Production of 150 cm wide AZ31 magnesium sheet by twin roll casting

150 cm wide AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet was produced by twin roll casting. The sheets of 6 mm thickness were cast.The sheet material was characterized using various techniques including metallography and XRD. The mechanical properties were investigated by tensile tests and hardness measurements. The procedures were developed for thermomechanical treatment of cast sheet material. The products of these procedures were characterized and the results were discussed for possible potential applications.     

Effect of casting parameters and deformation on microstructure evolution of twin-roll casting magnesium alloy AZ31

Twin roll casting method is a promising route to directly produce magnesium alloy strip. It is a rapid solidification process with high temperature gradient combined with thermal flow and roiling deformation in the casting region. As-cast strip with proper mierostructure is requested to serve as next rolling feedstock. However the microstructure of as-cast strip is sensitive for casting conditions during the casting process and the as-cast microstructure greatly affects the mechanical properties. In this work, the effect of casting speed, pouring temperature, deformation as well as anneal process on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The results revels that twin-roll casting process can effectively refine the grain size, improve the morphology and distribution states of Mg1TAl12. The homogenization treatment time can be shorted for the fine microstructure and lower the cost dramatically for the next forming process.     

AZ31镁合金异步铸轧板的显微组织

研究AZ31镁合金异步铸轧板坯沿厚度方向的显微组织分布。结果表明,板坯组织沿厚度方向具有较明显的不均匀性。在板坯的上表面附近存在较多的流线型变形带组织;在中心处观察不到变形带组织,枝晶臂较粗大;在板坯下表面附近枝晶组织较细密。板坯上表面附近的流线型变形带是由上、下铸轧辊表面线速度差产生的剪切应变而引起的。Al、Zn和Mn在枝晶晶界处发生偏聚,Si均匀分布在α-Mg固溶体内。     

Dynamic modeling of twin roll casting AZ41 magnesium alloy during hot compression processing

A dynamic material model of Mg-4.51Al-1.19Zn-0.5Mn-0.5Ca(AZ41,mass fraction,%)magnesium alloy was put forward.The results show that the dynamic material model can characterize the deformation behavior and microstructure evolution and describe the relations among flow stress,strain,strain rates and deformation temperatures.Statistical analysis shows the validity of the proposed model.The model predicts that lower deformation temperature and higher strain rate cause the sharp strain hardening. Meanwhile,the flow stress curve turns into a steady state at high temperature and lower strain rate.The moderate temperature of 350 ℃and strain rate of 0.01 s-1 are appropriate to this alloy.     

AZ31B 变形镁合金水平式双辊连续铸轧试验研究

为探索变形镁合金薄板的加工新方法,设计了工艺路线和工艺参数,采用混合气体保护措施,用水平式双辊连续铸轧法成功试制出6mm×600mm×（5000～）mm的AZ31B变形镁合金铸轧板。铸轧供坯轧制的薄板力学性能达到或接近于同规格的热（温）轧、挤压产品的水平。试验表明：用水平式双辊连续铸轧法生产变形镁合金的工艺是可行的。     

Preparation of AZ31 magnesium alloy strips using vertical twin-roll caster

A newly developed technology for manufacturing magnesium alloy strip,vertical twin-roll strip casting,has been described.This manufacturing process is easy to be facilitated in an economical way to manufacture wrought magnesium alloy strips. As an example,AZ31 magnesium alloy was used to investigate the appropriate manufacturing conditions for vertical twin-roll strip casting by varying the temperatures of the molten materials and rolling speeds.The effects of manufacturing conditions on forming quality were clarified in terms of roll speeds and casting temperature.In addition,microscopic observation and X-ray diffraction of the as-cast strips were performed.It has been determined that AZ31 alloy strip of 1-3 mm in thickness can be produced at a speed of 30 m/min by a vertical twin-roll caster.The microstructure of as-cast strip only containsα-phase(Mg)and no other phase,and the twin-roll casting process can effectively refine the grain size.The fine equiaxed grain of as-cast strips is beneficial to the plastic deformation of the strips,and it is also suitable for direct cold-rolling with a maximum cold-rolling reduction of 40%.     

AZ31镁合金位错密度模型及热压缩的微观组织预测

通过热压缩实验研究AZ31镁合金挤压杆料在变形温度300、400和500℃,应变速率0.1、0.01和0.001s^-1条件下的流变行为,基于Arrhenius方程建立流变应力的本构模型,其中激活能Q为132.45 kJ/mol,应变硬化系数n为4.67。依据AZ31镁合金高温变形中的动态再结晶(Dynamic recrystallization,DRX)机理和位错密度演化规律,建立宏观变形-微观组织多尺度耦合的位错密度模型,该模型能够反映热加工过程中的加工硬化、动态回复(Dynamic recovery,DRV)、低角晶界(Low angle grain boundaries,LAGB)和高角晶界(High angle grain boundaries,HAGB)等机制的交互作用。利用ABAQUS的VUSDFLD子程序进行热压缩过程的有限元模拟,获得DRX分数、LAGB和HAGB位错密度的数值模拟结果以及压缩载荷。结果表明:实验载荷与模拟结果基本吻合,本文提出的AZ31镁合金位错密度模型是合理的。     

电磁连铸对AZ31镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

通过电磁连铸和普通连铸方法对AZ31镁合金进行连铸实验,对比分析有、无电磁场作用下的铸坯凝固宏观、微观组织和力学性能,并利用扫描电镜分析镁合金的断裂机理。结果表明:当表观直流电流为40~50 A时获得最佳磁场分布,此时电磁连铸的镁合金组织细小、均匀,树枝晶呈破碎状,其力学性能尤其是塑性变形能力显著提高,常温抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率较普通连铸分别提高17%,50%和81%,断口形貌显示其断裂具有韧性断裂的特性。     

AZ31变形镁合金轧制工艺初探

研究了板坯加热温度、退火温度以及冷轧道次加工率对AZ31变形镁合金轧制能力的影响.结果表明,当加热温度为350℃,轧制速度为0.4m/s时,AZ31镁合金板材的热轧道次极限加工率可以达到34.62%(无裂纹)和59.23%(无表面裂纹);将热轧态板材分别在250℃～350℃温度,退火40min后,板材显微组织中晶粒大小均匀,维持在5μm～6μm水平;板材具有良好的综合力学性能,其抗拉强度为:230Pa～240MPa,屈服强度为:135MPa～175MPa,延伸率为:12%～15%.当采用350℃×40min退火后,板材在冷轧道次加工率为5%～10%时,总加工率可以达到40%以上.     

连铸AZ31镁合金的热挤压变形组织与性能(英文)

文章研究了电磁连铸AZ31镁合金经热挤压变形后的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,挤压过程中的动态再结晶能够显著细化晶粒,局部细晶区的平均晶粒为2μm。与铸态合金相比,挤压后的AZ31镁合金具有更细小的晶粒和更均匀的微观组织。挤压变形后产生强烈的基面织构;挤压后材料的力学性能显著提高。屈服强度、抗拉强度和断面收缩率随着挤压比的增大而增大。挤压比为25时,屈服强度、抗拉强度和断面收缩率分别为259MPa,357MPa和30.5%,比铸态合金分别提高了86.33%,64.52%和67.40%。随着挤压比的增大,晶粒细化效果更为明显,微观组织更均匀。断口形貌分析表明,挤压变形后材料由韧脆混合型断裂,转变为韧性断裂。     

AZ31铸造镁合金的塑性流动特征及物理概念的本构关系

利用准静态试验机以及Hopkinson压杆装置对AZ31铸造镁合金在不同应变速率和不同温度下的塑性流动性能进行研究,结合金相显微技术对试验后的试样进行微观分析。结果表明:在低应变速率下,随着温度的升高,AZ31镁合金发生明显的由脆性到韧性的转化,其转化温度为473 K左右;当应变速率增加到1.2×104 s-1时,会发生脆化现象,塑性变形能力变差。基于微观分析,低应变速率下晶体中孪晶的存在是促进材料塑性变形增加的主要因素。而在高应变速率下,动态再结晶和第二相粒子沉淀硬化显著地影响金属的塑性变形。结合系统的试验结果,基于热激活位错机制,建立一种物理概念的塑性流动本构模型,对较高应变速率和不同温度下的流动应力进行模型预测。通过对比,模型预测结果与试验数据吻合较好。     

AZ31镁合金铸坯均匀化退火

研究了一种新的均匀化退火工艺对AZ31镁合金铸坯组织转变和成分均匀化的影响,保温温度为530、540和550 ℃以及保温时间为30、60和90 min.结果表明,AZ31镁合金在固相线温度以下应尽可能提高退火温度,同时缩短退火时间可使铸坯达到较好的均匀化效果,消除大部分枝晶偏析,γ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相在α-Mg基体上呈细小的颗粒状分布; AZ31镁合金铸锭的优化退火工艺为540 ℃保温60 min.     

温热弯曲成形过程中AZ31镁合金型材的微观织构演变

采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和EBSD分析研究AZ31镁合金型材温热弯曲成形前后横截面外侧微观组织和织构的演变规律。结果表明:弯曲成形前,型材为(10 10)平行于挤压方向的线织构;弯曲成形后,型材线织构被削弱。弯曲过程中拉伸孪晶数量减少,由弯曲前的5.39%降低至弯曲后的2.22%;压缩孪晶增多,由弯曲前的0.141%增加至弯曲后的0.222%。挤压型材的大量拉伸孪晶使得应力集中,协同温度的影响,非基面滑移开动并协调了晶粒c轴的应变,因而提高型材的塑性变形能力。     

Hot-compression constitutive relation of as-cast AZ31 magnesium alloy

In hot-compression process, the various factors have obvious effects on the deformation behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy deformation behavior. To understand the hot-compression constitutive relation thoroughly, the stress-strain behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy at various strain rates and different deformation temperatures were investigated under maximum strain of 60%. The microstructure of the experimental alloy was studied in the hot-compression procedure. The experimental results show that the relation of peak flow stress, strain rate and temperature can be described by Z parameter which contains Arrheniues item. The strain rate and the deformation temperature are the key parameters affecting deformation activation energy.     

Nonclassical constitutive model involving void evolution of casting magnesium alloy

The void evolution equation and the elastoplastic constitutive model of casting magnesium alloy were investigated. The void evolution equation consists of the void growth and the void nucleation equations. The void growth equation was obtained based on the continuous supposition of the material matrix, and the void nucleation equation was derived by assuming that the void nucleation follows a normal distribution. A softening function related to the void evolution was given. After the softening function was embedded to a nonclassical elastoplastic constitutive equation, a constitutive model involving void evolution was obtained. The numerical algorithm and the finite element procedure related to the constitutive model were developed and applied to the analysis of the distributions of the stress and the porosity of the notched cylindrical specimens of casting magnesium alloy ZL305. The computed results show satisfactory agreement with the experimental data.     

AZ31镁合金管材挤压过程的数值模拟

采用Gleeble1500热模拟机对于不同温度和变形速率下的AZ31镁合金的变形性能进行了研究。通过实验得到真实应力的关系式及真实应变关系式，进而得到真实应力-应变曲线。以此为基础，采用DEFORM-3D软件，对不同壁厚管材的成形的过程进行模拟，发现在挤压时，管材内壁的金属比外壁的金属流动快，挤压筒与圆锥面过渡处的等效应变值最大等现象，分析了产生的原因，并通过工艺试验验证了模拟分析的正确性。     

二次加热过程中半固态AZ31镁合金的显微组织演变

利用波浪形倾斜板振动技术制备AZ31镁合金半固态坯料,获得较为理想的球形或近球形晶粒组织。结果表明:随二次加热温度的升高和保温时间的延长,半固态组织中的液相体积分数增大,固相逐渐长大并球化;AZ31镁合金580℃和610℃时二次加热组织均不适合半固态触变成形;适合触变成形的二次加热最优工艺为590℃保温40～60 min、或者600℃保温30 min;此条件下获得的平均晶粒直径为58～61μm,固相率为87%(体积分数)左右。晶格扩散机制对二次加热原子扩散起主导作用,是造成合金固相颗粒尺寸变化的根本原因;固液界面张力是造成颗粒形状球形或近球形变化的重要原因。     

AZ31镁合金板材等温弯曲实验研究

对AZ31镁合金板材的等温弯曲变形过程进行了数值模拟,分析了其变形特点以及金属流动规律,确定了合理的变形参数,即弯曲凸模半径为8 mm,凸模间距为38 mm。同时,研制了AZ31镁合金板材的等温弯曲实验装置,并对AZ31镁合金板材在不同变形温度下进行了不同道次的等温弯曲实验研究,分析了镁合金板材微观组织的变化规律。AZ31镁合金板材经过等温弯曲变形后,其室温伸长率达到17.1%,而原始AZ31镁合金板材的室温伸长率为12.4%,提高了42%。     

Enhanced corrosion performance of magnesium phosphate conversion coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy

Magnesium phosphate conversion coating (MPCC) was fabricated on AZ31 magnesium alloy for corrosion protection by immersion treatment in a simple MPCC solution containing Mg²⁺ and PO^3?₄ ions. The MPCC on AZ31 Mg alloy showed micro-cracks structure and a uniform thickness with the thickness of about 2.5 µm after 20 min of phosphating treatment. The composition analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the coating consisted of magnesium phosphate and magnesium hydroxide/oxide compounds. The MPCC showed a significant protective effect on AZ31 Mg alloy. The corrosion current of MPCC was reduced to about 3% of that of the uncoated surface and the time for the deterioration process during immersion in 0.5 mol/L NaCl solution improved from about 10 min to about 24 h.