变性淀粉的种类及应用

本文较全面地综述了变性淀粉的种类,生产方法及应用,尤其对淀粉在纺织中的应用作了综述和展望。本文概述了几种典型的变性淀粉,如酸变性淀粉、氧化淀粉、酯化淀粉、醚化淀粉,交联淀粉及接枝共聚型变性淀粉。     

高直链玉米淀粉棕榈酸芦丁复合物的制备及性质

以玉米淀粉为原料,以棕榈酸和芦丁为客体制备淀粉复合物,利用XRD、IR及DSC对淀粉棕榈酸及淀粉棕榈酸芦丁复合物进行结构表征。结果表明：形成的淀粉棕榈酸及淀粉棕榈酸芦丁复合物均为V型结晶结构,且随着直链淀粉含量和棕榈酸用量的增加淀粉棕榈酸复合物结晶度及V型复合物比例增大,芦丁的添加影响棕榈酸在淀粉中的存在形态,三者相互作用导致淀粉的结晶性降低,抑制淀粉老化。     

化学工业出版社重点书推荐

《变性淀粉制造与应用》(第2版)张燕萍主编39.00元该书重点介绍了变性淀粉的生产、性质和应用,列举了大量的淀粉改性与应用的实例,收集了许多变性淀粉的检测方法,同时还对淀粉的其它深加工产品的生产、性质及应用做了介绍。此次修订大幅增加了淀粉原料品种及其化学组成和质量标准;增加了各种不同原料淀粉的生产工艺及企业质量标准;增加了直链淀粉、支链淀粉及中间物质的结构分析;增加了糊精、脂肪酸淀粉酯、多孔淀粉、抗性淀粉及微球淀粉的性质及应用、生产反应机理、生产工艺、反应条件及生产实例;补充了酸变性淀粉、氧化淀粉、预糊化淀粉、淀粉磷酸单酯、淀粉乙酸酯、羟丙基淀粉、两性淀粉及多元变性淀粉的应用;补充了变性淀粉在食品中的应用实例;增加了淀粉及变性淀粉生产、研发中的分析检测方法;新增了淀粉加工的废水处理技术的内容;同时作为附录列出了淀粉(包括衍生物和副产品)工业中常用的术语。     

高淀粉含量玉米淀粉膜的制备及结构性能研究

为改善原淀粉膜的脆性和成膜性,以甘油为增塑剂、采用高速搅拌及流延法制备了高淀粉含量的玉米淀粉膜.研究了甘油增塑前后玉米淀粉膜的热性能、显微观察及结晶结构,以及甘油的添加量对淀粉糊的流变性及淀粉膜的机械性能影响.结果表明甘油塑化玉米淀粉膜的α型结晶结构被破坏,并随甘油量的增加玉米淀粉膜的结晶度下降;甘油塑化的淀粉糊为假塑性流体,其黏度随剪切速率的增加而降低.当淀粉/水质量比为0.06时,甘油加入量为淀粉质量的40%时,甘油塑化淀粉膜的综合力学性能较好.     

变性淀粉的研究进展

本文综述了几种典型的变性淀粉,如酯化淀粉、氧化淀粉、醚化淀粉,交联淀粉及接枝共聚型变性淀粉。认为开发多品种变性淀粉,充分了解它们的性能,拓宽其领域是一项十分有意义的工作。     

淀粉微球吸附阿司匹林性能的研究进展

将阿司匹林制成淀粉缓释微球,有效降低药物的毒副作用,提高药物的生物利用率,近年来逐渐成为人们的研究热点。本文主要介绍了阿司匹林淀粉微球及载药方式。并阐述了阿司匹林淀粉微球的性能研究,主要从阿司匹林淀粉微球的评价指标、载药方面及体外释药进行概述。最后并对淀粉微球的发展前景及方向进行了展望。以期为淀粉微球对阿司匹林的载药特性及淀粉微球缓释药物的实际应用提供理论依据。     

物理法变性淀粉的研究进展

物理法变性淀粉具有环境友好、绿色天然的优势,是变性淀粉产品未来发展的重要方向.概述了当今国际上主要的3种物理变性的方法(预糊化淀粉、湿热处理淀粉和干热处理淀粉)的研究进展.分别介绍了其制备工艺、物理变性后淀粉产品的特点、应用及工业化现状,同时展望了清洁标签淀粉产品的发展趋势及研发方向.     

淀粉酯的合成、性质及应用

由于淀粉的可再生性和可应用性现已受到人们的广泛关注。通过酯化过程对淀粉改性,使淀粉的性质发生改变,扩大了淀粉的应用领域。文章对琥珀酸淀粉酯、醋酸淀粉酯、柠檬酸淀粉酯、长链脂肪酸淀粉酯、磷酸淀粉酯、硫酸淀粉酯的合成、性质及应用进行了综述,并对其发展前景进行展望。     

淀粉胶粘剂的研究进展

从淀粉氧化的机理出发,着重介绍了氧化淀粉胶粘剂的研究进展及改性淀粉在聚氨酯材料中的应用.阐述了接枝淀粉胶粘剂的改性研究状况,对淀粉胶粘剂的发展提出了看法.     

复合醚化淀粉制备工艺研究进展

复合醚化淀粉是一类重要的改性淀粉,在工业生产中具有广泛的应用。本文综述了交联醚化淀粉、酯化醚化淀粉、氧化醚化淀粉等复合醚化淀粉制备工艺的研究进展,重点探讨了目前的研究热点及存在的问题,最后展望了复合醚化淀粉今后的发展趋势。     

Tensile properties,morphology, and biodegradability of blends of starch with various thermoplastics

In the present study, blends of starch with different thermoplastics were prepared by a melt blending technique. The tensile properties and morphology of the blends were measured. It was found that with increasing starch content in starch/ionomer blends, the tensile strength and modulus increase. But for starch/low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and starch/aliphatic polyester (APES) blends, tensile strength and modulus decrease with increasing the starch loading. Elongation at break values of all the blend systems decrease with increasing starch loading. The scanning electron micrographs (SEM) support the findings of tensile properties. Better homogeneity is observed in starch/ionomer systems compared with that in starch/APES and starch/LDPE systems. Up to 50% starch content, the starch/ionomer blends appear as a single phase. The extent of phase interactions of starch/APES system lies in between the starch/LDPE and starch/ionomer systems. From the biodegradability studies of the blends it was found that, although the pure LDPE and ionomer are not biodegradable, the starch/LDPE and starch/ionomer blends are biodegradable with an appreciable rate. The rate of biodegradation of the starch/APES is very high as both the components are biodegradable. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2907–2915, 2002     

淀粉/PVA生物降解材料的热塑性研究

将聚乙烯醇(PVA)、淀粉、增塑剂在Hakke流变仪中共混制备了热塑性淀粉/PvA材料,研究了2种PVA-PVA1799、PVA1788,2种淀粉-玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉的热塑性情况;比较了甘油、乙二醇、乙酰胺3种增塑剂的增塑效果.结果表明:采用合适的增塑剂与适当的PVA、淀粉组合可以使PVA/淀粉共混体系在高温下热塑成型...     

Effect of propylation of starch with different degrees of substitution on the properties and characteristics of starch‐low density polyethylene blend films

Corn starch was modified by propylation and degree of substitution (DS) of four starch modifications were 0.61, 1.56, 2.27, and 2.51. Different films were prepared by blending native and propylated starch with low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). The mechanical properties, thermal properties, water absorption capacity, and biodegradability of the blend films varied with the quantity of starch as well as DS. Tensile strength, elongation, and melt flow index of propylated starch blend films were higher compared to the corresponding native starch blend film. These properties improved with increase in DS from 1.56 to 2.51. Propylated starch blend films were found thermally stable than native starch blend films. There was a decrease in water absorption capacity for the films containing propylated starch at high DS. Enzymatic and soil burial degradation results showed that biodegradability of starch‐LDPE films increased with the increase in the starch concentration but it decreased with increase in the DS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.     

机械活化对木薯淀粉醋酸酯化反应的强化作用

采用搅拌球磨机对木薯淀粉进行机械活化,以不同活化时间的木薯淀粉为原料,以醋酸酐为酯化试剂、甲磺酸为催化剂制备淀粉醋酸酯,并以取代度为评价指标,分别研究了机械活化时间、反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量及醋酸酐用量对木薯淀粉醋酸酯化反应的影响. 结果表明,机械活化对木薯淀粉酯化反应有显著的强化作用,活化时间越长,取代度越高. 主要原因是机械活化使木薯淀粉紧密的颗粒表面和结晶结构受到破坏,降低了结晶度,酯化试剂更容易渗透到颗粒内部使淀粉醋酸酯化. 其他因素对淀粉酯化反应的影响规律受活化时间的制约,活化时间越长,酯化反应对反应温度、催化剂及醋酸酐浓度的依赖性越低. 并利用红外光谱对木薯淀粉、活化淀粉及高取代度淀粉醋酸酯的结构进行了表征.     

淀粉/天然橡胶复合材料的研究

将淀粉进行糊化改性,将改性淀粉在乳液状态下与天然胶乳共混,制备淀粉/天然橡胶复合材料。用X-射线衍射（XRD）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和扫描电镜（SEM）表征复合材料的结构,并测定了其力学性能。研究结果表明：淀粉经糊化后,复合材料中淀粉粒子的结晶结构消失,粒子在天然橡胶中分散均匀,粒径明显减小。随着淀粉含量的增加,复合材料的硬度、定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度随之提高,且当其质量分数在20%时,复合材料的综合力学性能最佳。     

Effect of propylation on the characteristics of corn starch and variation of properties with different degrees of substitution

Corn starch was modified by propylation with different degree of substitution (DS). DS of four starch modifications were 0.61, 1.56, 2.27, and 2.51. Samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TG‐DTA, swelling power, solubility, water binding capacity, and light transmittance. Results of the systematic physico‐chemical characterization of the starch modification in comparison with the native starch have been documented in the article. Results showed that during propylation, the crystalline structure of starch got destroyed and surface of the starch was eroded. Propylated starch (DS 2.51) showed 85% weight loss at temperatures from 300 to 400°C, whereas the native starch underwent similar weight loss (83%) from 250 to 300°C. Swelling power and water binding capacity of native starch (DS 0.0) were 3.09 g/g and 89.8%, respectively. However, in propylated starch at low DS (DS 0.61), swelling power and water binding capacity increased to 10.55 g/g and 136.8% under same conditions. At high DS (DS 2.51), swelling power was similar to native starch at 65°C, whereas solubility and water binding capacity decreased to below that of native starch. Light transmittance of propylated starch with high DS (DS 2.51) increased dramatically compared with native starch. Propylation improved the hydrophobic transformation and thermal stability of starch at high DS. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Influence of starch on the properties of carbon‐black‐filled styrene–butadiene rubber composites

The influence of starch on the properties of carbon‐black‐filled styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) composites was investigated. When the starch particles were directly melt‐mixed into rubber, the stress at 300% elongation and abrasion resistance decreased evidently with increasing starch amount from 5 to 20 phr. Scanning electron microscopy observations of the abrasion surface showed that some apparent craters of starch particles were left on the surface of the composite, which strongly suggested that the starch particles were large and that interfacial adhesion between the starch and rubber was relatively weak. To improve the dispersion of the starch in the rubber matrix, starch/SBR master batches were prepared by a latex compounding method. Compared with the direct mixing of the starch particles into rubber, the incorporation of starch/SBR master batches improved the abrasion resistance of the starch/carbon black/SBR composites. With starch/SBR master batches, no holes of starch particles were left on the surface; this suggested that the interfacial strength was improved because of the fine dispersion of starch. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis showed that the loss factor at both 0 and 60°C increased with increasing amount of starch at a small tensile deformation of 0.1%, whereas at a large tensile strain of 5%, the loss factor at 60°C decreased when the starch amount was varied from 5 to 20 phr. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

The chemical nature of algal (Chlorella) starch and its estimation in whole cells

The estimation of the starch content of chlorella cells was based on the sonication of whole cells in 2M NaOH followed by heating to solubilise the starch. The starch content of the solution was estimated by measurement of the glucose equivalents formed by acid hydrolysis. The starch content of the neutral solution was estimated by measuring light absorbance of its blue complex with iodine. The chlorella starch was purified from cells which had been disrupted in a French press, and the starch was solubilised by boiling with water. The starch was deproteinised, desalted and finally precipitated with ethanol before drying. This purification procedure avoided alkali extraction which degrades the starch. β-Amylase digestion of the purified starch was found to convert 67% of it to maltose. The purified starch gave a bright blue complex with iodine with peak absorbance at 590 nm.     

纳米纤维素助剂对马铃薯淀粉氧化的影响

研究了纳米结晶纤维素（NCC）作为淀粉氧化助剂对马铃薯淀粉氧化的影响。通过测定氧化淀粉的羧基含量和黏度来表征NCC对淀粉氧化程度的影响,并通过分析淀粉氧化前后的红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线衍射图谱（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）图片来表征NCC对氧化淀粉结构的影响。结果表明：次氯酸钠氧化马铃薯淀粉时,pH值9、温度45℃是氧化的最佳条件,添加一定量的NCC可以促进淀粉的氧化,同时淀粉的氧化程度随着有效氯用量的增加而升高。在此条件下,当NCC添加量为5%,有效氯用量为2.25%时,得到的氧化淀粉含羧基比相同条件下不添加NCC得到的提高了10.42%。