薄膜的研究进展

介绍了ITO薄膜的基本特性和透明导电原理,综述了ITO薄膜主要的制备技术及其研究进展,并指出了不同制备方法的优缺点。还对ITO薄膜晶格常数畸变、载流子浓度上限和最佳掺杂量、红外反射率、光吸收边的移动等基础理论研究进展进行了归纳。今后,还需要在低温或室温ITO薄膜的制备、ITO薄膜的导电机理、纳米尺度ITO材料的特性等方面加强研究。     

退火时间对射频溅射p型透明SnO_2/Al/SnO_2导电薄膜结构、形貌、光学和电学性能的影响(英文)

采用SnO2和Al靶,通过射频(RF)溅射在石英基体上制备透明p型SnO2/Al/SnO2导电复合薄膜。沉积薄膜在500°C进行不同时间(1~8 h)退火处理,研究退火时间对SnO2/Al/SnO2复合薄膜结构、形貌、光学和电学性能的影响。X射线衍射结果表明:所制备的p型导电薄膜具有四方金红石型多晶SnO2结构。霍尔效应结果显示:500°C,1 h为最佳退火条件,该条件下SnO2/Al/SnO2复合薄膜的孔隙浓度为1.14×1018 cm-3、电阻率为1.38?·cm。退火时间为1~8 h时,p型SnO2/Al/SnO2复合薄膜的光透射率可达80%以上,退火1 h时薄膜的光透射率达到最大值。     

退火时间对射频溅射p型透明SnO2/Al/SnO2导电薄膜结构、形貌、光学和电学性能的影响（英文）

采用SnO2和Al靶,通过射频(RF)溅射在石英基体上制备透明p型SnO2/Al/SnO2导电复合薄膜。沉积薄膜在500°C进行不同时间(1~8 h)退火处理,研究退火时间对SnO2/Al/SnO2复合薄膜结构、形貌、光学和电学性能的影响。X射线衍射结果表明:所制备的p型导电薄膜具有四方金红石型多晶SnO2结构。霍尔效应结果显示:500°C,1 h为最佳退火条件,该条件下SnO2/Al/SnO2复合薄膜的孔隙浓度为1.14×1018 cm-3、电阻率为1.38?·cm。退火时间为1~8 h时,p型SnO2/Al/SnO2复合薄膜的光透射率可达80%以上,退火1 h时薄膜的光透射率达到最大值。     

旋涂法制备银纳米线透明导电薄膜

以商用银纳米线分散液为原料,利用旋涂法在载玻片上制备透明导电薄膜,并测试其可见光波段透过率,分析银纳米线分散液浓度、旋涂转速和热处理对银纳米线透明导电薄膜性能的影响。实验结果表明,银纳米线分散液浓度为2 mg/mL,旋涂转速为7500 rpm时,制得的银纳米线透明导电薄膜透过率可达98 %,电阻为120 Ω;120 ℃热处理10 min后银纳米线透明导电薄膜的透过率降低至91%,电阻降低至70 Ω。通过旋涂法制备了具有较好光电性能的透明导电薄膜,有望应用于触控设备和有机发光二极管(OLED)等领域。     

碳纳米管改性铝基复合材料导电性提升工艺分析

从金属导电率影响因素入手,综述了目前碳纳米管改性铝基复合材料的制备方法,讨论了提高碳纳米管改性铝基复合材料导电性提升途径,从而找到一条可制备得到高导电率铝基复合材料的解决方法。     

硫系玻璃基底减反射激光薄膜的设计及制备

目的 随着红外技术的发展,硫系玻璃已作为红外光学元件得到一定使用,然而硫系玻璃在3~5 μm波段的透射率不能满足使用要求,并且红外薄膜用于探测器中易遭受强激光的辐照而损伤。针对硫系玻璃(As40Se60)基底镀制薄膜易脱落、透射率低,以及抗激光能力差等问题,设计并制备出在3~5 μm波段具有良好透射率、在1 064 nm处具有抗激光能力的薄膜。方法 制备ZnSe、ZnS和YbF3单层膜,测量其光学常数并进行膜系设计。优化设计出的红外多层薄膜结构为S|0.61H0.21L0.32M0.26L0.2M0.32L0.28M0.17L0.35M0.28L0.13M0.61L|A,其中H代表ZnSe、M代表ZnS、L代表YbF3、S代表硫系玻璃、A代表空气,数字为膜层的光学厚度,设计波长λ0=4 000 nm,薄膜的厚度为2 055 nm,光谱性能为:在3~5 μm波段双面镀膜时的平均透射率为95.67%,峰值透射率为99.11%,(1 064±40)nm波段单面镀膜时的平均透射率为7.62%。在制备过程中,从膜基材料的热膨胀系数差异入手进行优化,工艺参数为:烘烤温度70 ℃,离子能量100 eV,离子束流20 mA,此参数下薄膜样品的残余应力为−30.0 MPa。结果 所制备薄膜的附着性能符合要求,在3~5 μm波段双面镀膜时平均透射率为95.38%,峰值透射率为99.07%,在(1 064±40)nm范围内单面镀膜时的平均透射率为4.46%,在1 064 nm处的激光损伤阈值为7.6 J/cm²。结论 在硫系玻璃基底制备薄膜时,从膜基材料的热膨胀系数差异入手,合理优化烘烤温度与离子参数,可以降低薄膜的残余应力,提高薄膜的附着性能。     

铜粉处理对涂料导电性能的影响

金属铜粉由于它具有固有的光泽、良好的导电性和低廉的价格，作为导电涂料的填料引起了人们的关注。但铜较活泼，容易被氧化。在贮存和运用过程中，铜粉表面容易形成Cu2O和CuO不导电薄膜，这给铜粉的使用带来了障碍。在铜粉表面包覆硬膜酸是防止铜粉氧化而实施的一种方法，但硬脂酸是一种不导电的有机物，这给制备导电涂料带来了不便。针对以上两种情况，本文探讨了对表面部分氧化的铜粉和包覆有硬脂酸的铜粉的处理方法，以及它们对涂料导电性的影响。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。