高贝利特水泥混凝土的断裂韧性

为研究高贝利特水泥混凝土的断裂性能,通过三点弯曲梁试验,比较了高贝利特水泥混凝土与硅酸盐混凝土的双K断裂参数。结合载荷–裂口张开位移曲线分析,探讨了高贝利特水泥混凝土的断裂能。结果表明：高贝利特水泥混凝土载荷–裂口张开位移曲线下覆盖的面积大于硅酸盐水泥混凝土,混凝土对载荷能量有较高的吸收能力,断裂能大,断裂韧度大;高贝利特水泥混凝土的起裂韧度和失稳韧度分别是硅酸盐水泥混凝土的1.17倍和1.24倍。高贝利特水泥混凝土的断裂性能优于硅酸盐水泥混凝土的。     

基岩-高贝利特水泥混凝土现场抗剪(断)性能

通过现场试验,比较了普通硅酸盐水泥和高贝利特水泥混凝土与基岩的抗剪(断)性能。结果表明:高贝利特水泥混凝土的抗剪断和抗剪性能优于普通硅酸盐水泥。通过线性回归得出高贝利特水泥混凝土与基岩的抗剪断应力方程为τ=1.204δ+0.278(其中,δ为剪切面上的正应力),抗剪应力方程为τ′=1.119δ+0.150。普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土与基岩的抗剪断应力方程则为τ=0.790δ+0.257,抗剪应力方程为τ′=0.683δ+0.061。对高贝利特水泥改善混凝土–基岩的抗剪和抗剪断机理进行了探讨。     

低热硅酸盐水泥应用于高寒地区混凝土坝的性能研究

为了改善高寒地区混凝土坝体内部因水化热引起的坝体开裂问题,以低热水泥为研究对象,对几种不同水泥的水化放热、绝热温升、胶砂力学性能、混凝土抗裂性能等进行了对比研究。结果表明:低热水泥可有效降低混凝土的水化放热,减小绝热温升,控制早期温度裂缝; C2S反应较慢,使得低热水泥的早期力学强度远低于中热水泥,但C2S较C3S可生成更多的C-S-H,使得低热水泥后期强度大幅度提高;低热硅酸盐水泥中CH含量较低,可增加混凝土界面过渡区的致密性,使得低热水泥混凝土长龄期的劈裂强度、极限拉伸值、抗拉强度均高于中热水泥混凝土,抗裂性能显著优于中热水泥。     

高贝利特水泥高性能混凝土性能的研究

本文对高贝利特水泥(简称HBC)混凝土的工作性能、力学性能和耐久性能进行了研究，试验结果表明，和通用硅酸盐水泥混凝土相比，HBC混凝土表现出良好的工作性能和耐久性能；在力学性能方面。HBC混凝土早期抗压、抗折和劈拉强度偏低，28d基本与之持平，90d则超过通用水泥混凝土，表现出较好的后期强度增进率和优异的抗折、抗拉性能。     

高性能贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥混凝土性能研究

为了推进新型低碳低能耗的高性能贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥在工程中的应用,对比研究了高性能贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥和硅酸盐水泥制备的不同强度等级的混凝土的各项性能。结果表明:较之硅酸盐水泥混凝土,高性能贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥混凝土的工作性能优良,C30和C50混凝土各龄期的抗压强度分别平均提高4MPa和9MPa,高性能贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥混凝土的抗水和氯离子渗透性、抗硫酸盐侵蚀性、抗冻性、干燥收缩性能均好于硅酸盐水泥混凝土,抗碳化性能相对较弱,抗钢筋锈蚀能力两种水泥混凝土差别不大。     

水泥细度对早龄期碾压混凝土综合抗裂性的影响(英文)

水泥水化热与比表面积和化学组成有关,但是相对于调整水泥的化学组成来说,通过减小水泥的比表面积来降低水泥水化热要容易得多。为了探索水泥比表面积与碾压混凝土抗裂性能的关系,采用相同熟料磨制了3种细度的水泥,研究了水泥细度对水化热、胶砂强度的影响,以及对混凝土的工作性、力学性能(抗压强度、抗拉强度和抗拉弹性模量)、极限拉伸值、绝热温升等性能的影响;同时,采用温度–应力试验机,评估了在100%约束和近似绝热条件下水泥细度对早龄期碾压混凝土综合抗裂性能的影响。结果表明:水化热与比表面积成线性关系,降低水泥比表面积是降低混凝土温升的有效、便捷的措施;粗磨水泥提高了碾压混凝土的工作性,降低了混凝土的抗压强度和弹性模量,但混凝土极限拉伸值没有明显变化;温度–应力试验表明,随着水泥比表面积的降低,混凝土第二零应力温度更低,粗磨水泥碾压混凝土综合抗裂风险更低。     

氯盐侵蚀对再生混凝土多重界面显微结构的影响

通过研究经氯盐侵蚀的再生混凝土不同界面的显微硬度变化,确定不同强度等级再生混凝土不同界面过渡区的范围,研究氯盐侵蚀期对再生混凝土不同界面显微结构的影响规律,揭示了再生混凝土多重界面氯盐侵蚀的劣化机理。研究表明：随着氯盐侵蚀龄期的增长,同强度再生混凝土LG-XJ界面、LJ-XJ界面和LG-LJ界面的显微硬度逐渐降低,过渡区范围逐渐增加。侵蚀龄期为30 d时,C30再生混凝土的LJ-XJ界面过渡区范围几乎无变化;侵蚀龄期为90 d时,C60再生混凝土的LJ-XJ界面过渡区范围变化仍不明显。同强度再生混凝土界面抗氯盐侵蚀性能强弱关系：LJ-XJ界面抗氯盐侵蚀性能>LG-LJ界面抗氯盐侵蚀性能>LG-XJ界面抗氯盐侵蚀性性能。不同氯盐侵蚀龄期的再生混凝土,随着强度等级的提高,LG-XJ界面、LJ-XJ界面和LG-LJ界面的显微硬度与过渡区范围以及水泥浆体本身的显微硬度改变的幅度都有不同程度的降低。     

水泥浆体-集料界面的粘结强度

本文用硅酸盐水泥、矿渣硅酸盐水泥、高铝水泥并采用7种水灰比(0.2—0.5),以石英和石灰石为集料,制成26种粘结试体,以直接测定水泥浆体和集料界面抗剪及抗拉粘结强度的方法,通过回归分析确定了水泥浆体和集料界面的抗拉或抗剪粘结强度,发现两者均与水灰比线性负相关。实验表明,石灰石-水泥浆体的界面粘结强度大于石英-水泥浆体的界面粘结强度;硅酸盐水泥浆体-集料的界面粘结强度大于矿渣硅酸盐水泥浆体-集料的界面粘结强度。以熟料作集料可显著提高界面粘结强度。     

显微硬度分析在再生混凝土多重界面结构中的应用

与普通混凝土相比,再生混凝土存在多重薄弱界面结构,该薄弱结构是再生混凝土性能低下的主要原因.在构建再生混凝土多重界面模型的基础上,使用显微硬度仪打点测试再生混凝土三种界面结构的维氏硬度,以此表征再生混凝土界面过渡区的显微结构特征.研究结果表明:对已有的模型进行切片、预磨抛光后,利用显微硬度仪可以准确的定位、分析不同界面过渡区的显微硬度值及界面过渡区宽度,并且可以看出显微硬度仪可为研究再生混凝土界面过渡区提供一种科学有效的研究手段.     

石灰石粉对混凝土界面过渡区作用机理研究

研究了石灰石粉对混凝土界面过渡区显微硬度、宽度和元素分布的作用及影响规律.研究表明,随石灰石粉掺量增加,混凝土界面过渡区显微硬度先增大后减小,宽度先减小后增大,石灰石粉掺量为10％时界面过渡区显微硬度最大,宽度最小.石灰石粉提高了界面过渡区的钙硅比,增大了铝元素在界面区的富集程度.随石灰石粉细度增加,界面过渡区显微硬度先增大后减小,宽度先减小后增大,石灰石粉比表面积为600 m2/kg时界面过渡区显微硬度最大,宽度最小.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.