纳米TiO2薄膜的低温制备

采用液相沉积法,在90℃下制备了纳米锐钛矿型TiO2薄膜.采用XRD、UV透射光谱、薄膜表面接触角的测量、厚度的测量及亚甲基蓝降解等手段研究了TiO2薄膜的性能.结果表明所制备的TiO2薄膜具有较好的超亲水特性及光催化活性,在可见光范围内具有较好的透明性,其平均透光率在80%以上.     

Ti和TiO2薄膜在血管支架表面附着状况的研究

采用非平衡磁控溅射法在316L不锈钢制成的血管支架表面制备Ti以及TiO2薄膜,初步研究了Ti薄膜厚度、TiO2薄膜沉积速率对薄膜在血管支架表面附着状况的影响.结果表明,支架表面较薄的Ti薄膜附着状况较厚的Ti薄膜好;低沉积速率制备的TiO2薄膜在支架表面附着状况好于高沉积速率制备的TiO2薄膜;对于Ti/TiO2复合薄膜,Ti层厚度过大不利于Ti/TiO2复合薄膜在支架表面附着.     

沉积时间对磁控反应溅射制备TiO2薄膜性能的影响

应用直流磁控反应溅射法,在玻璃基体上制备了具有光催化活性的TiO2薄膜.TiO2薄膜的厚度随沉积时间的增加而均匀增长.基体温度则在溅射的最初1h很快上升到110℃,溅射7h基体温度不超过130℃.溅射2h得到的是非晶态TiO2薄膜,而溅射3～7h制备的薄膜为锐钛矿型结构.非晶态和小晶粒TiO2薄膜的紫外一可见透射光谱谱带边沿与结晶较好的TiO2薄膜相比有明显的蓝移,薄膜的透射率随沉积时间的增加而下降.钛以四价钛的形式存在于TiO2薄膜中.TiO2薄膜的光催化活性随沉积时间争薄膜厚度的增加而有较大提高.     

磁控反应溅射氧流量变化对TiO2薄膜影响的实验研究

通过中频交流磁控溅射设备,利用金属Ti靶制备出了有一定厚度的、质量较好的TiO2薄膜,TiO2薄膜被沉积在玻璃基底上.利用各种分析测试手段对其性能进行了测试,初步探讨了不同氧流量对TiO2薄膜的影响.实验表明,不同氧流量下制备的TiO2薄膜的亲水特性发生了变化.     

厚度与工作温度对TiO2薄膜气敏性能的影响

采用浸渍提拉法工艺在印制有金电极的Al2O3基片上制备了TiO2薄膜,并对不同厚度及工作温度下TiO2薄膜的气敏性能作了研究.结果显示,当TiO2气敏薄膜的工作温度一定时,存在一个最佳厚度,在该厚度下TiO2薄膜对H2具有最佳的气敏响应;当TiO2薄膜的厚度一定时,TiO2薄膜存在一个最佳工作温度,在该温度下TiO2薄膜对H2的气敏响应最为灵敏.XPS测试表明,TiO2薄膜经过H2氛围后,薄膜中吸附氧含量降低.利用TiO2薄膜表面吸附氧与H2的反应、薄膜对H2的吸附与脱附理论、电子的迁移等过程较为合理地解释了TiO2薄膜对H2的气敏响应.     

用液相沉积法在青铜表面制备TiO2薄膜

采用低温液相沉积法,在青铜表面制备了TiO2薄膜.利用台阶式测厚仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、X光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)等测试手段对薄膜的厚度、表面形貌、表面元素的化学状态和晶型进行了表征;并在紫外光照射下,通过甲基橙的降解,评价了沉积薄膜的光催化活性.试验结果表明,37℃下沉积16 h制得的TiO2薄膜表面均匀平整,不经热处理即已部分晶化为锐钛矿相,且具有较好的光催化活性.     

TiO_(2-x)N_x薄膜托槽的摩擦性能研究

通过射频磁控溅射法,在不锈钢金属托槽表面制备了不同厚度的TiO2-xNx薄膜。薄膜的晶体结构,表面形貌和表面粗糙度分别通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和2206型表面粗糙度测量仪分析。通过14FW往复摩擦磨损测试仪考察薄膜托槽体外摩擦性能。结果显示,所制备的纳米TiO2-xNx薄膜为锐钛矿型,结构均匀致密。不同厚度的TiO2-xNx薄膜托槽的动、静摩擦系数不论干燥或湿润条件下均小于对照组。在同一湿性环境下,随薄膜厚度增加TiO2-x Nx薄膜托槽摩擦系数呈递减趋势。TiO2-xNx薄膜托槽表现出了良好的低摩擦性能。     

锐钛矿型二氧化钛薄膜制备及其光催化性能研究

在室温下采用直流磁控反应溅射法制备纳米TiO2薄膜,用XRD、XPS等手段对未退火及不同退火温度处理的薄膜进行了研究,以紫外灯为光源对亚甲基兰进行了光催化降解试验.结果表明:室温制备未退火的薄膜为非晶结构,400～500℃退火的薄膜为锐钛矿相结构.制备的锐钛矿型TiO2薄膜具有一定的光催化性能,在500℃退火2 h且厚度较大的薄膜光催化性能较好.     

离子辅助沉积法制备纳米TiO2光催化薄膜

利用离子辅助沉积工艺在玻璃基板上制备了纳米TiO2薄膜,考察了离子源电压和电流的变化对TiO2薄膜晶体结构、光催化活性和光学等特性的影响.结果表明,离子辅助沉积法制备的TiO2薄膜具有好的锐钛矿型晶体结构和高的光催化活性,其晶粒尺寸随着离子源能量的增大而减小.在离子源电压和电流为600V和1200mA时所制备的TiO2薄膜具有最好的光催化活性,对亚甲基蓝水溶液的降解率达到了92.3%.     

微波液相沉积法制备二氧化钛薄膜

采用微波液相沉积法(MWLPD),在低温下制备出了性能优异的锐钛矿型TiO2薄膜.通过XRD、SEM分析手段研究了薄膜和粉体的结晶度、晶粒尺寸、表面形貌等.实验结果表明,所得薄膜不仅具有良好的结晶形貌、表面形貌及可见光透过率,还具有特殊的表面凸起结构,能有效提高薄膜的比表面积,有助于提高TiO2薄膜的光催化性能.且整个制备过程无需热处理,成膜周期短,效率较高.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from