水轮机表面HVOF喷涂WC-12Co涂层抗磨蚀性能的研究

采用新型的超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)技术在水轮机表面喷涂WC-12Co涂层,进行了浆料磨蚀试验来模拟水轮机在真实环境下的磨蚀情况,并分析探讨了其磨蚀失效的机理。结果表明:获得的涂层具有优秀的孔隙率、显微硬度与结合强度,其耐磨蚀性能是基体的3倍以上,能够很好地达到水轮机表面抗磨蚀的要求。而WC-12Co涂层具有优良的耐磨蚀性能的根本原因在于涂层中WC的存在,它使得涂层的显微硬度得到大幅度提高,从而提高了涂层耐磨蚀的性能。     

高含沙水流用水轮机叶片表面热喷涂WC/Co涂层的性能

通过高速火焰喷涂技术(高速氧-燃气喷涂,HVOF)在水轮机叶片用06Cr13不锈钢表面喷涂WC/Co涂层。采用金相显微镜、硬度计、万能试验机分析了WC/Co涂层的孔隙率、显微硬度及其与基体的结合强度;并在高含沙水流环境中通过冲蚀、汽蚀试验测试WC/Co涂层的耐冲蚀性能和耐汽蚀性能。结果表明:WC/Co涂层的孔隙率、显微硬度及其与基体的结合强度分别为0.68%、1211HV、70MPa;WC/Co涂层具有优良的耐冲蚀性能,冲蚀后其磨损量仅为06Cr13不锈钢基体的0.18倍;WC/Co涂层具有良好的致密度、结合力及强韧性,因此涂层也具有优良的耐汽蚀性能。     

超音速等离子喷涂超细WC-12Co涂层的性能

采用超音速等离子喷涂系统,分别制备了超细WC-12Co涂层和普通WC-12Co涂层.研究了喷涂粒子在射流中的特性,分析了涂层形貌、成分和相组成,并对两涂层的常规性能(结合强度、显微硬度、孔隙率和耐冲蚀性能)进行了表征.结果表明,超细WC-12Co喷涂粒子在束流中速度更快(500 m/s),两涂层中WC相的氧化、失碳和分解程度比普通等离子喷涂时低.相比之下,超细WC-12Co涂层显微硬度(1350 HV0.3)和结合强度(65 MPa)更高,孔隙率(0.6%)更低,耐冲蚀磨损性能相当.     

HVOF喷涂Cr3C2-25NiCr涂层和WC-12Co涂层的组织结构及抗磨蚀性能

采用HVOF喷涂技术在水轮机用0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢表面分别制备Cr₃C₂-25NiCr涂层和WC-12Co涂层。利用光学显微镜、显微硬度计、冲击韧性试验机、摩擦磨损试验机、扫描电子显微镜分析比较了两种涂层的微观组织结构、显微硬度、孔隙率、冲击韧性、抗磨损性能。结果表明：Cr₃C₂-25NiCr涂层的孔隙率为0.97%,平均显微硬度为1 113 HV,WC-12Co涂层的孔隙率为0.56%,平均显微硬度为1 241 HV;WC-12Co涂层的冲击韧性和抗磨蚀性能均优于Cr₃C₂-25NiCr涂层,涂层的失效主要是砂粒、水、气泡三相流复合磨蚀作用的结果。     

超音速火焰喷涂制备多峰WC-12Co涂层的抗汽蚀性能(英文)

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术制备常规、亚微米及多峰3种WC-12Co金属陶瓷涂层,比较分析涂层的显微硬度及显微组织。采用超声振动汽蚀装置研究3种涂层的抗汽蚀性能,并采用扫描电镜观察涂层表面的汽蚀坑,探讨不同涂层的汽蚀机理。研究表明:采用超音速火焰喷涂制备的亚微米及多峰WC-12Co涂层结构致密、孔隙率低,其显微硬度明显高于常规的WC-12Co涂层。多峰WC-12Co涂层的平均显微硬度接近HV1500,远高于常规的WC-12Co涂层。在3种涂层中,多峰WC-12Co涂层表现出最优良的抗汽蚀性能,涂层的汽蚀率大约为常规涂层的40%;与常规涂层相比,多峰WC-12Co涂层的抗汽蚀性能提高150%以上。     

超音速火焰喷涂微、纳米结构WC-10Co4Cr涂层及其性能

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术（HVOF）在06Cr13Ni4Mo不锈钢基体上分别制备了微米结构、纳米结构WC-10Co4Cr涂层。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征和分析了不同结构WC-10Co4Cr涂层的物相组成、微观组织结构,并对涂层的显微硬度、孔隙率、结合强度、抗冲蚀性能进行了对比,探讨了涂层泥沙冲蚀机理。结果表明：HVOF制备的纳米结构 WC-10Co4Cr涂层组织致密,孔隙率更低,涂层的显微硬度、结合强度高于微米涂层,冲蚀质量损失量也小于微米涂层;纳米结构细化了涂层晶粒,增强了涂层的显微硬度和韧性,提高了涂层的抗微切削和抗疲劳剥落性能,有利于涂层的抗泥沙冲蚀性能。     

纳米稀土对热喷涂WC-12Co涂层的改性作用

利用超音速火焰喷涂技术在45钢基体上制备了不同纳米稀土含量的WC-12Co涂层。通过物相分析并测定材料的显微硬度、结合强度、磨损性能,研究纳米稀土对WC-12Co涂层的改性作用。结果表明:适量纳米稀土的加入使WC-12Co涂层的显微硬度和结合强度显著提高,并且纳米稀土的加入有效地抑制了WC颗粒的脱碳,使组织细化。当纳米稀土含量在1.5wt%时,涂层的耐磨性最好。     

结晶器表面超音速火焰喷涂WC-12Co涂层的组织性能分析

在结晶器铜板表面超音速火焰喷涂WC-12Co涂层,通过SEM、EDS和XRD分析了涂层的表面形貌、成分变化及涂层与基体的结合性能,采用正交试验设计分析4种喷涂工艺参数对涂层孔隙率、显微硬度和结合强度的影响.结果表明,在氧气流量为850 L/min、煤油流量为6.0 g/h、喷涂距离为400 mm、涂层厚度为0.4 mm条件下,涂层的孔隙率较低,显微硬度较高,且结合强度较大,综合性能达到最优.     

等离子喷涂WC-12Co涂层性能及其在航空发动机中的应用

介绍了WC-Co金属陶瓷复合涂层,并以WC-12Co为例,通过等离子喷涂方式在GH4169基体上进行了涂层的制备,开展了涂层外观、显微组织、硬度、结合强度的测试分析。结果表明,等离子喷涂制备WC-12Co涂层致密、硬度高,与基体结合强度高。最后,介绍了WC-12Co涂层在航空发动机上的应用。     

超音速火焰喷涂纳米结构WC-12Co涂层耐泥沙冲蚀性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)分别制备了纳米结构、双峰结构及微米结构WC-12Co金属陶瓷复合涂层,比较了不同结构WC-12Co涂层的组织结构及显微硬度,进行了不同结构WC-12Co涂层和Ni60喷熔层的泥浆冲蚀磨损试验,并探讨了它们的泥浆冲蚀机理.结果表明:采用超音速火焰喷涂制备的纳米结构及双峰结构WC-12Co涂层结构致密,涂层显微硬度明显高于微米结构WC-12Co涂层;与微米结构WC-12Co涂层相比,纳米结构和双峰结构WC-12Co涂层具有更优良的抗泥浆冲蚀性能,其耐泥浆冲蚀性能分别提高了50%及20%以上.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。