氨基磺酸溶液中烷基咪唑啉对碳钢的缓蚀作用

采用失重实验、电化学和扫描电镜等方法研究了2-十一烷基-N-羧甲基-N-羟乙基咪唑啉(UHCI) 在8 mass%氨基磺酸溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀行为。失重实验表明,该缓蚀剂在氨基磺酸溶液中能够有效地抑制碳钢腐蚀,当缓蚀剂的质量分数为0.4 mass%时,碳钢腐蚀速率为0.6370 g/(m²•h),缓蚀效率达到90.12%。极化曲线测试结果表明,该缓蚀剂为混合型缓蚀剂。该缓蚀剂的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温式,吸附机理是一种物理-化学混合吸附。扫描电镜结果也证明 UHCI可有效地抑制氨基磺酸对碳钢的腐蚀。     

模拟海水淡化一级反渗透产水中咪唑啉复配缓蚀剂对碳钢的缓蚀效果

通过电化学测试、原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线光电子能谱法(XPS)和X射线衍射法(XRD)研究了2-十一烷基-N-羧甲基-N-羟乙基咪唑啉(UHCI)与硫酸锌(ZnSO4)复配对20钢在模拟海水淡化一级反渗透产水中的缓蚀效果。结果表明:复配缓蚀剂是一种混合型缓蚀剂,能有效抑制20钢的腐蚀,复配缓蚀剂的添加总量为100mg/L时,最佳配比为50mg/L HUCI+50mg/L ZnSO4,此时缓蚀率达到96.99%;UHCI分子吸附在金属阳极区,抑制了阳极反应,ZnSO4以Zn(OH)2的形式沉积在金属阴极区,抑制了阴极反应。     

一种咪唑啉类缓蚀剂的合成及其缓蚀性能评价

实验以1-甲基咪唑、1,4-丁烷磺内酯和浓硫酸为原料合成咪唑类缓蚀剂。采用失重法和电化学方法研究该缓蚀剂浓度以及腐蚀溶液温度对X100管线钢在5% (质量分数) HCl溶液中缓蚀性能的影响。结果表明：该缓蚀剂为混合型缓蚀剂,同一温度条件下,缓蚀效率随着浓度的增加而增加,同一浓度条件下,缓蚀效率则随着温度升高而降低。为了进一步阐述缓蚀剂吸附机理,对腐蚀活化能及相关热力学参数如焓 (H)、熵 (S)、吸附平衡常数 (K_ads) 和标准自由能 (G_ads) 进行了计算,结果表明该缓蚀剂在X100表面为物理吸附。     

水溶性取代吡啶甲酰腺席夫碱缓蚀剂对铜的缓蚀作用研究

合成三种水溶性取代吡啶甲酰腙席夫碱缓蚀剂,采用静态失重法、电化学方法和扫描电镜研究其在3.5%NaCl介质中对铜的缓蚀作用.结果表明,三种缓蚀剂都是以抑制阴极为主的混合型缓蚀剂;当温度在35℃、缓蚀剂质量浓度为75 mg/L时,缓蚀效率最高,在缓蚀过程中未发生分解.三种缓蚀剂对铜在3.5%NaCl溶液中均具有较好的缓蚀...     

咪唑啉类衍生物缓蚀性能研究

采用失重法、电化学极化法、电化学阻抗谱及表面分析来评价咪唑啉类缓蚀剂浓度、温度对缓蚀剂缓蚀效果影响的关联性,并分析了不同取代基对咪唑啉类缓蚀剂缓蚀性能的影响。结果表明,十六烷基咪唑啉对阴、阳极过程都有较好的抑制作用,尤其对阳极过程更加有效。浓度和温度对缓蚀剂缓蚀性能的影响是相互关联的。温度较低(25℃)或较高(60℃)时,缓蚀剂只有达到一定浓度才能获得较高的缓蚀率;当温度处于40～50℃时,较低浓度的缓蚀剂就能达到良好的缓蚀效果,且浓度继续增加,缓蚀率变化不大。取代基结构影响了缓蚀剂对腐蚀介质的阻碍程度。     

高浓度氯离子溶液中Y112铝合金缓蚀剂的电化学研究

应用电化学测试技术研究了亚硝酸钠、钼酸钠和钼酸氨三种缓蚀剂浓度、温度对Y112铝合金在高浓度氯离子环境中腐蚀行为的影响,以及三种缓蚀剂与铜缓蚀剂BTA复配的缓蚀情况。结果表明:铝合金腐蚀电位和腐蚀速率与缓蚀剂浓度之间有一定关系;缓蚀剂复配削弱了原有缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果;铝合金在高浓度氯离子溶液中的腐蚀速率随温度的升高而加快,缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果随温度的升高而降低。     

一种二酰胺基吡啶季铵盐的合成及其缓蚀性能

利用2,3-吡啶二甲酸为主体和十二烷基胺进行酰化反应,合成了具有多个活性吸附中心的2,3-N-十二烷基-二甲酰胺吡啶衍生物,再进行季胺化反应增加其水溶性,开发出一种二酰胺基吡啶季铵盐缓蚀剂。利用动态高温高压浸泡试验和电化学试验在含二氧化碳模拟油田水中评价了该缓蚀剂对L245NCS钢的缓蚀性能。结果表明:该缓蚀剂是混合型缓蚀剂,在加量为50mg/L时,缓蚀率达到95%以上,同时对点蚀具有良好的抑制效果。     

HCl溶液中氨基酸类化合物对铜的缓蚀作用

采用失重法、电化学极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱比较了0.5 mol/L HCl溶液中传统缓蚀剂苯并三唑(BTA)和辛酰谷氨酸、DL-苏氨酸、DL-丝氨酸等氨基酸类物质对铜的缓蚀作用。挂片试验和阻抗谱表明,10-3mol/L的辛酰谷氨酸对铜的缓蚀作用最好,缓蚀率可以达到82.7%。从电化学极化曲线来看,这几种氨基酸类缓蚀剂均是阴极型缓蚀剂。在浓度10-5~10-3mol/L范围内随着辛酸谷氨酸浓度升高缓蚀效果加强。     

一种苯胺类席夫碱对N80钢在盐酸介质中的缓蚀性能

合成了一种席夫碱:4-氯-N-[(吡啶-4基)-亚甲基]苯胺(CNP),并采用失重法、电化学阻抗谱和动电位极化曲线等,研究了CNP对N80钢在1mol/L HCl溶液中的缓蚀性能。结果表明,在1mol/L HCl溶液中,当缓蚀剂摩尔浓度为1.0mmol/L时,缓蚀率达到86.17%。其在N80钢表面吸附满足Langmuir吸附等温式,是一种混合型缓蚀剂。     

Na2WO4和BTA复配对铜缓蚀性能的研究

采用交流阻抗法研究了pH=9.2的硼砂硼酸缓冲溶液中缓蚀剂Na2WO4和BTA复配对铜电极的缓蚀效果。实验表明,单一缓蚀剂Na2WO4的缓蚀效果随其浓度的增加略有增加;单一缓蚀剂BTA随其浓度的增加,其缓蚀性也增加,当浓度达5mg/L时,缓蚀效果最佳。在缓蚀剂总浓度为3mg/L,Na2WO4和BTA复配时,显出较好的协同效应,其最佳配比为：1mg/L Na2WO4 2mg/L BTA.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。