糖蜜酒精废水的两级UASB处理技术研究

研究了两级上流式厌氧污泥床(Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed,UASB)反应器处理糖蜜酒精废水的效果。进水COD负荷为28 kg/(m~3·d)时,污泥中微生物活性受到一定抑制,反应器运行效果变差,但仍能稳定运行。糖蜜酒精废水经稀释后进入一级UASB反应器,一级厌氧出水直接作为二级UASB反应器的进水。试验结果表明,经过两级厌氧消化,废水的COD和硫酸根总去除率分别稳定在65%和88%左右,二级厌氧出水COD浓度为9 000 mg/L左右,硫酸根浓度为300 mg/L。一级厌氧处理对COD和硫酸根的去除贡献较大,去除率分别为45%和70%左右,产气效果也较好,日产气量达到35 L左右,甲烷含量70%左右。出水硫化物浓度随进水硫酸根浓度增加而升高,最终一级厌氧出水达到568.8 mg/L,二级厌氧出水达到720mg/L。MPB电子流所占比重随进水COD负荷提升而增大,最大为85.8%。     

IC反应器-曝气生物滤池处理蔗渣堆场喷淋废水

IC反应器-曝气生物滤池是高效的厌氧-好氧反应器,利用其处理废水的结果表明:蔗渣堆场喷淋废水首先经过IC反应器处理,水力停留时间(HRT)4～5h,CODCr容积负荷15～25 kg/(m3·d),产气率达到去除每千克CODCr产沼气0.42m3,CODCr去除率86%,BOD5去除率90%;经曝气生物滤池处理,当CODCr容积负荷为6 kg/(m3·d)、水力停留时间(HRT)2.5 h时,CODCr、BOD5的出水浓度分别为159mg/L、38 mg/L.     

CLR厌氧反应器在庆大霉素发酵废水处理中的运行效能

对CLR沼气提升式厌氧反应器处理硫酸庆大霉素发酵废水的工程运行效能进行了研究。结果表明,CLR反应器对硫酸庆大霉素废水具有较好的处理能力,容积COD负荷可达到5 kg/(m~3·d),出水COD稳定在2 700~3 200 mg/L,COD和SS去除率可分别维持在70%和62%左右。在CLR稳定运行过程中,系统p H为7.8~8.3,且VFA质量浓度低于900 mg/L,显示出较好的稳定性。虽然系统的氨氮质量浓度可以达到600~900 mg/L,但是其并未对CLR的处理效能产生显著影响。CLR出水Ca~(2+)质量浓度可稳定在200~300 mg/L,Ca~(2+)的平均截留率为74%。但是较高的进水Ca~(2+)质量浓度会导致污泥钙化,VSS/TSS逐渐下降,且这种趋势在反应器底部表现得更为显著。     

两级UASB-CAAS技术处理酒精废液

利用厌氧处理与好氧处理相组合的工艺进行酒精废液处理试验研究。结果表明,在进水COD为20000～23000mg/L,有机负荷6.62～7.13kg/m3.d,水力停留时间2.51～2.62d条件下,COD去除率可达83.9%～86.5%,出水水质可降到2000mg/L左右;处理的有机废水可完全达到国家排放标准;该处理具有效果稳定、运行简单、处理费用低等特点。(孙悟)     

改进型内循环厌氧反应器处理造纸废水的调试

利用改进型IC厌氧反应器在常温下处理造纸废水,经过2个月的调试,反应器启动成功形成内循环,再经过15天的提高负荷,反应器达到设计负荷12kgCOD·(m3·d)-1。进水COD稳定在10000mg·L-1左右,出水的COD在1400mg·L-1左右,出水VFA在5mmol·L-1以下,上流速度约为4m·h-1,HRT约为36h,生成的气体用来发电,目前理论上每天可发电约为6000kW·h。     

IC＋CASS工艺在酒精废水处理中的应用

介绍了IC+CASS工艺处理酒精废水的工程实例.固液分离后的酒精废液用IC+CASS工艺处理.进水COD为12000~30000 mg/L,经IC反应器处理后厌氧出水COD在2000mg/L,COD去除率在90%以上.厌氧出水再进入CASS反应池经过进一步的好氧处理,COD降到300 mg/L以下达标排放.系统COD去除率在97%以上.     

UASB厌氧处理酒精废液的工程应用研究

本文论述通过筛选分离出高适应能力和降解能力的高效优势菌群后,投加到UASB厌氧反应器中进行中温厌氧发酵处理木薯酒精废液。运行结果表明:通过投加筛选驯化高效的厌氧菌群,大大提高其在反应器中处理性能,当系统在调试两个月后,系统达到稳定运行。稳定运行时,COD容积负荷平均为5.4Kg/(m~3·d),COD去除率稳定在95%左右,出水COD在500mg/L以下,日产沼气量在16000m~3左右,沼气甲烷含量在60%以上。     

桔杆制浆废水脱除氮、磷的研究

在制浆废水处理过程中,为了提高生物处理效果,常添加氮、磷等营养盐,这在增加了处理成本的同时也为后续脱氮除磷工艺造成了压力。麦草CTMP废水含有较高的COD及氮、磷含量,实验采用UASB-SBR-深度处理三段工艺,在不添加任何营养盐的条件下,对其进行处理研究。实验表明在厌氧阶段COD体积负荷为6 kg/(m3·d),好氧处理HRT为24 h,深度处理自制药剂A用量为0.15%时,处理效果良好,可使废水出水COD为71.18 mg/L,TN为5.43 mg/L、TP为0.71 mg/L达到国家排放标准GB 3544—2008。     

EGSB反应器处理高浓硫酸盐废水

研究在负荷为20 kg COD/(m3.d)正常运行的EGSB(Expanded Granular Sludge Bed)反应器中,处理高浓硫酸盐废水。经过一个月左右的驯化,在进水COD为4 000 mg/L的条件下,进水SO42-质量浓度可提升至约1 800 mg/L,获得了9 kg SO42-/(m3.d)的运行能力。较高的有机负荷使得产气量较大随之带来明显的气提效应,再加上较高的上升流速所产生的良好的气固分离效果,使得气相中的硫元素含量较高,达到了质量分数43.8%。硫酸盐还原菌所能达到的最大电子流比重为31.4%,对应的最低COD/SO42-值约为2.0。EGSB反应器内溶解性硫化物与相应的自由硫化氢质量浓度为255 mg/L和102 mg/L,未对SRB与产甲烷菌产生任何毒性。     

新型厌氧反应器处理造纸黑液酸析废水的效能及功能菌群落分析

采用自行设计的新型厌氧反应器处理造纸黑液酸析废水,并基于FISH技术及其它常规手段,对运行期间反应器内的处理效能、厌氧颗粒污泥比产甲烷活性、功能菌群落之间的变化关系进行了分析探讨。经过71天的运行,最终进水COD为8700mg/L,COD去除率为49.46%,水力停留时间为37.38h,容积负荷为5.59 kg COD/(m3·d),污泥最大比产甲烷速率达到355.36 m LCH4/(d·g),食丁酸盐产氢产乙酸菌相对丰度为(79.87±0.77)%,比运行开始时提高了50.87%,产甲烷菌相对丰度为(81.08±1.36)%,提高了26.39%,耗氢产乙酸菌相对丰度为(19.51±1.09)%,提高了2.14倍。证明新型厌氧反应器对厌氧污泥的颗粒化有显著效果,对黑液等高浓度高毒性废水有良好处理效能。     

两级厌氧工艺处理酒精废液的工业化研究

研究了工业规模两级上流式厌氧污泥床反应器（３００ｍ３）在不同温度、不同运行方式下对酒精废液的处理效能．结果表明,将一级高温上流式厌氧污泥床与一级中温上流式厌氧污泥床反应器串联,系统出水水质最佳．当进水ＣＯＤ值为２１０００～２５７００ｍｇ／Ｌ,有机负荷７ｋｇ／（ｍ３·ｄ）左右,系统出水ＣＯＤ值可降低到１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下     

厌氧接触-膜生物反应器处理白酒黄水的研究

对发酵培养菌丝体后的黄水利用厌氧接触-膜生物反应器工艺进行了试验研究.结果表明,进水CODCr浓度为10.03g/L～14.36g/L时,厌氧接触池对废水CODCr的去除率为53.5%～69.6%;厌氧反应停留时间14h～16h较为合适.溶氧控制在2.0mg/L～3.5mg/L,MBR对CODCr去除率在91.4%以上,出水CODCr210.65mg/L～277.89mg/L,NH3-N去除率37.3%～54.2%;MBR对CODCrNH3-N的去除率随污泥浓度的增大先增加后减少,合适的MLSS值应控制在8g/L～10g/L.     

酸析黑液厌氧生物处理效果研究

采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器对酸析黑液进行处理,分析了酸析黑液的厌氧可生化性(BD),重点研究了不同COD容积负荷和硫酸盐容积负荷下,反应器对COD和硫酸盐的去除效果,系统p H值、氧化还原电位(ORP)和甲烷产率的变化,反应器内污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)中蛋白质和多糖含量的变化以及污泥表面Zeta电位的变化,并结合扫描电镜观察酸析黑液厌氧处理前后污泥的形态特征。结果表明,该酸析黑液的厌氧可生化性较好,BD为85.07%。反应器随着进水COD容积负荷的增加,COD去除率先上升后下降。随着进水硫酸盐容积负荷的增加,硫酸盐去除率逐渐增大。当CODCr容积负荷为2.00 kg/(m3·d)时,CODCr去除率最大值在49%;当硫酸盐容积负荷提高到12.91 kg/(m3·d)时,硫酸盐去除率上升至42%左右。系统p H值随着COD容积负荷的增加而降低,ORP随着COD容积负荷的增加而降低,最后稳定在-430 m V左右,产甲烷速率随着COD容积负荷的增加先升高后降低,最大值为0.225 L/d。进水COD容积负荷的提高使得EPS中蛋白质和多糖含量升高,污泥表面Zeta电位降低,颗粒污泥表层变得紧密厚实。     

Performance of a constructed wetland with a sulfur/limestone denitrification section for wastewater nitrogen removal

The effectiveness of a nonvegetated lab-scale subsurface flow constructed wetland for wastewater treatment had been evaluated with the feed ammonium concentration of approximately 20-40 mg of NH4(+)-N L(-1) and a hydraulic retention time of approximately 10 d. The present system had a nitrification zone plus a sulfur/limestone (S/L) autotrophic denitrification zone followed by an anaerobic polishing zone and was operated with and without aeration. The wetland had only 80% organics removal and no net nitrogen removal when there was no artificial aeration. However, almost 100% organics removal and approximately 81-90% total inorganic nitrogen (TIN = NH4(+)-N + NO2(-0-N + NO3(-)-N) removal were achieved when the oxic zone of the system was aerated with compressed air. S/L autotrophic denitrification contributed 21-49% of total NO3(-)-N removal across the whole wetland and 50-95% across the S/L column. TIN and NH4(+)-N in the effluent were always < 5.5 and < 0.7 mg L(-1), respectively, when the feed had NH4(+)-N < or = 35 mg L(-1). Sulfate removal of approximately 53-69% was achieved in the anaerobic polishing zone. The position of the S/L column was changed (1.78, 2.24, and 2.69 m from the inlet), and no remarkable difference in nitrogen removal was observed. However, without the S/L column, TIN removal decreased to approximately 74%, and the effluent NO3(-)-N increased about two times (9.13 mg of N L(-1)). The present study has demonstrated the possible use of S/L autotrophic denitrification for nitrate removal in a constructed wetland.     

Enhanced treatment efficiency of an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) for cassava stillage with high solids content

Cassava stillage is a high strength organic wastewater with high suspended solids (SS) content. The efficiency of cassava stillage treatment using an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) was significantly enhanced by discharging settled sludge to maintain a lower sludge concentration (about 30 g/L) in the reactor. Three hydraulic retention times (HRTs), namely 10 d, 7.5 d, 5 d, were evaluated at this condition. The study demonstrated that at an HRT of 5 d and an organic loading rate (OLR) of 11.3 kg COD/(m³ d), the total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and soluble COD (SCOD) removal efficiency can still be maintained at above 80%. The settleability of digested cassava stillage was improved significantly, and thus only a small amount of settled sludge needed to be discharged to maintain the sludge concentration in the reactor. Furthermore, the performance of ASBR operated at low and high sludge concentration (about 79.5 g/L without sludge discharged) was evaluated at an HRT of 5 d. The TCOD removal efficiency and SS in the effluent were 61% and 21.9 g/L respectively at high sludge concentration, while the values were 85.1% and 2.4 g/L at low sludge concentration. Therefore, low sludge concentration is recommended for ASBR treating cassava stillage at an HRT 5 d due to lower TCOD and SS in the effluent, which could facilitate post-treatment.     

杨木CTMP废水厌氧发酵可行性研究

应用生物鉴定技术测定杨木ＣＴＭＰ废液生物产甲烷势（ＢＭＰ），进行废液中有毒物质对产甲烷菌的毒性鉴定（ＡＴＡ），并从间歇除毒试验结果选择除硫方法和确定最佳投药量。杨木未漂ＣＴＭＰ废液总硫含量为２２６０ｍｇ／ｌ，ＣＯＤ／Ｓ比值为３．７，采用接触法中温厌氧发酵达到的技术指标为：ＣＯＤ容积负荷４．４ｇ／ｌ·ｄ；ＣＯＤ去除率达５８％；甲烷产气率为１３０ｍｌ／去除ｌｇＣＯＤ。     

用UASB-SBR组合处理麦草爆破制浆废液

采用改良式UASB反应器与SBR反应器组合对爆破法制浆废液进行了处理,研究结果发现,在厌氧处理段,当水力停留时间为1d时,容积负荷为5.3gCODCr/(L·d),CODCr的去除率可以达到75%,BOD5去除率达95%,平均甲烷产率为247.4ml/gCODCr。组合处理后,废液中BOD5总去除率达98%以上,达到新排放标准,CODCr总去除率为85.3%。     

发酵甘油废水的处理工艺

针对发酵甘油生产过程中的淀粉质原料浸泡废水固体悬浮物质量浓度高和提取废水难以生物降解的特性,分别采用沉淀法和Fenton试剂法对其进行预处理,再与发酵废水混合后,采用UASB-SBR组合工艺进行处理.结果表明:当进水COD为6 800-7 360 mg／L时,处理后出水COD可降到100 mg／L以下,出水NH3-N降到15 mg／L以下,系统出水可以达标排放.     

Anaerobic fluidized bed membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment

Anaerobic membrane bioreactors have potential for energy-efficient treatment of domestic and other wastewaters, membrane fouling being a major hurdle to application. It was found that fouling can be controlled if membranes are placed directly in contact with the granular activated carbon (GAC) in an anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor (AFMBR) used here for post-treatment of effluent from another anaerobic reactor treating dilute wastewater. A 120-d continuous-feed evaluation was conducted using this two-stage anaerobic treatment system operated at 35 °C and fed a synthetic wastewater with chemical oxygen demand (COD) averaging 513 mg/L. The first-stage was a similar fluidized-bed bioreactor without membranes (AFBR), operated at 2.0-2.8 h hydraulic retention time (HRT), and was followed by the above AFMBR, operating at 2.2 h HRT. Successful membrane cleaning was practiced twice. After the second cleaning and membrane flux set at 10 L/m(2)/h, transmembrane pressure increased linearly from 0.075 to only 0.1 bar during the final 40 d of operation. COD removals were 88% and 87% in the respective reactors and 99% overall, with permeate COD of 7 ± 4 mg/L. Total energy required for fluidization for both reactors combined was 0.058 kWh/m(3), which could be satisfied by using only 30% of the gaseous methane energy produced. That of the AFMBR alone was 0.028 kWh/m(3), which is significantly less than reported for other submerged membrane bioreactors with gas sparging for fouling control.     

剩余污泥高固态卧式厌氧消化的中试启动研究

针对含固率20%的剩余污泥,采用卧式反应器进行厌氧消化的中试启动研究.采取连续进料的方式,通过太阳能保温系统进行反应器的启动,经过3个月的运行,污泥产沼气率达到274 mL/gVS,甲烷体积分数为58%,VS转化率达到46%,蛋白质和多糖降解率分别为36.7%和30.1%,消化过程中VFA质量分数最大值为2 395 mg/kg,最大值出现在第42天。消化过程中氨氮质量分数一直缓慢增加,最大值约124.3 mg/kg。反应器沿程4个取样口污泥的VS,蛋白质和多糖降解率呈现出明显的差异性,反应器内污泥的降解率与其所处的沿程距离成正相关。经过73 d厌氧消化后,污泥的产甲烷潜力值达到273 mL/gVS,说明其已具备了良好的产甲烷潜力,反应器中的剩余污泥已转变为具有厌氧活性的污泥。